self assembly : nature’s way to do it arbel artzy schnirman biology seminar 2008 part 1
TRANSCRIPT
Self Assembly : Self Assembly : Nature’s WayNature’s Way
To Do It To Do It
Arbel Artzy SchnirmanArbel Artzy SchnirmanBiology Seminar Biology Seminar
20082008
Part 1Part 1
Self AssemblySelf Assembly
Self-Assembly (SA) is the spontaneous organization of molecules or objects into well-defined aggregates via noncovalent interactions (or forces)
Building Blocks: molecules and objects with coded information for self-assembly
Processing: mix, shake, and form product
Attractive Features of Self-Attractive Features of Self-AssemblyAssembly
• Understanding life
• Self-assembly proceeds spontaneously
• The self-assembled structure is often at or close to thermodynamic equilibrium
• Self-assembly tends to reject defects, and also has self-healing capability
• Self-assembly is one of the few practical strategies for making ensembles of nanostructures
The development of self-assembly as a useful approach to the synthesis and manufacturing of complex systems and materials has been identified as a "grand challenge" in the
2003 U.S. National Academies report"Beyond the Molecular Frontier".
http://www.nap.edu/books/0309084776/html Science magazine included (7/1/05)
"How far can we push chemical self-assembly" in the top-25 list of "big questions" facing science.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5731/95
Principles of Molecular Self-Principles of Molecular Self-AssemblyAssembly
PNAS April 16, 2002 vol. 99 no. 8 4769–4774
Present ApplicationPresent Application
SCIENCE VOL 295 29 MARCH 2002
Future ApplicationsFuture Applications
• Crystallization at All Scales
• Robotics and Manufacturing
• Nanoscience and Technology
• Microelectronics
““We understand very little about how dissipation of energy We understand very little about how dissipation of energy leads to the emergence of ordered structures from disordered leads to the emergence of ordered structures from disordered components in these systems. But we know that they are vitally components in these systems. But we know that they are vitally important in the cell. That knowledge, by itself, makes it important in the cell. That knowledge, by itself, makes it worthwhile to study them”worthwhile to study them”
SCIENCE VOL 295 29 MARCH 2002
Inspiration byInspiration by NatureNature
NATURE VOL 409 18 JANUARY 2001
René Binet’s entrance to the World Exposition in Paris, 1900, inspired by Haeckel’s drawings of radiolarians
Why DNA?Why DNA?
""The nucleicThe nucleic--acid 'system' that operates in acid 'system' that operates in terrestrial life is optimized terrestrial life is optimized ((through evolutionthrough evolution) ) chemistry incarnatechemistry incarnate. . Why not use it Why not use it ... ... to allow to allow human beings to sculpt something new, perhaps human beings to sculpt something new, perhaps beautiful, perhaps useful, certainly unnaturalbeautiful, perhaps useful, certainly unnatural."."
Roald Hoffmann, writing in Roald Hoffmann, writing in American ScientistAmerican Scientist, , 1994 1994
Diameter of about 2 nanometresShort structural repeat (helical pitch) of about 3.4–3.6 nmStiffness with a persistence length of around 50 nm
Programmable molecular recognition-Sticky-ended
One DimensionOne Dimension
Higher DimensionHigher Dimension
Higher DimensionHigher Dimension
Construction of a DNA Truncated Construction of a DNA Truncated OctahedronOctahedron
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
2
4
3
1 5 6
1S
7S
2S
2S
6S
4S
4S 6S
7S
5S 3S
3S
5S
1S
5D
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
5-TTGTTCCAGATCTAAATACCTGAACCT TAAGTGTGGTATTTAGATCTGGAACTT-3
5-ACACCAAGGTTCACCGACCAGCGCCTGCTCATTTTTATGAGCAGGCGCTGGTCGGACACTTAGGCTAC-3
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
5-TTGTTCCAGATCTAAATACCTGAACCT-3
5-ACACCAAGGTTCACCGACCAGCGCCTGCTCATT-3
5-TTTATGAGCAGGCGCTGGTCGGACACTTAGGCTAC-3
5-TAAGTGTGGTATTTAGATCTGGAACTT-3
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
5-TTGTTCCAGATCTAAATACC
5-ACACCAAGGTTCACCGACCAGCGCCTGCTCATT-3
5-TTTATGAGCAGGCGCTGGTCGGACACTTAGGCTAC-3
GGTATTTAGATCTGGAACTT-3
5-TAAGTGT
TGAACCT-3
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
5-ACACCAAGGTTCACCGACCAGCGCCTGCTCATT-3
5-TTTATGAGCAGGCGCTGGTCGGACACTTAGGCTAC-3
5-TTGTTCCAGATCTAAATACC
GGTATTTAGATCTGGAACTT-3
5-TAAGTGT
TGAACCT-3
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
TGAACCT-3
5-TTGTTCCAGATCTAAATACC
GGTATTTAGATCTGGAACTT-3
5-ACACCAAGGTTCA
CCGACCAGCGCCTGCTCATT-3
5-TTTATGAGCAGGCGCTGGTCGG
5-TAAGTGT ACACTTAGGCTAC-3
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
1 6
Yield: 10%
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
2
435
6
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
Yield: 1%
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
Yield: 30%
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
2
4
3
1 5 6
1S
7S
2S
2S
6S
4S
4S 6S
7S
5S 3S
3S
5S
1S
5D
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
2 5 65 6
33
44
11
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
2 5 65 6
33
44
11 5 65 6
Each of the 7 links yield: 50%Each of the 7 links yield: 50%
Total yield: < 1%Total yield: < 1%
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669
Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into symmetric supramolecular polyhedrasymmetric supramolecular polyhedra
NATURE| Vol 452 13 March 2008
Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into symmetric supramolecular polyhedrasymmetric supramolecular polyhedra
NATURE| Vol 452 13 March 2008
Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into symmetric supramolecular polyhedrasymmetric supramolecular polyhedra
NATURE| Vol 452 13 March 2008
NATURE| Vol 452 13 March 2008
Origami First step Origami First step
NATURE Vol 440 16 March 2006
NATURE Vol 440 16 March 2006
Origami Second stepOrigami Second step
NATURE Vol 440 16 March 2006
Origami third stepOrigami third step
NATURE Vol 440 16 March 2006
Origami Fourth step Origami Fourth step
NATURE Vol 440 16 March 2006
Origami Fifth stepOrigami Fifth step
NATURE Vol 440 16 March 2006
ExamplesExamples
NATURE Vol 440 16 March 2006
ExamplesExamples
Self-assembly is one of the few practical Self-assembly is one of the few practical strategies for making ensemblesstrategies for making ensembles
of nanostructuresof nanostructures
Summary Summary
DNA will be a key player in bottom-upDNA will be a key player in bottom-up nanotechnologynanotechnology
1. Ball, P. (2001) Nature 409, 413-416.2. He, Y., Ye, T., Su, M., Zhang, C., Ribbe, A. E., Jiang, W.
& Mao, C. (2008) Nature 452, 198-201.3. Kamien, R. D. (2003) Science 299, 1671-1673.4. Rothemund, P. W. K. (2006) Nature 440, 297-302.5. Seeman, N. C. (2003) Nature 421, 427-431.6. Whitesides, G. M. & Grzybowski, B. (2002) Science 295,
2418-2421.7. Zhang, Y. & Seeman, N. C. (1994) J. Am. Chem. Soc.
116, 1661-1669.