1111I2s 25

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L m~ w ~ R~ I 11 1-

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125 1111114 1111116

MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDAROSmiddot1963A

10 i 1I111~ II11~ I~ II~iJ 22IJ bull

Lo I~u f B~11 ampto

1111118

11111125 1111114 1111116

MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF TANDARDSmiddotl3middotA

--

Tetlmical Bulletin No 950 bull February 19411

bull~) j-----------------------~ v UNITED STArES

D~IART~BNJll0FAGBmiddotICULTIJRE WASmNGTON~ DC~

~____~___c~)~__________~__~__~_______________middot__~__~~

Selenilun Occurrence in CeTtain Soils In the Uuited States with a Discussion of Related Topics Seventh Report 1 2

By IIlnmn W LAKIN ronncrl~ flIl80cirlic dtllIIist alld HOIIACI G BYlms formerly printi))(ll c~c~liSi f)[vi~ion oj S(lit J(I~lg(IIl~lIt and rri(lalioll Bureallshyoj Planl hull(~l1y SOII~ mul Agncutllral hllgtncermg Agl(ullltrlli Uc~e(Lchtl~lItini~lr(li ion ~ 1 CONTENTS 0~ Ingu Pllge

SIIlWnury ______ _ __ bullbull _ __ I S(hlllullI ill Gtnh Kcada ~ PreJious in v(sl ipat iOlls _ _ _ 2 Idaho nnd Orcgoll-Con tV

SCI~IiII111 llllf() in Xorlll J)~I- J)i~CIIHHioll of datu fol K euda 2i I kolu - - bull - bull _ _ a Discussion of dala for rdnho shy_Ilt VlHClISHiOI of (l~ta by coullties 12 Di~cl1SHioll of data for OtCion ~ ~~nCrl1 dlSClIilSIOll _ _ bull ___ 18 Belcniumbull

28 in pyritic lllillC ~lillllH

ilium ill lIIalI XCIIldll Itt lttrk (Ji~y l( al 29Idaho and OrCgOll _ _ ____ 20 (kneml dilWUSSIQI__ _ H Dii)cIRliion of data for ttnh LilCmtllle eilCd_ 25 3i3

SUMMARY

This 1(1pOlt pleslnt ilS its (itilf (opi(s I lit 1(stIlts or 11 SIlP) of sehniulll O(tUIIl IHt ill ~olth DnkoLn ilml of nI((onnllislitlHC lxnmillllshyLion of pOlls of OJ(lgon Iduito Npadn fllld lTtflh WitPlP tl)(1 itbsOIPshytion of till (middotI(lllfllt by plnllLs ftd on by livlstolk hns (nllsed selenium poisoning 11l(ludCd nlso 111( dnla on spltlliulll distributioll in slillws d(positCd ill Hiiv(l1 CICpk flO1l t1w minillg Ol)(lllltiolls at Plllk City Utllh

A large fHlIt of Ihp gl Illti III dlift o(Jlyillg 1l0rthw(sf1II XOlth Dnkotll hns lWC1l shown to ltolltHin slIfiiei(lllL pltllium (0 plodu(e stlnnifClolls soil Likpwisl Ut(lll(ustliw I)(ds of 11li(nt glu(inllukls in fhis nl(n nr( fllqulnLiy spilnif(lolls Till posibility of ()((usionuJ sel(lniflIous ill(llS of slllall lxtnt in lilt gln(ial drift of (IlS(PlfI NOllh Dakota WitS slultli(d nlld it fw cxHmphs of such 11IPIlS firt d(~(Iillld

I Submitted for publication April 17 192 HlIspended by wartinll rrriclionsand resubmitted ~ray lil l)4(j

bull 2 rlw previolls rCports on lhis snhjccL-- one to six rc~pCctivpJy-nrt (OilILioN) in T((hnical BullrtillS Nos 482 530 001 702 71i8 and 78a

7fHOJS-IS- -I

2 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

The selenium content of samples taken near the junction of the Niobrnm and Pierre formation of Cretaceous age in northeastern North Dakota was dcterminp~l and compared with analyses of similar material taken at other oint~ over an area extending 800 miles to the south A remarkably constant sele~lium content of 10 to 30 parts per million was observed

Results are reported of a recolmaissance survey of parts of Utah Nevada Idaho and Oregon together with data obtained on materials from these States received from other sources

The finding of a selenifcrous area in eastern Oregon was the first indication that there were seleniferous soils in that State The known area of such soils derived from the Payette deposits was extended both eastward and westward along the Snake River An elgt0sure of Cletaceous shales of low selenium content was found in eastern Idaho Data were obtained on the existence of small areas of mildly seleshynifnrous soils in alluvial material in Utah and Nevada

PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS

A li~stock disorder that occur in the semiarid Great Plains of the United States has been known 1111(1 describ(d for many years This disold(l sdenium poisoning is caused by the ingestion of vegetation that has absorbed this toxic el(ment from the soil (2 6 11 12 15 20 22 25)3 FOI sevPlal YPIllS the Dhrision of Soil Chemistry Hnd Physies 4 hilS interestlC1 itsPif ill an innstigation of the OCCUIIeue( anel distribution of selenium in soils and vegetation and related topics The J(sults of tlwse studies have bepn published in a cOllsiderable number of bulletins and miseelianeous pap(rs somp of which Ilrc list((l in lllP literatUle citpd (6 7 10 16 17 23 33 34)

Among otlwJ things the faet has bee11 dpmonstmtpd that seJpnium is widely disilibutpd and is probably pl(sent in all soils j also that it is prcspnt in many thousand squalo mil(s of soils in suffieient eon(enshytllltion to I(nclI some Y(trllation toxie to Ilnimllis The term Ils(le_ niferous soils is properly applirc only to arCas (Ilpab( of producing some vegetation that is toxic be(ausc of the s(leniulU The distincshytion is important be(ausc thc form of splpnium in thl soil appears to play IlS largp a roil ill its absorption by plllnts as does its quantity

It -as Ntrly shown (6 7) that UlPrc is a definite rllation b(t weell the s(lpnif(Ious ehalaet(l of the soils and the geologielll formation that furnishps thpir palrnt maiprial and that for the most part splpnifltlous soils wprr dcri-rcl from CrCtu(Cous formations particushylarly from the PiPIT( Ilnd Xiobllllll forllliitions of Cpp(r Cretacpous age (6) Busrd 011 this knowledgc1 gltological mllps han PIo-pd to br usdul guidpE in 10Cating selpnif([olls IlIlIlS in Xlbrl1skll Kllnsas New ~Ilxico Vyoming -Iontllllfl and Cnnadil All areas of soils derived from mntplial of CICtn((ons Ilge may contnin harmful qunllshytitils of splenium but not all such HellS Ilrl seriously afJrdpd til( CrrtaclOus shllils of California and the CJCltWPOllS beds of X(W JPIshySCy and )Ilu-yland for pxnmplr haY( blPI shown to bp frot of any widpspI(lld expOSlIlC of high s(jpnium (onl(nt (17)

a rUdic numberilt in pannthfSc rlfcr to LitlruturC (itcd~ p aTgt No a part of thp J)iviion of ~oil MnnngfIMnt and Irrigation

bull

bull

SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT 3

bull Another valuable aid in locating seleniforous areas is found in indishycator plants TIHse arc plants that appeal to require selenium for their normal growth (19272829 As a COllSCqlltl1CP thpil occurshyrence in a giVln alNl is an indicntion of the possible pIcspnce of injurious qUlLntitips of sllPlliutn Among indicator plants of wide OCCUlrpncc lLrp Astragalus 1)ecti7laius Doug A bi8ulcatu8 A Gray A 1(lCem08118 PUlsh and St(mlella pinnatu (Pursh) Blitton Latgey through the wc of tll(se pll1nts as guicies lllPUS of spI(~nifplous soils hnyc blln locatNt ill MontuM (83) N orlh Dakota (84) N lyudn (17) and Idnho (Smiddotn uncl in thp Cnlutclialt PIoincts oC AlI)(gtrtl1 Saskatcheshywan and ~fltnitoba (9 84) Bcath Gill)(tmiddott and Eppson (3 4 5) have Illucic lIS( of th(se plants in 10ciLting S(IPlliflIOUS Itpus in ~yoming ulso as wpll us in many Othll Stllt(lS Both gpologi(al maps and iuclishycn to 11ants WI( 1lS(l(l IlS aids in tlil wOlk plps(ntNL in this report TlH methods of analysis uSNI to dtt(Imin( tIlt s(lpniulll ontCnt of the Yilrious matPials jppolted hlLY( b((n pleyiously describpd (2432)

SELE~TCM SURVEY I~ OflTH DAKOTA

EIllly in tht SUlllm(l of 1pound)38 tIlt -1i (1S mndf it l(connaissance (xuminalion of BUlk( )[0un t1ilil middotIlld nnd lYillinms Counties N Ditk dminf which 34 samples of soH shale und Y(g(tation were coll(middotctcd nt 13 stations TIl( s(I(Jtium conlenl of th( 12 sampl(ls of soillnnged fWIll aii to 2 parts pcr million (p p Ill) Th(l 9 sllmples of dstraJaZu8 p(ctinatu8 lltllfpd in s(middotIflliul11 contpnt flom 280 to IHOO

bull p p m nnd 0 snmp(s of d bislllcatll8 contained 00 to 470 p p m (84)

Lat(l in thp snmp s(uson 85 snmplts of wh(lat and 20 of IT( bal1(y oats nnd flaxseed W(OTt obtained hom grnin (middothnltols friight (UTS undfloul mills in XOlth Dilkotn Thilj-two of th(8( contilJlld I to 2 p p m of s(I1liulll (8~) lnl(1l (olllposi t(l i11ll1pps of eornnl(Icin1 grilin show ll s(hnium (Olltpllt of 2 p IJ Ill 011( I1Illy l(lsollllbly susppct thnt SOI1l( fhmiddotl(ls in thl illPi produ(( toxi(- flllin

These data indi(ilt( a c()ntinuntion of til( S(middotIPllif(Ious iLlen in )Jontullu (nst 1111 inlo XOlt It Dnkotll to ii distiuu( of II t least 100 mills cast of tIll ~ronbllla 1gt01([(1 Also n millh(l similality in oligin fnul sppnifClOus (hfLll1(t(I isinltiieabmiddotd I)tw((n thp soils in this pmt of XOlth Dllkotn Ilnd thow nOlttltrd in Susblt(J(nn Canada Fultlwl in PRt ignt ion of tlli~ itl(ll flPP(IIIP(l wlllTllntld

It WfiR not ulltil the spring of 1()40 thllt opportullity WitS 1fJonlpd to (lxamilll thp lIIa in 1l000th(stlln Xolth Dakotll ill ~lNltt1 dPlniJ At tiw t time st1mplls of soil fLIHI CfetMioll II tnk(1t M tpplOxishyrnntCly lO-mil( intllllls along north-souLh (rHILl(ctS ) (0 ~ llIihs IlJ)l1Ilt thlOUfIHJ li till ltl() hOlllltlp(l h lh( ~rissollli Hinl Oil the south tIl( PllSl(olll limits of BottinlI1II )[dl(middotnIT ltlld )f(LinJl Counshyties on Ow Pilst thl Cnlliulin1l bonlI Oil thl llolth and [ontl1lliL on tIl( W(lSt A f(middot sltmplrs of soils nlHL 8hnlps (1( (oll((((ll itt wo pxpnsu1(S of PiPIT nnd XiOiJlllla slmhmiddotg in Clwnlil1 County in the

bull llorthlllstlln piul of tit StMp Also It f( sflmp(s (1( (oIINtCd at points outsicip till nlPIt wll(I( AstlaJau8 bpoundIllllfltlU 118 oh(lITed

A ollsidpll1bll palt of tlIP ILIP (xfllniJlNl is (O([((L I~ soil d(Jipd from glacinl drift Tn thl bl(lak~ to Sll(ilIllS thl 1lIld(IIin~ EnrL

2 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

The selenium content of samples taken near the junction of the Niobrnm and Pierre formation of Cretaceous age in northeastern North Dakota was dcterminp~l and compared with analyses of similar material taken at other oint~ over an area extending 800 miles to the south A remarkably constant sele~lium content of 10 to 30 parts per million was observed

Results are reported of a recolmaissance survey of parts of Utah Nevada Idaho and Oregon together with data obtained on materials from these States received from other sources

The finding of a selenifcrous area in eastern Oregon was the first indication that there were seleniferous soils in that State The known area of such soils derived from the Payette deposits was extended both eastward and westward along the Snake River An elgt0sure of Cletaceous shales of low selenium content was found in eastern Idaho Data were obtained on the existence of small areas of mildly seleshynifnrous soils in alluvial material in Utah and Nevada

PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS

A li~stock disorder that occur in the semiarid Great Plains of the United States has been known 1111(1 describ(d for many years This disold(l sdenium poisoning is caused by the ingestion of vegetation that has absorbed this toxic el(ment from the soil (2 6 11 12 15 20 22 25)3 FOI sevPlal YPIllS the Dhrision of Soil Chemistry Hnd Physies 4 hilS interestlC1 itsPif ill an innstigation of the OCCUIIeue( anel distribution of selenium in soils and vegetation and related topics The J(sults of tlwse studies have bepn published in a cOllsiderable number of bulletins and miseelianeous pap(rs somp of which Ilrc list((l in lllP literatUle citpd (6 7 10 16 17 23 33 34)

Among otlwJ things the faet has bee11 dpmonstmtpd that seJpnium is widely disilibutpd and is probably pl(sent in all soils j also that it is prcspnt in many thousand squalo mil(s of soils in suffieient eon(enshytllltion to I(nclI some Y(trllation toxie to Ilnimllis The term Ils(le_ niferous soils is properly applirc only to arCas (Ilpab( of producing some vegetation that is toxic be(ausc of the s(leniulU The distincshytion is important be(ausc thc form of splpnium in thl soil appears to play IlS largp a roil ill its absorption by plllnts as does its quantity

It -as Ntrly shown (6 7) that UlPrc is a definite rllation b(t weell the s(lpnif(Ious ehalaet(l of the soils and the geologielll formation that furnishps thpir palrnt maiprial and that for the most part splpnifltlous soils wprr dcri-rcl from CrCtu(Cous formations particushylarly from the PiPIT( Ilnd Xiobllllll forllliitions of Cpp(r Cretacpous age (6) Busrd 011 this knowledgc1 gltological mllps han PIo-pd to br usdul guidpE in 10Cating selpnif([olls IlIlIlS in Xlbrl1skll Kllnsas New ~Ilxico Vyoming -Iontllllfl and Cnnadil All areas of soils derived from mntplial of CICtn((ons Ilge may contnin harmful qunllshytitils of splenium but not all such HellS Ilrl seriously afJrdpd til( CrrtaclOus shllils of California and the CJCltWPOllS beds of X(W JPIshySCy and )Ilu-yland for pxnmplr haY( blPI shown to bp frot of any widpspI(lld expOSlIlC of high s(jpnium (onl(nt (17)

a rUdic numberilt in pannthfSc rlfcr to LitlruturC (itcd~ p aTgt No a part of thp J)iviion of ~oil MnnngfIMnt and Irrigation

bull

bull

SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT 3

bull Another valuable aid in locating seleniforous areas is found in indishycator plants TIHse arc plants that appeal to require selenium for their normal growth (19272829 As a COllSCqlltl1CP thpil occurshyrence in a giVln alNl is an indicntion of the possible pIcspnce of injurious qUlLntitips of sllPlliutn Among indicator plants of wide OCCUlrpncc lLrp Astragalus 1)ecti7laius Doug A bi8ulcatu8 A Gray A 1(lCem08118 PUlsh and St(mlella pinnatu (Pursh) Blitton Latgey through the wc of tll(se pll1nts as guicies lllPUS of spI(~nifplous soils hnyc blln locatNt ill MontuM (83) N orlh Dakota (84) N lyudn (17) and Idnho (Smiddotn uncl in thp Cnlutclialt PIoincts oC AlI)(gtrtl1 Saskatcheshywan and ~fltnitoba (9 84) Bcath Gill)(tmiddott and Eppson (3 4 5) have Illucic lIS( of th(se plants in 10ciLting S(IPlliflIOUS Itpus in ~yoming ulso as wpll us in many Othll Stllt(lS Both gpologi(al maps and iuclishycn to 11ants WI( 1lS(l(l IlS aids in tlil wOlk plps(ntNL in this report TlH methods of analysis uSNI to dtt(Imin( tIlt s(lpniulll ontCnt of the Yilrious matPials jppolted hlLY( b((n pleyiously describpd (2432)

SELE~TCM SURVEY I~ OflTH DAKOTA

EIllly in tht SUlllm(l of 1pound)38 tIlt -1i (1S mndf it l(connaissance (xuminalion of BUlk( )[0un t1ilil middotIlld nnd lYillinms Counties N Ditk dminf which 34 samples of soH shale und Y(g(tation were coll(middotctcd nt 13 stations TIl( s(I(Jtium conlenl of th( 12 sampl(ls of soillnnged fWIll aii to 2 parts pcr million (p p Ill) Th(l 9 sllmples of dstraJaZu8 p(ctinatu8 lltllfpd in s(middotIflliul11 contpnt flom 280 to IHOO

bull p p m nnd 0 snmp(s of d bislllcatll8 contained 00 to 470 p p m (84)

Lat(l in thp snmp s(uson 85 snmplts of wh(lat and 20 of IT( bal1(y oats nnd flaxseed W(OTt obtained hom grnin (middothnltols friight (UTS undfloul mills in XOlth Dilkotn Thilj-two of th(8( contilJlld I to 2 p p m of s(I1liulll (8~) lnl(1l (olllposi t(l i11ll1pps of eornnl(Icin1 grilin show ll s(hnium (Olltpllt of 2 p IJ Ill 011( I1Illy l(lsollllbly susppct thnt SOI1l( fhmiddotl(ls in thl illPi produ(( toxi(- flllin

These data indi(ilt( a c()ntinuntion of til( S(middotIPllif(Ious iLlen in )Jontullu (nst 1111 inlo XOlt It Dnkotll to ii distiuu( of II t least 100 mills cast of tIll ~ronbllla 1gt01([(1 Also n millh(l similality in oligin fnul sppnifClOus (hfLll1(t(I isinltiieabmiddotd I)tw((n thp soils in this pmt of XOlth Dllkotn Ilnd thow nOlttltrd in Susblt(J(nn Canada Fultlwl in PRt ignt ion of tlli~ itl(ll flPP(IIIP(l wlllTllntld

It WfiR not ulltil the spring of 1()40 thllt opportullity WitS 1fJonlpd to (lxamilll thp lIIa in 1l000th(stlln Xolth Dakotll ill ~lNltt1 dPlniJ At tiw t time st1mplls of soil fLIHI CfetMioll II tnk(1t M tpplOxishyrnntCly lO-mil( intllllls along north-souLh (rHILl(ctS ) (0 ~ llIihs IlJ)l1Ilt thlOUfIHJ li till ltl() hOlllltlp(l h lh( ~rissollli Hinl Oil the south tIl( PllSl(olll limits of BottinlI1II )[dl(middotnIT ltlld )f(LinJl Counshyties on Ow Pilst thl Cnlliulin1l bonlI Oil thl llolth and [ontl1lliL on tIl( W(lSt A f(middot sltmplrs of soils nlHL 8hnlps (1( (oll((((ll itt wo pxpnsu1(S of PiPIT nnd XiOiJlllla slmhmiddotg in Clwnlil1 County in the

bull llorthlllstlln piul of tit StMp Also It f( sflmp(s (1( (oIINtCd at points outsicip till nlPIt wll(I( AstlaJau8 bpoundIllllfltlU 118 oh(lITed

A ollsidpll1bll palt of tlIP ILIP (xfllniJlNl is (O([((L I~ soil d(Jipd from glacinl drift Tn thl bl(lak~ to Sll(ilIllS thl 1lIld(IIin~ EnrL

SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT 3

bull Another valuable aid in locating seleniforous areas is found in indishycator plants TIHse arc plants that appeal to require selenium for their normal growth (19272829 As a COllSCqlltl1CP thpil occurshyrence in a giVln alNl is an indicntion of the possible pIcspnce of injurious qUlLntitips of sllPlliutn Among indicator plants of wide OCCUlrpncc lLrp Astragalus 1)ecti7laius Doug A bi8ulcatu8 A Gray A 1(lCem08118 PUlsh and St(mlella pinnatu (Pursh) Blitton Latgey through the wc of tll(se pll1nts as guicies lllPUS of spI(~nifplous soils hnyc blln locatNt ill MontuM (83) N orlh Dakota (84) N lyudn (17) and Idnho (Smiddotn uncl in thp Cnlutclialt PIoincts oC AlI)(gtrtl1 Saskatcheshywan and ~fltnitoba (9 84) Bcath Gill)(tmiddott and Eppson (3 4 5) have Illucic lIS( of th(se plants in 10ciLting S(IPlliflIOUS Itpus in ~yoming ulso as wpll us in many Othll Stllt(lS Both gpologi(al maps and iuclishycn to 11ants WI( 1lS(l(l IlS aids in tlil wOlk plps(ntNL in this report TlH methods of analysis uSNI to dtt(Imin( tIlt s(lpniulll ontCnt of the Yilrious matPials jppolted hlLY( b((n pleyiously describpd (2432)

SELE~TCM SURVEY I~ OflTH DAKOTA

EIllly in tht SUlllm(l of 1pound)38 tIlt -1i (1S mndf it l(connaissance (xuminalion of BUlk( )[0un t1ilil middotIlld nnd lYillinms Counties N Ditk dminf which 34 samples of soH shale und Y(g(tation were coll(middotctcd nt 13 stations TIl( s(I(Jtium conlenl of th( 12 sampl(ls of soillnnged fWIll aii to 2 parts pcr million (p p Ill) Th(l 9 sllmples of dstraJaZu8 p(ctinatu8 lltllfpd in s(middotIflliul11 contpnt flom 280 to IHOO

bull p p m nnd 0 snmp(s of d bislllcatll8 contained 00 to 470 p p m (84)

Lat(l in thp snmp s(uson 85 snmplts of wh(lat and 20 of IT( bal1(y oats nnd flaxseed W(OTt obtained hom grnin (middothnltols friight (UTS undfloul mills in XOlth Dilkotn Thilj-two of th(8( contilJlld I to 2 p p m of s(I1liulll (8~) lnl(1l (olllposi t(l i11ll1pps of eornnl(Icin1 grilin show ll s(hnium (Olltpllt of 2 p IJ Ill 011( I1Illy l(lsollllbly susppct thnt SOI1l( fhmiddotl(ls in thl illPi produ(( toxi(- flllin

These data indi(ilt( a c()ntinuntion of til( S(middotIPllif(Ious iLlen in )Jontullu (nst 1111 inlo XOlt It Dnkotll to ii distiuu( of II t least 100 mills cast of tIll ~ronbllla 1gt01([(1 Also n millh(l similality in oligin fnul sppnifClOus (hfLll1(t(I isinltiieabmiddotd I)tw((n thp soils in this pmt of XOlth Dllkotn Ilnd thow nOlttltrd in Susblt(J(nn Canada Fultlwl in PRt ignt ion of tlli~ itl(ll flPP(IIIP(l wlllTllntld

It WfiR not ulltil the spring of 1()40 thllt opportullity WitS 1fJonlpd to (lxamilll thp lIIa in 1l000th(stlln Xolth Dakotll ill ~lNltt1 dPlniJ At tiw t time st1mplls of soil fLIHI CfetMioll II tnk(1t M tpplOxishyrnntCly lO-mil( intllllls along north-souLh (rHILl(ctS ) (0 ~ llIihs IlJ)l1Ilt thlOUfIHJ li till ltl() hOlllltlp(l h lh( ~rissollli Hinl Oil the south tIl( PllSl(olll limits of BottinlI1II )[dl(middotnIT ltlld )f(LinJl Counshyties on Ow Pilst thl Cnlliulin1l bonlI Oil thl llolth and [ontl1lliL on tIl( W(lSt A f(middot sltmplrs of soils nlHL 8hnlps (1( (oll((((ll itt wo pxpnsu1(S of PiPIT nnd XiOiJlllla slmhmiddotg in Clwnlil1 County in the

bull llorthlllstlln piul of tit StMp Also It f( sflmp(s (1( (oIINtCd at points outsicip till nlPIt wll(I( AstlaJau8 bpoundIllllfltlU 118 oh(lITed

A ollsidpll1bll palt of tlIP ILIP (xfllniJlNl is (O([((L I~ soil d(Jipd from glacinl drift Tn thl bl(lak~ to Sll(ilIllS thl 1lIld(IIin~ EnrL

4

TECHNICAL BULLElIN 950 U S DEPr OF AGRICCLTURE

Union formation of the Eoc(ne series is fr(qnently exposed west of Minot The Pil1lt shale of UPP(l Crptaeeous age is ovedain by glacial dJift and lacustilw mat(liI~l in Bottineau and )~cH(ury Counti(s but this shall~ is rot known to be (xpos(d in either of these counties Both Fort Union (Sn tnd the Pirlle formntiol1s (7 8) have bNIl pl(viously shown to b( sdeIliftlolls Although the s(lenifshyerOlls soils of this area ILl( dlIivNt lltlgliy from glaciltl drift umlluclIsshytrine IUutlriul it npp(ltIS tllilt thps(~ miLt(liltls ale IUlgeiy of Fort Union and PicrI( oJigin

In this SlllT(Y soils WPl( (xuminld only wh(rl lxtllIlal indications of the preslIlcc of spllnium WlJ(~ obsPJvpd Astragalus IJectinatu8 and LL bis1tlcatus alP common to much of the nn~a and were the guid(s us(d in mnking the coll(ctions

The dnta on the 324 snmples of soils minerals and vegetation collectecl for selenium analysis are giv(n in table 1

TABIE l-SelWUn concnt 0 soils mineralSr and vegetation roll Xorth Dakotci 1301110 l~ (ODTyen

I il~lrnillm In-

I -1---Lnhommiddot F~1f1 Ilnce oc collection tor~ so So nnd I V(~cmiddot

millf (lltion nls

Jpm J~J1m

1326SS2 iii Ii miles northlm~t o( LorniIll BroWII SilL IOllm 0 10 inches 24 on rond to mlcr

132f)8j 1l7A bullbull ibull 110 bullbullbull 4l tslrfl(Juiu bi1Ubfltf bull ~ _ 7 II C1rllyisllmiddotbrolllStllly 10llll1O LO I

on fond to Wcstlwpc indliSB~fsS4 ll~ bull 21~ millS OlltheL~t or Kurokl

I ibulltmiddotcul U _ __ middot10011268$5 liSA do bull Ornyish - browu IOllm OmiddotO 1 rB21iS86 III 3 mllrs south or IsthOPI on

[lIchlsLlSo~3 ~ I bisulcuitM ~ ~ 2 0201320887 11M do Young WIWIlL -I 5 tnrllls tnll j(J roJl268SS bull tlO II do CL from 119 i

132088Q 120 IS mil(ss~lllllwr~tor W(sthope Brown silt 1011110 10lud(s (JIl I gt n sl 1100do 11irCII1uB26BpoundO 120 IJlrk-hrflWII silt IOIlIll () I()30 ITllIl~ southmiddotIJuthwIS or Wr$thol 011 [ l 0 3 luelHsD2fSOl 121

BrowII dllY IOlIl ~o 30jlwh~s1326892 I 121 do

)Olln whnt 1 middot1 in(II$ 11111B2tlS93 121 do Irowin in lind jllljn(~n t to 112f~JI

1 Wrtill(J1IUgrowiu~ in 1I2iiiV2B2fgt894 121 1 do 12 millS IlOrtlpast (lr WulStth Brow II 51ndy 10lIu 0 12i1l(h~B26910 12S

1)1 roud (0 E[klllllll 10 bull t biwtn1u1326011 12SA BrflwllsII~ InanlO IOlnlllls 3 milrs IIltt of DllIlUirl on

ronl tn IIhurmOOl2 12U

3070bull t)illlffU shy101126013 129 110Yflung wlwHt 3 hl(tJ(i~ tfllf 5du~1261nt 12UIl (((I fcorn flc~iVI~ I )nrkmiddothroWlllllumILLO IJlrllf~ lIli north nl middotwbur on

ma1 (0 ImFlnB269W 130

Imo I pIrUmrillbullbullB20Ultl 130A do lli)YOUllg hat 3 -limllts tall 112IjOI7 130H du

(It orsoil 1If()ulolIll1l 10 iuch Pill (L~t nC Iallda on fI)(llt1

j Hnlh B2UlS 131

~ tu 11t11J1t11Il~JI~6IO 111 ti UiH(io~ Ntst uf HutltlUl road to (Jrn~ I1) loa III 0 III Inriits L2

B26l20 132 ~()Jri 2701llUrull112J)21 132 do

11261122 131 I mil )111 h of (Mhur~ 011 nro II loam I) 10 IIWhls S lltl load II SIObull1liiwlwtUJ bull132(021 13 dfJ

bull

bull

bull

5

bull

bull

bull

-- SELENIUll OCCURRENCE IN SOILS $EENrH REPORT

TABLE I-Selenium content of soils mtncrals lind vegetation from North Dalola-ConUnucd

BOJTlNEA i C01JNIY-(onUllI(~1

leniulIl inshy-L-n-b-or-n----F-ie-h-I----I-i-U-tt--O(-(-O-II~ctJOIl---II---- ~~t~~~--tory No No l-~~~--Iv-

I min~rmiddot tallon f ul~------j---~----~---~-----~- -- v-i--shy

i P p~m~ PpmB26024 bullbullbull 134 12 U1i1~s ~nst of Botthatlu lit DnrmiddotgruyslltlolllllO-lOlncbes I I

county line I i il26925 bullbullbullbull 13middotIA do ounK wlWlI1 a 5 inclws lull 6)

withill Ii fetl of soli jB26U26 135 I mile ellSI of Bottil1lou on I BlownlolllllOIOlnches 2 j

Stllte ltond 5 bull

R~~3~L ~~I~ 1 3~ ~~~~(CII~ltmiddot~5jtci(s ttiii 1 5ampt within 6 feN of soil

n26~20 130 0 lIlil~ WIt of Bottinellll 011 BmiddotPWlllolIlII ()middotIO inch~s 2 L Stote nond 5 SiG

B26930 131lA bullbullbull + dlO -t MWcutlls 0 B2603L13GB ( o ~ ) OIlUg wheaL 5middot6 iuches tllil1 j

1 __ _ (lot of $f)1I ____L~___ ____

BtHKE (OCXI

1l2670-~-j XUd~ ~f Lorson i IIrQw) silL lonUl 0middot10 inch(s l-rmiddot~middot~~ B2fl705 bull 17 do LJIcliuuLus 1810B2670L as 19 mllcs south of Coiullluus 011 11AghL brown cltW 101111) 0 10 14

tntc llond middot10 iuchts I B20707 3M I -- do bullbullbullbull bull IpeclillaIIS 1120708 If W lIlilessolllh of ColttllthUS 0 Brown silL loollt OmiddotIU incls iq 1070

~tntc Rond 11) H2G70ltJ lOA do llCCtillflU I 38110 I126718 -15 III lItilslttwth o( ltnul(r on Bruwu clay iOlltn 0middot10 inchtS L 2 f~ _~ bull laquo

I

l Stllte HOld S -151 J do I ptCtillfl(U 280 ~U bull 30 1lI11middotslClrlh or tallltl 011 Brown slle lOtIll 0 III incllls L6 L

Htltt H)ld S bull B20721 middot16 do middotLllalillflllt GOO H2tiir2 147 51middot mllrs Itorthrtlst of Cutcau BrowJI sHllollllt omiddott[) lrl(ll(s 121 middot

011 $wte Homl S I nfii23~ middotIi do 1 Iltcllllflll I 2570

J llllit south or (tlnndiln JlIIl Brown silt 10al1 U 10 inrhts

lt

1l2d72middot -I middot18 011 Stail (0)(( S I 1J26i25 middotjSA do 1 pecUllfltlls 320 B26i8 ~ ~ r~ ~ t 11 lillie NISI or Puwrs Lllk( llmwn silt 101lm () 10 iuellls 1126719 1 1 flrlilllflll i8laquoB21l7middot10 I 5-1 -I 9 nl~s nOrll(~nst i PIli pr Brown ~ilt loulIIO If) ill()tlS

I Ltlk~ on road to lilnit 1120i-ll 1 _1 I do 1 lCCIllflll 11267middot12 55 2() llllips north or POmiddot~rS Lnk(middot BrowI sUt loam 0 10 IndU~

i Oil rOlltl to Lignite11207middot11 ~ r [3 do t JfttiJlldusD26HI 55B do YOJlt~ whtt ~I 5ln(trs tull

C if1m ((WXIY

B2611ii 11 Mnyo IIrick amp 111( Co pit lit llnrkjmr (hinmiddotlddttl ~bilh 10 jllnction (J( Prnhinn nntl (11nWu) Lfllltmiddot P)nbinn HIVtrs

B2fHtr IX do IIlIUld Yilnw rllJd )lIY ~hul 11) 1126117 1 i10 ImUIIII SIl filltw((1l I IV lind

IX I12IH1B I do I larkmiddot)rtl) (Iny 0 12 itl(middottws t200 LG

Ytlrdsfrnm pitBIW 17 dn Ylilu shuhIHnr lOlMhiJI 1middot1 1I21H2I1 2 I()rkil~5 of tOrullr ~nrllwrtl BI~1I10llitqIImiddottt uh()Vtmiddot~X Pimiddotrrltmiddot Ui

(puWlll amp Plnsttr Cobull on [orWlllion i Olson f(lrlll 2111lhssOIHhwrH of (onrnl

1126121 do Ii~ill Shillmiddot iltlllltltlillltly nlio 3I ~ X Iitrrliorltllttioll

B2l22 2X do Jim(JniIP I)lr tit junrtioll or Piprrl flnd Xiohrnrn [ormumiddot titm~~

B26123 2Y flo olllll(middot in Xlohrlra G inril(5 hI~ 16 lowX

do HCtttllNlt Io(k Jiftlt h~I() 2X II I ~iolInrn (orrnaOon

U21H25 Ytllow sam a illhl Illrk immiddot utlfllnttI) I lm ~

bullbullbullbull

6 TECHNICAL BULLE~IN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRtCULTURE

TAllLE I-Selenium content of soils minerals and vegeluiton froln Norlh Dakota-Continued

DICKEY COUNTY bullSelenium iu-

Labommiddot Field Plnco of collection Iutcrial Itory No No sonnnd Ye~cmiddot miuer taUon

uis

PpTn PpTn D26934 138 11 miles lIorlh oC Ellendnle on Darkmiddotbrown loam (10 inches 08

U S No 281 B20935 13Sdo Llghtmiddotbrown cia) loam 4S-() 6

Inches D20936 138Abullbullbullbull dObullbullbullbull-bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull- Young barley 4-5 inches tnll 2 15

feot of B2OUH B20l37bull 138B bullbullbullbullbull bullbullpound10bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull__bullbull_bull-~l_b_i_SU_l_cU_l__S_g_r_O_w_ir_g_in_B_2_693_5cbullbull_____-__5701

[-

11lVWl~ COUNry- ------shyB2fgt039_ 6 bullbullbullbullbull 11 lIl11~s l(rth ~ COUllty lille IBrown cla 3-3H fcotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 00

on t s ~() 8u B2fiIHO ~A bullbullbullbull dobullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbull A pfClinllills H bullbullbullbull 0 - 1880 B26ttl bull 1 mile eust oC Fortuna on t $ Brown silt 103m (HO inches 1

No 85A B2fJ642bullbull 7 10 bull A P~clinatubullbullbullbullbullbull 1280 B26amp13 6 H mile south oC Cnnndiall IiIII arayishmiddotbrown mot(1ed clay 12 bullbullbull

on U S No 851 Il-nJ2 fcct B2fiIH4bullbullbull 81 do A b~ulcatu-l (1) 100 B21l-l5 9 2 miles south oCAlkllho on rond Browll silt IOllm ()O inches bullbullbullbull 8

to GrellOra H2flf1lGbullbull 91 -do A pectinaills 1200 H2ll(l-l7 10 10 miles SQuth 01 Alkllbo on Brown silt 10UlII 0-12 inches 1

rond to Grenora H261HS bullbullbull lOA _ bullbulldo A l1tciilltlills ~70 BMH9 11bullbullbullbull 17 miles south of Alkubo Oil Omyishmiddotbrown slit lonm (10

rond to GrCIlOfll( h)(~hes D20G50 11 do_bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull A1Jtctillfjtu~ __ _w~~ ~p~ _ 2lX)() D2tlfJ69 21 0 miles north Of laIllO LI~lllmiddothrlwll silt I03ll1 (10 0

inch~s bull1120670 2IA do A Jlutinatlu __ 17SIl B~1)nil bullbullbull YOUIll vlH~~t 3 inch~s tnll ~ __ 2Q IJ2Ii7 ~l~~ 2 ilII~ io~ti of (-Iitii 011 Lil(hlmiddotbrollTl gravelly loum 0--10 6

Htlltc Hom112 i(ll~hts H2067iibullbull 24A lo ____ 1IRctillaluf 2700 D2t~170 2i 1middot1 millS north or Corinth 011 Llghtmiddotbrolll silt iQlI~- (10

Stare Hond middot12 IlIcws 1 H~rfso 2SA bull do __ 11fclitluiIiS 15(J() HZIlIlSI bullbull 2( 12 miles south of Canlldlan bormiddot bij(hlmiddothrown ~Iii I03111 12-21 I 8

dr on State Hond middot12 III~hcs D~6lJ82 26 dQ -1 fclillal I 4 7~O Il2Gfgt83 2bullbull 9 miles W(st of Crosl) Oil Stnl~ (lmyclny hll1lll lit-3U Incls middot1

ROlld 5 _do ___ -I IlCciIlaIt~ 829 mil south of Siall HOIllI n Hrowllloam (jmiddotIO Inclles

011 rond to Widros(112Gfso 28 bull do bull L IIcrtitWIl 2100 1121l687 ~I I Illil~ northwest of WlIdros( Brown silliollm 0-10 hl(hcs bull H2(~ampl 29 do bullbullbull - _ I prc(11llu 3000 Jl2OO9S _ 3middotJ_ 7 miles north or lcClrrgor IlII (rnyishmiddotbrllwlI ~i1t 103m (IO

rOlld to ~oOllnll lncll(s I B206W 34A I do__ _ bull Ild(rlilllt$ 112000 _ 35 17 miles north of 1cO rrgol on Brown ~lItlumIHO ll~h(middots I 0

rolld to x()OUlIII B2670Lbullbull 35 do _ 1 lJcclirlUtu D2G702bullbullbull 30 4vi mil(R 1I0rt h oC Xoonnn on Bruwnsllt loam 0--10 ilwhrs

ltall Homl 40 DZG03 __ do I fclillat~ 1170

bull

5

bull

bull

bull

-- SELENIUll OCCURRENCE IN SOILS $EENrH REPORT

TABLE I-Selenium content of soils mtncrals lind vegetation from North Dalola-ConUnucd

BOJTlNEA i C01JNIY-(onUllI(~1

leniulIl inshy-L-n-b-or-n----F-ie-h-I----I-i-U-tt--O(-(-O-II~ctJOIl---II---- ~~t~~~--tory No No l-~~~--Iv-

I min~rmiddot tallon f ul~------j---~----~---~-----~- -- v-i--shy

i P p~m~ PpmB26024 bullbullbull 134 12 U1i1~s ~nst of Botthatlu lit DnrmiddotgruyslltlolllllO-lOlncbes I I

county line I i il26925 bullbullbullbull 13middotIA do ounK wlWlI1 a 5 inclws lull 6)

withill Ii fetl of soli jB26U26 135 I mile ellSI of Bottil1lou on I BlownlolllllOIOlnches 2 j

Stllte ltond 5 bull

R~~3~L ~~I~ 1 3~ ~~~~(CII~ltmiddot~5jtci(s ttiii 1 5ampt within 6 feN of soil

n26~20 130 0 lIlil~ WIt of Bottinellll 011 BmiddotPWlllolIlII ()middotIO inch~s 2 L Stote nond 5 SiG

B26930 131lA bullbullbull + dlO -t MWcutlls 0 B2603L13GB ( o ~ ) OIlUg wheaL 5middot6 iuches tllil1 j

1 __ _ (lot of $f)1I ____L~___ ____

BtHKE (OCXI

1l2670-~-j XUd~ ~f Lorson i IIrQw) silL lonUl 0middot10 inch(s l-rmiddot~middot~~ B2fl705 bull 17 do LJIcliuuLus 1810B2670L as 19 mllcs south of Coiullluus 011 11AghL brown cltW 101111) 0 10 14

tntc llond middot10 iuchts I B20707 3M I -- do bullbullbullbull bull IpeclillaIIS 1120708 If W lIlilessolllh of ColttllthUS 0 Brown silL loollt OmiddotIU incls iq 1070

~tntc Rond 11) H2G70ltJ lOA do llCCtillflU I 38110 I126718 -15 III lItilslttwth o( ltnul(r on Bruwu clay iOlltn 0middot10 inchtS L 2 f~ _~ bull laquo

I

l Stllte HOld S -151 J do I ptCtillfl(U 280 ~U bull 30 1lI11middotslClrlh or tallltl 011 Brown slle lOtIll 0 III incllls L6 L

Htltt H)ld S bull B20721 middot16 do middotLllalillflllt GOO H2tiir2 147 51middot mllrs Itorthrtlst of Cutcau BrowJI sHllollllt omiddott[) lrl(ll(s 121 middot

011 $wte Homl S I nfii23~ middotIi do 1 Iltcllllflll I 2570

J llllit south or (tlnndiln JlIIl Brown silt 10al1 U 10 inrhts

lt

1l2d72middot -I middot18 011 Stail (0)(( S I 1J26i25 middotjSA do 1 pecUllfltlls 320 B26i8 ~ ~ r~ ~ t 11 lillie NISI or Puwrs Lllk( llmwn silt 101lm () 10 iuellls 1126719 1 1 flrlilllflll i8laquoB21l7middot10 I 5-1 -I 9 nl~s nOrll(~nst i PIli pr Brown ~ilt loulIIO If) ill()tlS

I Ltlk~ on road to lilnit 1120i-ll 1 _1 I do 1 lCCIllflll 11267middot12 55 2() llllips north or POmiddot~rS Lnk(middot BrowI sUt loam 0 10 IndU~

i Oil rOlltl to Lignite11207middot11 ~ r [3 do t JfttiJlldusD26HI 55B do YOJlt~ whtt ~I 5ln(trs tull

C if1m ((WXIY

B2611ii 11 Mnyo IIrick amp 111( Co pit lit llnrkjmr (hinmiddotlddttl ~bilh 10 jllnction (J( Prnhinn nntl (11nWu) Lfllltmiddot P)nbinn HIVtrs

B2fHtr IX do IIlIUld Yilnw rllJd )lIY ~hul 11) 1126117 1 i10 ImUIIII SIl filltw((1l I IV lind

IX I12IH1B I do I larkmiddot)rtl) (Iny 0 12 itl(middottws t200 LG

Ytlrdsfrnm pitBIW 17 dn Ylilu shuhIHnr lOlMhiJI 1middot1 1I21H2I1 2 I()rkil~5 of tOrullr ~nrllwrtl BI~1I10llitqIImiddottt uh()Vtmiddot~X Pimiddotrrltmiddot Ui

(puWlll amp Plnsttr Cobull on [orWlllion i Olson f(lrlll 2111lhssOIHhwrH of (onrnl

1126121 do Ii~ill Shillmiddot iltlllltltlillltly nlio 3I ~ X Iitrrliorltllttioll

B2l22 2X do Jim(JniIP I)lr tit junrtioll or Piprrl flnd Xiohrnrn [ormumiddot titm~~

B26123 2Y flo olllll(middot in Xlohrlra G inril(5 hI~ 16 lowX

do HCtttllNlt Io(k Jiftlt h~I() 2X II I ~iolInrn (orrnaOon

U21H25 Ytllow sam a illhl Illrk immiddot utlfllnttI) I lm ~

bullbullbullbull

6 TECHNICAL BULLE~IN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRtCULTURE

TAllLE I-Selenium content of soils minerals and vegeluiton froln Norlh Dakota-Continued

DICKEY COUNTY bullSelenium iu-

Labommiddot Field Plnco of collection Iutcrial Itory No No sonnnd Ye~cmiddot miuer taUon

uis

PpTn PpTn D26934 138 11 miles lIorlh oC Ellendnle on Darkmiddotbrown loam (10 inches 08

U S No 281 B20935 13Sdo Llghtmiddotbrown cia) loam 4S-() 6

Inches D20936 138Abullbullbullbull dObullbullbullbull-bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull- Young barley 4-5 inches tnll 2 15

feot of B2OUH B20l37bull 138B bullbullbullbullbull bullbullpound10bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull__bullbull_bull-~l_b_i_SU_l_cU_l__S_g_r_O_w_ir_g_in_B_2_693_5cbullbull_____-__5701

[-

11lVWl~ COUNry- ------shyB2fgt039_ 6 bullbullbullbullbull 11 lIl11~s l(rth ~ COUllty lille IBrown cla 3-3H fcotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 00

on t s ~() 8u B2fiIHO ~A bullbullbullbull dobullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbull A pfClinllills H bullbullbullbull 0 - 1880 B26ttl bull 1 mile eust oC Fortuna on t $ Brown silt 103m (HO inches 1

No 85A B2fJ642bullbull 7 10 bull A P~clinatubullbullbullbullbullbull 1280 B26amp13 6 H mile south oC Cnnndiall IiIII arayishmiddotbrown mot(1ed clay 12 bullbullbull

on U S No 851 Il-nJ2 fcct B2fiIH4bullbullbull 81 do A b~ulcatu-l (1) 100 B21l-l5 9 2 miles south oCAlkllho on rond Browll silt IOllm ()O inches bullbullbullbull 8

to GrellOra H2flf1lGbullbull 91 -do A pectinaills 1200 H2ll(l-l7 10 10 miles SQuth 01 Alkllbo on Brown silt 10UlII 0-12 inches 1

rond to Grenora H261HS bullbullbull lOA _ bullbulldo A l1tciilltlills ~70 BMH9 11bullbullbullbull 17 miles south of Alkubo Oil Omyishmiddotbrown slit lonm (10

rond to GrCIlOfll( h)(~hes D20G50 11 do_bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull A1Jtctillfjtu~ __ _w~~ ~p~ _ 2lX)() D2tlfJ69 21 0 miles north Of laIllO LI~lllmiddothrlwll silt I03ll1 (10 0

inch~s bull1120670 2IA do A Jlutinatlu __ 17SIl B~1)nil bullbullbull YOUIll vlH~~t 3 inch~s tnll ~ __ 2Q IJ2Ii7 ~l~~ 2 ilII~ io~ti of (-Iitii 011 Lil(hlmiddotbrollTl gravelly loum 0--10 6

Htlltc Hom112 i(ll~hts H2067iibullbull 24A lo ____ 1IRctillaluf 2700 D2t~170 2i 1middot1 millS north or Corinth 011 Llghtmiddotbrolll silt iQlI~- (10

Stare Hond middot12 IlIcws 1 H~rfso 2SA bull do __ 11fclitluiIiS 15(J() HZIlIlSI bullbull 2( 12 miles south of Canlldlan bormiddot bij(hlmiddothrown ~Iii I03111 12-21 I 8

dr on State Hond middot12 III~hcs D~6lJ82 26 dQ -1 fclillal I 4 7~O Il2Gfgt83 2bullbull 9 miles W(st of Crosl) Oil Stnl~ (lmyclny hll1lll lit-3U Incls middot1

ROlld 5 _do ___ -I IlCciIlaIt~ 829 mil south of Siall HOIllI n Hrowllloam (jmiddotIO Inclles

011 rond to Widros(112Gfso 28 bull do bull L IIcrtitWIl 2100 1121l687 ~I I Illil~ northwest of WlIdros( Brown silliollm 0-10 hl(hcs bull H2(~ampl 29 do bullbullbull - _ I prc(11llu 3000 Jl2OO9S _ 3middotJ_ 7 miles north or lcClrrgor IlII (rnyishmiddotbrllwlI ~i1t 103m (IO

rOlld to ~oOllnll lncll(s I B206W 34A I do__ _ bull Ild(rlilllt$ 112000 _ 35 17 miles north of 1cO rrgol on Brown ~lItlumIHO ll~h(middots I 0

rolld to x()OUlIII B2670Lbullbull 35 do _ 1 lJcclirlUtu D2G702bullbullbull 30 4vi mil(R 1I0rt h oC Xoonnn on Bruwnsllt loam 0--10 ilwhrs

ltall Homl 40 DZG03 __ do I fclillat~ 1170

bull

bullbullbullbull

6 TECHNICAL BULLE~IN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRtCULTURE

TAllLE I-Selenium content of soils minerals and vegeluiton froln Norlh Dakota-Continued

DICKEY COUNTY bullSelenium iu-

Labommiddot Field Plnco of collection Iutcrial Itory No No sonnnd Ye~cmiddot miuer taUon

uis

PpTn PpTn D26934 138 11 miles lIorlh oC Ellendnle on Darkmiddotbrown loam (10 inches 08

U S No 281 B20935 13Sdo Llghtmiddotbrown cia) loam 4S-() 6

Inches D20936 138Abullbullbullbull dObullbullbullbull-bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull- Young barley 4-5 inches tnll 2 15

feot of B2OUH B20l37bull 138B bullbullbullbullbull bullbullpound10bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull__bullbull_bull-~l_b_i_SU_l_cU_l__S_g_r_O_w_ir_g_in_B_2_693_5cbullbull_____-__5701

[-

11lVWl~ COUNry- ------shyB2fgt039_ 6 bullbullbullbullbull 11 lIl11~s l(rth ~ COUllty lille IBrown cla 3-3H fcotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 00

on t s ~() 8u B2fiIHO ~A bullbullbullbull dobullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbull A pfClinllills H bullbullbullbull 0 - 1880 B26ttl bull 1 mile eust oC Fortuna on t $ Brown silt 103m (HO inches 1

No 85A B2fJ642bullbull 7 10 bull A P~clinatubullbullbullbullbullbull 1280 B26amp13 6 H mile south oC Cnnndiall IiIII arayishmiddotbrown mot(1ed clay 12 bullbullbull

on U S No 851 Il-nJ2 fcct B2fiIH4bullbullbull 81 do A b~ulcatu-l (1) 100 B21l-l5 9 2 miles south oCAlkllho on rond Browll silt IOllm ()O inches bullbullbullbull 8

to GrellOra H2flf1lGbullbull 91 -do A pectinaills 1200 H2ll(l-l7 10 10 miles SQuth 01 Alkllbo on Brown silt 10UlII 0-12 inches 1

rond to Grenora H261HS bullbullbull lOA _ bullbulldo A l1tciilltlills ~70 BMH9 11bullbullbullbull 17 miles south of Alkubo Oil Omyishmiddotbrown slit lonm (10

rond to GrCIlOfll( h)(~hes D20G50 11 do_bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull A1Jtctillfjtu~ __ _w~~ ~p~ _ 2lX)() D2tlfJ69 21 0 miles north Of laIllO LI~lllmiddothrlwll silt I03ll1 (10 0

inch~s bull1120670 2IA do A Jlutinatlu __ 17SIl B~1)nil bullbullbull YOUIll vlH~~t 3 inch~s tnll ~ __ 2Q IJ2Ii7 ~l~~ 2 ilII~ io~ti of (-Iitii 011 Lil(hlmiddotbrollTl gravelly loum 0--10 6

Htlltc Hom112 i(ll~hts H2067iibullbull 24A lo ____ 1IRctillaluf 2700 D2t~170 2i 1middot1 millS north or Corinth 011 Llghtmiddotbrolll silt iQlI~- (10

Stare Hond middot12 IlIcws 1 H~rfso 2SA bull do __ 11fclitluiIiS 15(J() HZIlIlSI bullbull 2( 12 miles south of Canlldlan bormiddot bij(hlmiddothrown ~Iii I03111 12-21 I 8

dr on State Hond middot12 III~hcs D~6lJ82 26 dQ -1 fclillal I 4 7~O Il2Gfgt83 2bullbull 9 miles W(st of Crosl) Oil Stnl~ (lmyclny hll1lll lit-3U Incls middot1

ROlld 5 _do ___ -I IlCciIlaIt~ 829 mil south of Siall HOIllI n Hrowllloam (jmiddotIO Inclles

011 rond to Widros(112Gfso 28 bull do bull L IIcrtitWIl 2100 1121l687 ~I I Illil~ northwest of WlIdros( Brown silliollm 0-10 hl(hcs bull H2(~ampl 29 do bullbullbull - _ I prc(11llu 3000 Jl2OO9S _ 3middotJ_ 7 miles north or lcClrrgor IlII (rnyishmiddotbrllwlI ~i1t 103m (IO

rOlld to ~oOllnll lncll(s I B206W 34A I do__ _ bull Ild(rlilllt$ 112000 _ 35 17 miles north of 1cO rrgol on Brown ~lItlumIHO ll~h(middots I 0

rolld to x()OUlIII B2670Lbullbull 35 do _ 1 lJcclirlUtu D2G702bullbullbull 30 4vi mil(R 1I0rt h oC Xoonnn on Bruwnsllt loam 0--10 ilwhrs

ltall Homl 40 DZG03 __ do I fclillat~ 1170

bull

7 SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENlR REPORT

TABLE I-Selenium content of 1I0ilslIiinerals and veg(alion from North Dakota-Continued McHENRY COUNbull ------------------------------------I I SlIcnlumlnshy

Iabornmiddot Field Place of collection -Iaterial son r-shytory No No 1 nllt I egut miriermiddot tlltiOIL

1________ 11 als I ---t-middot_-I PpIIIIPIII

B2~9 108 i miles north of Ruso on Stut~ Drown slit loam (HO inchesbullbull_I I i Rond41 1 l

BZ5800 108do____ Llgbtbrown clay 103m 30-40 I 10 Inches 1

B211861bullbull 108Ado Young whent 3-1 Inches taU within middott feet of B26859 I 1

B~186L 10SB do A bioucalus growlt~ In 112fgt860 t 1980 B2II863bullbull 109 __ 11 milUe sosut~eat of Norwich Brown sl1~ loam 0-10 Inches 14 j

On No _r t j

BlfI8ampl 109- do A Maulcalua __ afJO B2686L 10gBdO Young wheat 3-1 IndIes tnll 1 i(

2-6 feet of SOil D26Stl8 ilL Hi miles northeast of Simcoe Brown slit lonm 0-10 inches 8

On roud to GrummiddotiJle i B26SfiIl bull lilA __ bullbull do _ Abl8ulcalu81bullbullbull I t30 B26902 125 2 miles cast 01 Deering on roud Bron silt loamlHO Inches i 14

i to Gmnville I I B26103 125A ido __ 1l1i~~ ogrusscs In and neur iO

I nbullbull90bullbull B26904 bullbull 12lB bullbullbullbullao A bi8ulcal1l8 in ditch 20 fcet 2030

from B2I902 D26905 126bullbullbullbullbullbull 10 miles rost of Deering 011 OrflY fino sundy 1011111 0middot0 i bull 1 ~

I rood to GrammiddotjJle I Inches B269001 12tiA ---bulldOL~~ ~ 3~~tUli bullbullbull bull

bull McI(LNZIE COtNtY

B26628 100J South side of Missouri Wcr I~~~ ~~~~ (ormamiddot

I Oil Stute lloud 58 tlOll __

l[rLEAN cot-nY f r-- ~--~----~-------lt- f

ll267iO 1lS Ii miles south pf Par~tmll On l[ottlcltl ~ruY chr 00-0 inches omiddottI I SllIte Road 8 (Fort enion)

JlZ67iL IlSA do Apeellllllllt 11267i2 169 3 miles mst or Elboooltl5 on Darkmiddotorown SIlt loalll 0middot10 S

i road to Blackwater inche B26i3 69A do bull tCIlTVOCIITPIIS bullbullbull ]O B2ti1io 70 Ii mlJes rast of Elbooods on Mottled gruy dur 2040 lllches

n2l~-6 i rond to Illlekwater (For~ lnl(n) 7lA_ do Allf8UCIII1t8 iHl

D26i77 it 3 llIii~s north of Blackwnter on Drown silt loam (HO inches I I roat io Il oscglen

B267S i itA dn Alcli1alt~ bull bull 1200 B26i79 72 21 mllcs west of Hos-glcn on DrowlI silt 101lm 0-10 inches 5

l i road to Raub I B2tjiSO -I iZA do Aputfnmu B26i81 bull 73 bull 10 miles northwcst of Rosegien Brown clu~ loam bull

on road to PIU7l I ll26i82 i3A dO bull tt ptctfnn1I8 bull bullbull D26831 l6 bullbullbull 5 ttlilessouth o[ U~dcr on illata rl~htmiddothrown clay loam 30-10

UOlld 28 illches D2t1832 __ IltJA dQ A1rtilildu8 HO B2tl83L _ Ui bull _ 2 miles north of (larrison Oil Brown slit loam 0-10 IncllCS S

romi to Douulus Dt6814 bull i OA lt10 Youngwhcnt3-lindcstali D26835 bullbull 98 00 bullbull ~ mile~ north of Olr~lson Oil 1)tk grayishmiddotbrown ciu~middot 010

rond to Douglas Inches BZflSmiddotUL bull l98A i do A bfBUcultI8 D2flS1S t()-I _ g mil~s south of ~f(n(j( on Brown slIt 10111 0-10 inches

It 8 Xu)I

bull B26S19 1 IIlIA bullbullbull do Aptrti7lI1illS

35

6

___

~A ~ ~

8 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

TABIE I-BelenllIn content of sOIls minerals and vegetation froll No th Dakota-Con tinlled

McLEAN COUNTY-Continued bullScltmillm Inshy

1nl~)romiddot FiQltl PlncI of collectionlory No No Soil

unti V~Jc mlrurmiddot latlon

Ills-middot-1 --D26850 [ 105bullbullbullbullbullbullGmiles suuth of ML~ on 1 S Grayishmiddotbrown Chl~ 30-10 Pmiddotp(t~middotJ~~~~t No 83 Inches D2famp1 ll05 bullbullbull bullbullbullbull dC AllcclirwIl bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bullbull 2240 D2685LjlOO OlllilCScllstofOllrrlsononrond Brown silt 101110 0-10 Inches 12

to Crooked Luke I

I B2Il853 100 do bullbull ~r()tt1ed grayishmiddothrown ciIlY

i0-70 inches D2JampI I06A du Young whent growl nil In Ind 120

I ndJI1C1~nt to slIrfac() soil B2ramp5 ~ lOOIl J ~ do ~ __ ~~ ~ _~ _ middotL-PtcUIIMgrQwingin B2tamp~3bullbull _~ __ 2880 1126856middotmiddotmiddot 107 11 lIIillS 11itll o( Imtltmiddot Ilko Brown cilly Joilll 0middot12 inclles I G

t I on Stllt- Hond 41

n26S57~ lOlA ~ ~~ do -~ ~ ~~ ~~_ gt~ Abi8UlctliIM bull ~ _~ _ ~ ~~ bull ~ ~ 212(1

B26858bullbull IQ71l bullbullbullbull do __ _bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull A cllryocllrIII I~ ((-t froll I w Bt)8ljU I I ID268iO bullbullbull1 112 10 miles SOllth of BnW nn road M otlled grur clllr 0-10 inc les u

I to ~Iertw I f D26871 --l2A - dQI blslIlctlI13 l 70 _____~---- ___~~~~4_~_ _~ ~~__~_~___-______ __ bull __bull___bullbull

bullIOtSIHAIr COI~IY middotmiddot~ r_~_~-4--~_~ _~---- - ~~- -middot1 _

B2t171U bullbull 21~ millS south of Bnltlli Brown (lay IOIlIll Omiddot 12 Inches OS l on rond to Whltl Imiddotunll

-~

bull IJ2I1711 -itA bull do t lltCillllI(S _ bullbull i 7U B~~iiI2 42 13l1liless(utli ofliitl(gtli~wmiddotmiddotuli Brllwll silt IOfllll (rIO Incll(s

rOlld to White ~(rthB2t1711 middot12A do 1IIUJIItIIf 1070B~~mmiddotL middot11 17 miles uurli 0( $-tillih~ 01 BrowlI silt 1mm I) 10 Itl(hes 1

tllte Hond H B2tii15 ~IA do A pcetiliM 1- 3 Hill bullB2tl711j H iit~ miles liortl-oCStliniy un lIruwu silt IUIIIII 0-10 lllchls I

SWlie I(~n(] 8 mtl71 HA do bull _ IltrillII I alOB2fi73-1 51~ 6mU(middotssoulh uf L S 2 lmih i IJrownsil(lolllIIOlUincllls Ii

enst o( Williallls (oullty i1tl(fl2tl7IJ 51A do I 1 ltclilWl1l4 _ bull 5001J2tl730 bull 52 _ 31~ millS north or lullitou 011 JlrowlIsilllOlllll (jmiddotlij illch~5 Il

rond to Powers Ltlkc 1l2tl73i 52A rio bull 1 bull lftHIwl I ~ to)H~f)7middotIS 57 _~ lil lIlillmiddotqmiddot o((h jf Xioll on Llglltmiddothrown ciiy loalll IOmiddotmiddotIU 6

wod to PulermQ inclll~ B2timiddot19 -57-1 rio ~ t peclilllI$ 2l$1lB~Iio ampS 201lIIhS51)urh of Xlob 011 rolll Brown silt IltmOl 0- JII lncit~s 6

to I1I11-rmo Bm751 (sA do 1 Nclinalus 2720I1~~i~2 59 311lt5 HIlIt of HlIslJri rontl (0 bull lottlldlrtlrcluy60middot21tllIs middot1

I ullisll m()75J J9 dll bull I lUllIII1M lUJl2tli6L GO bull 1 IS milpg SIlitl or H()~ UII roud Jlvh(middothrIlWII ~nuly fjIlinmOmiddot1O (0 allish jnc1HI~B2tl751L i rOA do t perlinlllu~ t ~~112tjijtj HI ~jO milrlns( o( unislol IIlW iOlllli I)10 2lI~II~~WIl sandyJInd 2J 1l2tl7Iii OIA dll ( Iltfliuaill 22middot10D26i58 62 10 mills nortl tlf iln 111111011 IIrown ill loalll f 10 inelll

lUlla Hoad 1I2tli59 62A bullbull do 1 pullwil ~U70fi2il7iO rj 21 mile north ofVw ifuooll Ikhmiddotbulll Imiddoth) 1111111 I III

~tMe HOHl s IIIIh lJ2Gim Ii IIIl 1 IwlllnlJ 1~~JHtj7U2 IH illl[ls ~Olllh or Palrnno 10 Brown lIluafll1J JO ilHhmiddot j

rlm1 to ParshIU B2foiG1bull lilA UP 1 iffiIfilII 2ftfoH2U7IH bull 65 11 mllf~ ()nlit III lIhrIIh 011 llru 11 Ill Jmlll n 10 111(he~

l roHi to JIrShIII 1126765 ngtA do 1 JedlIllu 111011207054 65E1 rio ()nn~ whlmiddotIt 7 inrIns LllI IU bull

9 SELBNIUM OCCURHENCE IN SOILS SEVENlH HI~POHl

bull TBiE I-SeclliuIn conient of ~Oil8 minerals allli vegel(ltion from Norh

Dakota-Continued

~1()tNlRAIL coeNIY-CQUUIIIlC(

Lnhornmiddot Flcll llnce of ~olledioll Mnlerinl ~--lory No No ~~ilI Igl

----____I________~__~j _ lt__-__-___ _ IIll~~I_t_lI_t_io_n_ 1 lIl IIIj P1)III1120() crbull l lIIi1es Foul h of Iullrlllo 011 BrowlI ~1It loalll Omiddot III hllll(s l -I bullbullbullbullbull

rond to l1rshall 112Iiifii f~IA (It) Ij1 1)(IIIIII$ 1100 H207(8 Oi rpllis south of Parshall on Bmwn sill 1011111 IHO ineills j 1 2 I _

S11I11 BOlld S U2iliOn 07 _ do 1 1udiflJll 2310 0211(i1 71 10 mill 1I0r(h of Il(k 011 1 IJrown sll( 101111110 Imhes 81

roall to 1II17a I 1121liSL ilA tlo 11 1M III IIII bull 1100 1l2()78i 75 11) millS Ilorlhw(sl or P-ow Brnwli 5111111nm DmiddotIO lmllts S (4 Ell 511( 12 II If~J ~ bullbull It

SU 111 112Ij~ 7M bull do bull bullbull I Wrll((II 11(10 B211jSj 7iIl do 11111 ~rlSS1S 11II B26iSS jllA I)(J millS lIlthwlsl of Ilam IOlltS IUlO (mil bull

(Sjlt S(I(~~ ~t 1 I~ ~oj H ~I J I

112ij~O jlll_ till OlltS lltrrsllll~ tmsh ~o 112tijHl ne I 10 mil-s 11orthlsl uf Plum I ilarilY lUall erOll II 2

I (SJo~ SI( ) 1 Ir - B I so WI

1l2U701 77 _ U~ mll-S lIor-tlt IIf 11lt1711 on I II row II ~1It Inurn (j 10Im-It(sI roall f() IlIalsd lI I

B211i02 ii tlo 1 lUlIIIIIII Inoo 1l2i1711 7S lmil(slIor-th of 111171101 10111 1~hthr(]WlI loalll 010 tWltl

tt) 1l1IISdlmiddotlI

bull -~

ll~Gilll 10 Iwrlllllil 2510 H20j do )nlHlI[ wlll[lt 1 I 11I1-1H~ lall 30

no (lll (rOtJl 0 7~ IJ2tl70G 70 bull ~ lilli lIonluusl or IIlaisl~Il IIwWlI rlar 101111 If 10 it(h(~ 0middot1

()1I1middot~ 02 n~(iiU7 71 dll I wrtillllil UIO B2)itS il 12 III I IIs lIorlhllI$I of 111(111111 )Jarkllr rby loam 1112 1

011 mId Ifgt (Ol1l~ 1IIl1 11ltbull ~OA tlo bull I Iimlwlll 21)

11i t Bulla ollliII(middot HOIull LhhlhmwlI day 10 lin 1middot111 l

117 tin I 1 MWrdI 1tIlI

111 xllrUll IIrllwlIalll () 101 illllIs llii tI I lIlrl1l1I 150

1 ruills lItlrtl l lllst of Il)lh~ nn Jim~I~~)IlI rhlgt Jlltlln 0111llllll H~II [

If~)i Ill 1 wet I )WIIbullbull 910 1l21iiI~L l 1 11111 IIOfh or illllrlt((1j1l1l ur llrown sill IOllntn HI illIIII

I ~tHl Hnatl i 011 4 tat 11 Httad

112liS07 ~I - 10 1Iitlim1M l12tilOIl S5 IIKJllrd5 sUlllh IIr (lllntlian IIrnwll ~t11 IIIlIm [Jill U1(h(~

honltr Ull ~llll HIla1 2S l12tiSOU s tIn III1(lllI fllO II 2(18 I(J Sit 21 l1Iih~~ Ollth or sIWJ0I1 un ~JlIllllll gill) ~I[y loam IIlJ

~ttilti ituHI21 il1(middotIII~ 11201SII SI1 tlo 1 w)rtlIIlt 110 112ljSI2 Si W miltls ~tHllh of nnmiddotIIII~ fin Iiglll-hw n tlll~ hmm ~~11Il

bull ~In Ju1l1 illIhl~

1121i1I IIIl 1 wrUII

10 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 1-Selenium content of soils minerals and vegetatton frol1~ North Dakota-Continued

RENVILLE COUNTY-Continued bull ScknltiJn In-

Laboramiddot FIeld Plaen or collection MaterIal Solitory No No nnd VegcmiddotmInermiddot tatron

als

Ppm PpmD2tl8Hbullbullbull 114 12~2 miles northeast of Foxhohn Brown slit loam tHO Inches 1 6

on rond to Mohall B20875 A bI3ulcalu8 1520 D268i6bullbull IlhL ~~ Young whent 130 B2tlS77 bull 115 28 mIles north or Foxholm on Brown loam 0-10 Inches 1

road to Mohnll D268i$ bull 1151 do A bI8Ulcalu8 420 B26879 bull 116 5 mIles north or Mohall on rond Brown slit loam 0-10 Inches 2

to Loralnc B2fl8SObull 1161 do A bl8ulcaluamp 1~D2tlSSl 116B do Young wheat 3-1 Inches tall bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

HH8 feet from D26879

SIIEIUDA-1 CO(INry

~--------~------------------------------------------------------~-----B21o872 1113 -1 mllesenst of Mercer on Stllto IMottled grnyclny G-i fcct 081middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~_~_1I~~~ ~~~~~~ A bIllcallla bull 620

WARD COUNrl

D2oo5 middot156 17 miles wcst of Kenmnre 011 IBrown slit loam 0-10 Inchesf 50 bullbullbull ~o~~~~I~I~ 1A pectillaIIMbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull I It WB bullbullbull bull do bull bull WlntN rye 5- Inches taIL

bull 2 bullbull ) Westslor to UPllIr Lake Desmiddot bull Oray sandy ciIlY 08 InchlS I bullI Jacs Refuge I mIlo north Of KtllInMe bull

1l2iOOl 2A do A bi8lzcallM 80 fl2iOO~ _121l bullbulldo Ripe cnsled wlwat~rn5S hnds imiddot middot1 1 1)268110 _ 81 bullbull I R~gJ~~~ or Coulee on Statn GrnYCIIY 15fNtWort nloll) 6 I

1126801 RIA do f II hiIICUII I 300 middot1J~~SI~ S8 G mIles south o( CarpIo on I Brown slit 101UII 0-10 Inches bull I 8

itate Hond 28 j I 1lnS15 bull S8A bull do Wlnllrrye 5-7 Iuches Itlll 15 1l2tJS16bullbull 8U 4 mnes south of BerthQld 011 I BrOwlIsIlt IOllm 0-10 inches 6

B26817 SOA ~o3~~~~1~~OI A Clinrtll bull bullbull 1 10-10 1J2i181S 00 H millS SQuth of Ilrth)d on BrowlI slit 101m 0-10 Inches 1

fOnd to rnkf)tI I BfoSIQ 00 bull tlrl A ectiwlllJ I8iO JlI)8(L 01 21 mIllS south or Berthold Oll Uralill slit loam OmiddotHllnclws 2 3 100 bull

rond to Mukall J326S21 01 _do 1]Jftintl11J I2f~2l JJlIl do YOUllg whent 3-1 Inches tnll 1 30 ll2tlS23 U H~ mUcs sOllth o( rukotl on Brown ~l1t 101lm o-JO Inclws middot1 I

rond to Hos(glllll llf~S2middot1 92 rlo bull _ A putillau bull 1350 JJW825 91 3 miles south of Drslncs 011 Brown slit lonm 0- 10 InchlS bull fj

roud 10 Hyder bull B2()S211~ va do Wtkr rye fmiddot7 llldws nll I 30

within 3 r(tt or soli 1121gtamp27 H 1 miles routllllwl of IJrslutS Brown slit j()lIm 0-10 Inche S I 1)21828 91A ot~l~joa~ toHydcr A pteillatll bullbull ~ I 1amp10 112IlS~~ 15 2middot1 miles $outhsouthwlst o( Browll silt loam 0middot10 IlIdl($

IJ(oshws 1)1 rcd O Hyderbull 9A do 1 putillllI1 1610 1111 13 mlls north )f nnrrio~ on IA~htmiddotbrQwn clay 0middot12 Intlies II I

road to lou(lns 112(518 run bull bull ltlo 1 pecinullM bull 2010

bull

SELENIU1 OCCURRENCE IN SOILSSEVENlH HEPORI 11

bull lABJE I-Selenium content 0 soils minerals and vegetation 10)1 North

Dakota-Continued WARD COUNlY-Contlnllcd

-------7---IS~I~nlulll lu-

Laboramiddot ield I tory No No Place of collection Jlalcrflll I Soli

IIUld O~l

minermiddot tlltton Ills----1---------1-----------

PPlII Pllm132683U 100 oj miles north of nOUIlIn~ on Ightmiddotbrown clay loalll 1()20 0lt bullbullbullbullbullStllto Hand 23 Inches112MIO 100 bull bullbullbullbullbulldo A peclillaus 2280112IiSmiddotII lOOD do AslraOIJII sp IJOB2IiS12 101 bullbullbull 16 tI11~1 north 01 Douglas 011 Brown slit loulII 0-10 InchM

rond 10 1gtrut y

1~~~t l~~~~ iijill~SSOllliloiiljil)tolihlmiddot middot~I~k~~~~I~liiio~liOioincil~ T 140 No sa

II26S15bullbullbullbull 102Ado ArarUocllfllli 40 Il2(l8ltl tlJL ~ tI1I~s sOllth of lInOI on lB (l my slIndy ciIlY 0-15 inCh~S I 2 No 81 11208li IOIA I do bull bullbull Abi811lcatu8 100 1126800 lIO ) 11 mil~s w~sL of Surr~y on U jAghtmiddothrawn cloy loRm 1020 0

s NO2 hwhes I1l2CsOibullbullbull UOA bull do 111111111(111 bull 1730

13~gts)5 122 middot12 mll~s~ollth or W~sthnpc 011 1I~hlmiddotbr()1I1I Cloy loam IO~20middot 2 I l S No 83 IlIche~

R2OS0rbullbullbullbull 122 bull I _10 11JfclllatuJ 23iO I12OS0i 1221l do 1Wlllt~r rye 3-10 incllf~S tull bullbullbull I 40

I withIn a flct of soli I D2OS0S 121 bull I 52I1 I1(SIOlltl or (middotsthop~ 011 Ilrown 1011111 0middot10 hlch~s 2middot I

I S ~uS3 I1I2r~l1) bull 12IA I bull10 11~llc(Ii 250 B2GlOO 12middot j S 1IIi1(S north 01 Surwy Oil ron1 BrowlI slit loam 0-10 Inchmiddots 4 ~

bull to middotlls(middotth

Jl2()OOI 12U t do 1IJwlclltlls I 1liOJl2tJooL bull j 127bull 1 2 1I1111S lIorth of olsmiddottll ull iUrI II SilL 1011111 ()IO inch~s I

road to Inxlmss I fJI2r00~middotmiddot 1127A do co middot1 IhI~llrtlIJ I~ooJ alllljt wheut Imiddot~ Inrlws lall~~I~~I 12iH

-- ____ _______ ______-__~_ _~e ~_ _~~

I 111111 lIOrth ~rT~~~I bull 1I~rlIn (hl~middotlnlII ()11 rU(hl 00 do f 1 J1frlIItlfl~

1~lIrs 1~l)rtl of Williston OJI IIrouloamIJmiddot1O inrhes 1I 1lt ~o S

Bf~il 2 do bull I t perlilalM J middot1501l21mL 1 tI milt lIorth I)r Williston 011 )IJOI Ishhrown (IIIY ImBu ()I~ j ( f No iii in~hls i ltlft bull 1ruQIJ1I8 $P 00 20 Hilt~ 110rth of Willision 011 Clrl)I~hmiddothrowlllolln 0middotmiddot10 il1l1l1~ 8I l S No ~r

1l2rrIr -IA do bull bull t 1)(111101111 1lro1I261j3i ~ Ii 2 Ulll~ nonh or ~~tlhJ on r s Y(middotlIow~hmiddothrowll 1UIl IJ ItJ 0 ~() iJ I IlIch(s

do bull t (tiIlIlIIIS JCJ20m~1i ~~ 1111( louth of (Inmiddotnom on i Brown lIraqmiddotfly )nII11 11111 middot1rOlltl to ( S 1)2 illdwF

1120052 12 do bull 1 ]Jrrtilllllut 1201l~1r1 I 11 lIlilrs south r ClnlI1r 011 rl~htmiddotllInwlll()tllI1l IOilwhp -1

ro I to ( S No2 112f(gt 11 do I 1(riiluIIM 1 Sf(HGG1ii ~ JI ~mUrlmrlilof l S ~llll rOIlt1 IlghthrnwllrmnJ 12 r(j bull j

tu nfllIon Il2lltlili 11 dl) 1 Wrtiwllu 2310RtflHri ~ 1~ Ii II1llr~ ~SL of 111$111 1111 (111~lIInttllJ rhy 0 III llUII1

mill to 1lt11I~h f nrl (middotull bull Jl2r~1~ IiA t 1)0 lt t llrlllaill 1201l~IlOl Iii IIi IIlIIIs rlst of 11111011 (III (lrayihmiddotgtrnllll rhy loam n lit 10

rnI to S111 Ish imIHS~Jl21fr() 111 do I

bull 1JWillrtIItS lrOIl2liiliL 17 Ul~ mll~~ s()Illh uf IWIrrk rJuht-hrCJWH -hy lUtnt 2 2~i 0

(Nbull1l21i1jj2 17 bull to t IJlrIiIHliU 520

12 TECHNICAL BULLE1IN 050 J U S DEPI OF AGHICULTUHEl

1ABIB l-Seleniwn cmllent of soils 1IIincral~ and vegetation from North Dakola-Oontinucd

WILLIAMS COtfNlY-CouUuu~d ----r-----------------~--~-- bull Seleulum lu-

Lnbornmiddot 1loltl PIneo of collection llncrhll Solitory No No nntl ~gcmiddot

mitll)r tnUou 11 Is

1 I I II I IPlmiddotIIII]l11IB20001 IS 11m Csou I Orr~JlP n~ bullbull (1rlly s tIotun 0-10 noh~s H2IKUH bullbullbullbull ISA do A WCtiIlIlIIlS bullbull I middotIIM)B2GUIl5 10 1 mll~ northwest of SprIng (1 ruylshmiddotbrowlI cll~ IOUIlI 0middot10 bull j

Hrook Oil Wl~ to A limo IlIchmiddot~ B266flll bullbullbull 10 dL bull 1 pcrlillnI1l8 1 jllllu2orm 2IL lumlhsuorthofllJlrlngllrook Glaylshmiddotbrown slit IOilm 0-10 14 bullbullbullbullbull

I Oil rOlltl to Alomo IIIchrlS H20flllS 20 bullbullbull T 10 ApeellwlllL bullbullbullbull 3210 B2662 22 5 miles north of pplng llll C1rn~middotlshmiddothro1l l1I1 lo(tm 0-10 I 1

bull2 bullbull rOll(oltO (rosby _ bull Inlll($ IR2CJ67a bull _ _ it peeliIIIII1 __ 1middottI~) B20tl 2~n bull do bull YOIIII~ whlat a lrHh~s wll as B260j5 21 _bullbullbullbull IS millS north or Epplllg on (llllylshmiddothrown slit 10lm 0middot10 6 --

ro1(1 to (roshy Irwhl5 1 B2tlOiObullbullbullbull 21 do A realllIII bullbullbull -- bull 1610__ t D21l0SU 30 11 millS ~ollth of i1(rn~l on Brown slit 1011111010 Inclws 2 1 t rond to UIIB2CJ600bullbullbullbull ao bullbullbull1(0 bull tl)((III 2120 U2liPI 30B do Inhr rl Ii liwhl~ tull 1__ 2()H~1i(j92 1 Xorth ed~l of Htty Ornylshmiddotbrown slit 101111 0middot10 I

ImmiddotllImiddotg 1 B206P~1 alA bull rIo 1 perIIIIIII 3000 B2rOOL bull 12 ~~ mill north of 1iu)tl on Stall I (irnvmiddotmot llNI rIllY ro2lnrllls 12

UOHI 10 I I U2lIi91bullbullbullbull l2A bulllo 1)middotrhlllll~ II~l 1326600 13 112 mlltmiddots north of Tlnga 011 (Jrayl~hmiddothrown (Iy 0middot12 hWhl$ t 6

ll26t19j aaA ___ I 8t~t~lHOl( Ill i 1 IislIcllluf1 L I 1111 1121i21 middot10 _ 0~1 rnl1~fi sOIlIlIla~1 of Hay on llvlllmiddothrnwH slit lOflin 010 I 12 I

roMI to 1IlITlIlIII ltwh[s U26i27__ 40A do bull t perfllII 2liSO bulln2ui2S rgtll bullbull alj rnlh~ lIorth 01 f1nfTIIII1I1 1111 1lllhtmiddotbruwn ~iIt 10)111 0--10 Smiddot

rond to 1middotloVmiddotI lllrhr~ I U20j20 roA elil I 1 Jlrrlwl1~ aIIO 1320no l50 IH~ rnllr~ nmlh of IInfThlllll IlH ilnrkmiddothrnwll sm ionm 0-10 2j l

road toTlo illllIlt I 1J2ili31 110 _ 1Iltlhrown 5111 loam 10middot10 n Imiddot middotmiddot

iIlChlq I BZOj3Z [I) 1 ]1(([ jlqlN bull 2 OliO UZGi3L 10 YOlln wh[tj i Inrh (III

i -tn

DISCUSSIOX OJ DAIA BY COUNTlI~S

The pnIt of 13ottilHllll COllllty in which indicator plnnts WCI( obscrvcd is l1Imiddotgply in tile 1t(lIstriIH IllPIt fOIlllClly (OIClt1 by th watltIs of glacial Lnkt SOlllis On Inrg( tlJeas in thp (ounty IlCitllCl AstlashygaZ1ls Jlecti71(lt~ls not A bi81dc(ltu~ WHS ObS(ITNJ flncl in these HINIS no soil snmplcs weJ( lnke-n lhilty-fivp snmplps of soil find ytgllntion WCle (ollcct(( nt 14 locations file j 5 Sam pItS of soil rnnged in sehlliull1 (ontpnt from OG to 4 p p m J WhtINIS the 11 sl1mp(s of A bisulcatU8 and 2 s1unple-s of t pectinau8 1middotllngNI from 270 to 4400 p p m Tht stl(lIium conl(nl of llH 7 snmplts of yOllng whetLt (132G888 B2(iS()3 132GO 14 B2()()17 B2G()2f) B2G)2R I1nd B2G()H) WitS ()o 8 140 GO GO 60 and 70 p p mImiddot(splctivlly Ilnd indientes the distinet possibility 01 toxic Y(gelation or ordinalY food 01 fornge type

SflInplrs W(I( co llldccl nt 10 o(ltions in BlI1kc County Till soils bull valied in srleniul1l (ont(lIt Jron1 1 to 1G p p m A soil (B2(fi42) collcctcd_20milcs north of Powers Lake contnincd 12 p p Ill of

SELBNIUM OCCURReNCE IN SOILS SEVgNrH REPOH 13

bull SOi(Ilitlm tho A8tta(al~~8 1Jectinat1l8 (B26743) glowing in it contained 1870 p p m and n smnpll of youug WhNtt (pound26144) growing within a few feet of it contained 30 p p m

In Dividclt County tho indicator plants wpre spotty in OC(middotUIlmiddotCllCC All samplcs of soil weIll d(ltiv(d f1om glaeinl drift Thirty-three samp1es of soil and vegctation lIe collcetNI at 16 loelltions rho soils ranged in selcnium contollL 1lom 01 to 12 p p m and the species of A8tragalu8 from 160 p p m jn a sumple thought to be A bisulcatus (B2G644) to It maxilllum of 4740 p p m in a sample (B26682) of it pectinatu8 N eUl a sUlhplo of soil (B26669) eontaining 06 p p m of seleniunl a tomph of young wh(at (B2G67l) WitS found to contain 20 p p m Itnd A pectinatu8 (B26670) ]780 p p m It wns the on1y Astragalus obselyed for n distance of mOLC thnn 20 miles north of AhLmo

Fourtecn stlmp1ts WC1( eollected for selenium nnnlysis in )lcH(llry Oounty in the al(a north of a line lunning ItPPloximlltcly from Minot soutbcmt to V(lva and thellnorth(ltst to Hugby (1) fOlm(rly covNcd by a glnciallakc Foul of tbe fiye IpClLtions W(IC in (his lacllstrine area and indict~tol plnnts W(Ln of (ommon OCClllJcnec WllllCaS in the h ighcl roughly lolling arNL to the south only onc tlsirllJalu8 bi8uicatus (B26862) WitS obsery(d It cOJltuilHd 1980 p p m of Sll(l1illm Itnd the sil (B26860) in whieh it gLew 16 p p m YOlln~ whcnt (820861) growlIlg ILbout 20 f(et (ast of the ASil(ljaiu8 (onbulled a5 p p m and the soil brnelLtiL it (B26859) 1 p p m In llw 1lt(lIsllin( nlltlt 2 miles etlst of D(elillg (ftWC W(I( ohs(1vl(1 with symptoms of (hlollie selenium poisoning (fig 1) A sflmplc of soil (B26902) (olllCtr( IIrarby

bull

FWllfIol l-AppcnrtWCt of Illlillllli wif h 11 chrOlli CIl( of mild ~iI(llilllll JloisclIIingbull iJclIcIlIY Coullty X Dllk

14 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPrr OF AGRICULTURE

had a selenium content of 14 p p lll and a sample of mbed grasses (B26903) OIl which the animals were feeding contained 70 p p m A sample of A bisulcatus (B26904) collected in a ditch just outside the pasture contained 2030 p p m bull

The soils of McLean County arn varied The breaks to the MisshysOUli River cut deeply into the county The Fort Union formation is exposed along tilCse brlaks hut only at two locations were indicator plants obslred growing in 1l1atlrinl of obvious Fort Union origin Thirty-one samplls of soil und vegetativl were examiIlrcl The 15 soils rangrd in selrnium content from 04 to 2 p p m A sample of Astragalus calyoCa1pllS Kcl (B2G773) collected 3 miks lfiSt of Elboshywoods in the Missouri Hivll alluvium contidned 120 p p m of selenium and the soil (B26772) in wbieh it gltw 08 p p m Another sample of this species of AstrclgaZlls was frllnd growing lllar an A bisulcatus plant Thr A bisulcaius (B26857) containecl2620 p p m of selenium whereas in the A caryoca1pus (B26858) the content was only 30 p p m

Fifty-two samples of soil and vrgetation were colllctecl at 25 locashytions i1l1Iountlnil County The 23 snmples of soils ranged in selenium content from 04 to 8 p p m The 22 samples of Astragalus pectinatlls ranged from 190 to 3720 p p m Samples B26785 to B26700 inshyelusive were coHeetNL on the farm of A L EdwalCls 10 miles northshywest of Plaza A soil sample (B26783) taken from his pastme conshytained 08 p p m of selenium A number of ph-LIlts of A pectinatlls (B26786) growing on and nearby the soil sample had a selCnium conshytent of 3600 p p m A sample of mixed grasses gll1zed from among these Astragaius plants contained 130 p p m A sample of oats from the barn containefl 7 p p m of oat tlllsh 30 p p m and of barley 2 p p m Chronic selenium poisoning in animals on the bullA L Edwards farm caused the sloughillg off of deformed hoofs and the loss of the switch flom the tail In spite of abundant fe(l(l pigs and cattle afIlicted with selenium POisoiling on that farm made poor progress (fig 2)

The Souris River CMou)le River on some maps) flows southeastward across Renville County 1Iuch of the termin of the county is Tough owing to the eroded breaks to this stream Selenium illdientor plants were observed only on the gently rolling plains away from the stream 011 these plains 20 samples of soil and vegetation were colI(cted at 9 locations The 9 soil samples ranged in selenium content from 02 to 2 p p m and 7 samples of Astlagalus bisulcatus mngcd from 110 to 1520 p p m Two locations are intel(sting because of the high selenium content of the young WIHnt found on tlwm 011 It sample of soil (B26874) containing 16 p p m of sdenium It sample of A bisulcatus (B26875) was found to ontnin 1))20 p p m nnd a snmple of young wheat (B26876) collected within 4 feet of the soil contained 130 p p m A surface soil sample (1326870) taken 5 miles north of Mohall contained 2 p p Ill A bisulcatus (1326880) growing in the soil 1280 p p m and young wheat (1326881) growing 15 to 18 fept from the soil sample 80 p p rn

A sample of Astragalus bisulc(lt1l8 found in road cut 4 miles east of Mercer in Sheridan County contained 620 p p m of selenium and the soil in which it grew 08 p p m No other indicator plants were observed in the county bull

SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT 15

bull If

bull FIGURE 2-Runt calf and othcrs of about the same age afflicted with selenium

poisoning on the farm of A L Edwards Mountrail COllnty X Dak

Forty-eight samples of soil and vegetation were coUected at 21 locations in Ward Oounty The 21 samples of soil ranged in selenium content from 02 to 3 p p m Eleven samples of 11strcLgalus 1Jectinatus contained from 140 to 3190 p p m and 7 samples of A bisulcatus ranged frem 80 to 1730 p p m A sample of young winter rye (B26815) containing 15 p p m of selenium was found growing on a soil (B26814) with a selenium content of 08 p p m Also at a point 3 miles south of Deslacs on a soil (B26825) containing 06 p p m a sample of young winter lye (B26836) contained 30 p p m No inshydicator plants were observed in the vicinity of these rye samples fhe selenium in these soils appears to be leaJily available for plants A soil sample (B26839) collected 4 miles north of Douglas contnined 04 p p m of selenium A pectinatus (B26840) growin~ in the soil 2280 p p m and a sample of Astragalus (B26841) too Immature to identify the species growing nearby 90 p p m Tluee miles north of this location cattle were observed that had lost the switch from theil

bull tails (fig 3)

Fifty samples of soil and vegetation were collected in Williams Oounty The 24 samples of soil ranged in selenium content from 04 to 8 p p m The 21 samples of Astragalus pectinatus contained from

Ii I i ~I 1 I J 1 i t

bull

bull I

Itt

lLtd j j ~ 1 ~ J rmiddot I ~ -I ~ r ~dlttdi

1 1 tti

tf ti 1 I

T 1~ 1

Ill )n bull~ f ~

fI I I ~ fbull I ~

B_l j -I

bullI I - I ) ~ ~ 1

bull it~middot o[ olth l)ulwtn tht litPI~ 11( tld 0 (oll ~tlltpl of Il1Ilprin I frolll t Ill IOlr pUI1 () I I hI PiPIT( fOrll111 I in 11 I1l1d frolll t Ill II P[Itt

pllrl of liltmiddot iollulH forllllltioll ill (anlill (OIlIlY Till Illlit of tll( Hllltij of llll l l1l11pl(middot 111[ inmiddot ill 1111gt11 I Tiltmiddot li)2llt HIlpll~ or tnl(middot (oJluilld frollt 1-1 n lli p p Ill of (IImiddotlJilllll tJllplt or

bull

Ft HI 1 11111 middoti Iriit~ jmiddotifmiddotj FI t 11 (111111 Ial lI mlHid iifllH~ ( n I)ai-

bull bull 1lmItIIf 1~~lil[7 (ldlplmiddotI(middotd ill tilt nhlllldolld jill Ill tIl flltl BJilk TiI(middot (middotIl (OIl I lillIId til11 II p III If (middot1)11111 TIll pUlllt II oJ[t(ld lady III t hI [lllll~ awl 1 lh 11111111 too 111111111111 tn )( idlmiddotlltifbmiddotd u tn pI1 1111 IIIOjJ intllll HIIlP- n Iho (middot ohtltilllllnt thl fOl1l11 Ilrklll~ Ill tII oltl11i (tIIlII Plt~llr

~lI-I-3

18 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

Co 2 mills southw(st of COIlCIph Thls( sUlllpks (B26420 to B26425 illclusiyl) WlIP (ollrrtld at thp junetion of lIll PitIIP and Niobmm fOlmutions (1) Tht limollitp In)poundgt I (B26422) fOlllwd till jU11etion bltwlln the two fOlluntions lind conlllilwd 34 p p 111 o( slll1iulll TIll PitITt shuh (B26421) imllllltiiutlly IIbo( I Ill juncshytion (ontttillPd 32 p p Ill ulld tht XioiJrllnt nodul( (B2(j42~) jut bllow til( limollih IUytI hnd tl SlhlIiulll (olltrnl of 3f3 p p m Till tt(lI1Hnl Iolk of tI( Xiobmm (1326424) ontuillPti 14 p p Ill

ThlsP ullalysts UIt of sppeinl inl (lst bNUUSP t IHY gl(ntiy (xttlld til kllown arpu in whi(h Iht UPPCI pnrt of the Xiolmllu formution tMld til( lowlr part of till Pi(rll fonnntioll (onlnin Illrg( qllulltiti(s of splenilim Thl 10wPI pnr of thl- PiPITl fOllnntioll hns blln 1(shy

porhd to (ontain flOIll 10 to 20 p p m in Logtlll County Knns (7)8 to 31 p p m in HnrInll COllllty Xlbr laquo(1)45 p p m in Inllktoll County S Dnk (211 itlld 21 p p m ill XioblllllL CounLT Wyo (21) TIll uppeI part of tlH Xiohrnm forlllntion (ontuins similal qUllntitics ca 721)

YIl(n one (onsidlrs lhllL it is IIpploxillllltlly 800 mil(s from T~ognn County KaliS to Cantlill County X Dllk it is lx(lNlingly difficult to conel-in that n ginn holi70n ill n spltiil1Hntnry fOlllllltioll (ould be 0 uniformly high in StlplliuIn (ontpllt thloughout flO gnnt tlll illPlt

Ylt it nppNUfl to bt tIUP 101 llIyIHI( that tltis jUlwtion has bl(11 pXllmilwd till splpllium (ontpllt hus I)((n from 10 to 30 p P m

GENERAL DISCUSSION

Thrf( hundlNI nnd bC n ty-foll I snmplls of floilsmirwrnlfl Illld vpgctntion 1( (olp(ltd nt 143 IO(nlious in XOIth Dnkolil The s(IPniulIl (ontrnl of tht lii4 Sillllpips of soil IIlnglcl from Ol to S bullp p 111 Ihl 91 gnmpipg of 1~1i(tfl(fll1lti pec(ilwl1l8 mngld fr(lln 140 10 40 p p m Thirt-nilH illlllpll of 1 bimlculllll (olltnimd from 70 to 4400 p p Ill Ill( 2U slImplls of young bnli(~ 1)( and wlllnL plnnts rnn(d ill wl(llilll11 (ontp111 110111 S to 140 p p Ill

TI(middot spl(niulll (ont(nl of til( -pgltntion i hih nlthollh th soils 1111 nol 1IIllluitll spllniflrolls At 1tIll ()JlP Ipuson for this npPlllPII diIHImiddotit lips in til( (illJ( of tlIP YPU thul the slllnplcs (1( (ollt(t(-d This SUlTt nlS mud during thl Inttll hill of ~rHY llPn llH bull I8lruo Ill gtInnt and smull glltin- (IP only a fl ill(h(~ high

It is to 1)( Ixptlttpd thnt till (1I1i spring growth of wgltntioll Oltld 1)( higlIPr Ullin IIlntlll( plnnls in spl(nium (olltpnL 10 illusshytrnlp n Sillllph of ~IslfI(flls ra((-IlJ~IlS (olllIl(middotd in LYmnn (OUllty S Dnkbull Oil ~lllr n 1l1X (()lIlnirwd 2O()() p p Ill Slllllplps from (hI ~1I11( plnllt itowtd n sphllium (OIl[(1I1 of tlO p p Ill Oil July I(i nnd (jW p p Ill Oil ~Ulht 2D of til nnlP ylill (J~I 011 lIl1lplp or yOIlIlg ilplIt OWII ill yolllillg (()ntnilHd middot1) p p III 11ltIIn llll IlInllll( glnill flOJ)) til nmt plot (olltnimd 0111 2 p p iiI ifll Til likp IlHlIlIHI (Olll snmplp- of Young tWllt (ol((tt( ill IIll firt Plk of fulllin (nllnda silopd n SlI(lIiul1l (Olltlllt of ~() to middot10 p p 111 lfll nmiddott Ill (OIIlIlWI(middotinl whpllt of this IllPt( liS l11)JPPIII(d by 2W colllpositps of 22~O lll1pl(middots is Ipporipd to llll 1 slIIlliulll (011shy(Pill of I) p p Ill OJ Ipss (tri Titpsp dUll 011 wilpat in (Hnndn HI( bull

SELBNIUM OCCURReNCE IN SOILS SEVgNrH REPOH 13

bull SOi(Ilitlm tho A8tta(al~~8 1Jectinat1l8 (B26743) glowing in it contained 1870 p p m and n smnpll of youug WhNtt (pound26144) growing within a few feet of it contained 30 p p m

In Dividclt County tho indicator plants wpre spotty in OC(middotUIlmiddotCllCC All samplcs of soil weIll d(ltiv(d f1om glaeinl drift Thirty-three samp1es of soil and vegctation lIe collcetNI at 16 loelltions rho soils ranged in selcnium contollL 1lom 01 to 12 p p m and the species of A8tragalu8 from 160 p p m jn a sumple thought to be A bisulcatus (B2G644) to It maxilllum of 4740 p p m in a sample (B26682) of it pectinatu8 N eUl a sUlhplo of soil (B26669) eontaining 06 p p m of seleniunl a tomph of young wh(at (B2G67l) WitS found to contain 20 p p m Itnd A pectinatu8 (B26670) ]780 p p m It wns the on1y Astragalus obselyed for n distance of mOLC thnn 20 miles north of AhLmo

Fourtecn stlmp1ts WC1( eollected for selenium nnnlysis in )lcH(llry Oounty in the al(a north of a line lunning ItPPloximlltcly from Minot soutbcmt to V(lva and thellnorth(ltst to Hugby (1) fOlm(rly covNcd by a glnciallakc Foul of tbe fiye IpClLtions W(IC in (his lacllstrine area and indict~tol plnnts W(Ln of (ommon OCClllJcnec WllllCaS in the h ighcl roughly lolling arNL to the south only onc tlsirllJalu8 bi8uicatus (B26862) WitS obsery(d It cOJltuilHd 1980 p p m of Sll(l1illm Itnd the sil (B26860) in whieh it gLew 16 p p m YOlln~ whcnt (820861) growlIlg ILbout 20 f(et (ast of the ASil(ljaiu8 (onbulled a5 p p m and the soil brnelLtiL it (B26859) 1 p p m In llw 1lt(lIsllin( nlltlt 2 miles etlst of D(elillg (ftWC W(I( ohs(1vl(1 with symptoms of (hlollie selenium poisoning (fig 1) A sflmplc of soil (B26902) (olllCtr( IIrarby

bull

FWllfIol l-AppcnrtWCt of Illlillllli wif h 11 chrOlli CIl( of mild ~iI(llilllll JloisclIIingbull iJclIcIlIY Coullty X Dllk

14 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPrr OF AGRICULTURE

had a selenium content of 14 p p lll and a sample of mbed grasses (B26903) OIl which the animals were feeding contained 70 p p m A sample of A bisulcatus (B26904) collected in a ditch just outside the pasture contained 2030 p p m bull

The soils of McLean County arn varied The breaks to the MisshysOUli River cut deeply into the county The Fort Union formation is exposed along tilCse brlaks hut only at two locations were indicator plants obslred growing in 1l1atlrinl of obvious Fort Union origin Thirty-one samplls of soil und vegetativl were examiIlrcl The 15 soils rangrd in selrnium content from 04 to 2 p p m A sample of Astragalus calyoCa1pllS Kcl (B2G773) collected 3 miks lfiSt of Elboshywoods in the Missouri Hivll alluvium contidned 120 p p m of selenium and the soil (B26772) in wbieh it gltw 08 p p m Another sample of this species of AstrclgaZlls was frllnd growing lllar an A bisulcatus plant Thr A bisulcaius (B26857) containecl2620 p p m of selenium whereas in the A caryoca1pus (B26858) the content was only 30 p p m

Fifty-two samples of soil and vrgetation were colllctecl at 25 locashytions i1l1Iountlnil County The 23 snmples of soils ranged in selenium content from 04 to 8 p p m The 22 samples of Astragalus pectinatlls ranged from 190 to 3720 p p m Samples B26785 to B26700 inshyelusive were coHeetNL on the farm of A L EdwalCls 10 miles northshywest of Plaza A soil sample (B26783) taken from his pastme conshytained 08 p p m of selenium A number of ph-LIlts of A pectinatlls (B26786) growing on and nearby the soil sample had a selCnium conshytent of 3600 p p m A sample of mixed grasses gll1zed from among these Astragaius plants contained 130 p p m A sample of oats from the barn containefl 7 p p m of oat tlllsh 30 p p m and of barley 2 p p m Chronic selenium poisoning in animals on the bullA L Edwards farm caused the sloughillg off of deformed hoofs and the loss of the switch flom the tail In spite of abundant fe(l(l pigs and cattle afIlicted with selenium POisoiling on that farm made poor progress (fig 2)

The Souris River CMou)le River on some maps) flows southeastward across Renville County 1Iuch of the termin of the county is Tough owing to the eroded breaks to this stream Selenium illdientor plants were observed only on the gently rolling plains away from the stream 011 these plains 20 samples of soil and vegetation were colI(cted at 9 locations The 9 soil samples ranged in selenium content from 02 to 2 p p m and 7 samples of Astlagalus bisulcatus mngcd from 110 to 1520 p p m Two locations are intel(sting because of the high selenium content of the young WIHnt found on tlwm 011 It sample of soil (B26874) containing 16 p p m of sdenium It sample of A bisulcatus (B26875) was found to ontnin 1))20 p p m nnd a snmple of young wheat (B26876) collected within 4 feet of the soil contained 130 p p m A surface soil sample (1326870) taken 5 miles north of Mohall contained 2 p p Ill A bisulcatus (1326880) growing in the soil 1280 p p m and young wheat (1326881) growing 15 to 18 fept from the soil sample 80 p p rn

A sample of Astragalus bisulc(lt1l8 found in road cut 4 miles east of Mercer in Sheridan County contained 620 p p m of selenium and the soil in which it grew 08 p p m No other indicator plants were observed in the county bull

SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT 15

bull If

bull FIGURE 2-Runt calf and othcrs of about the same age afflicted with selenium

poisoning on the farm of A L Edwards Mountrail COllnty X Dak

Forty-eight samples of soil and vegetation were coUected at 21 locations in Ward Oounty The 21 samples of soil ranged in selenium content from 02 to 3 p p m Eleven samples of 11strcLgalus 1Jectinatus contained from 140 to 3190 p p m and 7 samples of A bisulcatus ranged frem 80 to 1730 p p m A sample of young winter rye (B26815) containing 15 p p m of selenium was found growing on a soil (B26814) with a selenium content of 08 p p m Also at a point 3 miles south of Deslacs on a soil (B26825) containing 06 p p m a sample of young winter lye (B26836) contained 30 p p m No inshydicator plants were observed in the vicinity of these rye samples fhe selenium in these soils appears to be leaJily available for plants A soil sample (B26839) collected 4 miles north of Douglas contnined 04 p p m of selenium A pectinatus (B26840) growin~ in the soil 2280 p p m and a sample of Astragalus (B26841) too Immature to identify the species growing nearby 90 p p m Tluee miles north of this location cattle were observed that had lost the switch from theil

bull tails (fig 3)

Fifty samples of soil and vegetation were collected in Williams Oounty The 24 samples of soil ranged in selenium content from 04 to 8 p p m The 21 samples of Astragalus pectinatus contained from

Ii I i ~I 1 I J 1 i t

bull

bull I

Itt

lLtd j j ~ 1 ~ J rmiddot I ~ -I ~ r ~dlttdi

1 1 tti

tf ti 1 I

T 1~ 1

Ill )n bull~ f ~

fI I I ~ fbull I ~

B_l j -I

bullI I - I ) ~ ~ 1

bull it~middot o[ olth l)ulwtn tht litPI~ 11( tld 0 (oll ~tlltpl of Il1Ilprin I frolll t Ill IOlr pUI1 () I I hI PiPIT( fOrll111 I in 11 I1l1d frolll t Ill II P[Itt

pllrl of liltmiddot iollulH forllllltioll ill (anlill (OIlIlY Till Illlit of tll( Hllltij of llll l l1l11pl(middot 111[ inmiddot ill 1111gt11 I Tiltmiddot li)2llt HIlpll~ or tnl(middot (oJluilld frollt 1-1 n lli p p Ill of (IImiddotlJilllll tJllplt or

bull

Ft HI 1 11111 middoti Iriit~ jmiddotifmiddotj FI t 11 (111111 Ial lI mlHid iifllH~ ( n I)ai-

bull bull 1lmItIIf 1~~lil[7 (ldlplmiddotI(middotd ill tilt nhlllldolld jill Ill tIl flltl BJilk TiI(middot (middotIl (OIl I lillIId til11 II p III If (middot1)11111 TIll pUlllt II oJ[t(ld lady III t hI [lllll~ awl 1 lh 11111111 too 111111111111 tn )( idlmiddotlltifbmiddotd u tn pI1 1111 IIIOjJ intllll HIIlP- n Iho (middot ohtltilllllnt thl fOl1l11 Ilrklll~ Ill tII oltl11i (tIIlII Plt~llr

~lI-I-3

18 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

Co 2 mills southw(st of COIlCIph Thls( sUlllpks (B26420 to B26425 illclusiyl) WlIP (ollrrtld at thp junetion of lIll PitIIP and Niobmm fOlmutions (1) Tht limollitp In)poundgt I (B26422) fOlllwd till jU11etion bltwlln the two fOlluntions lind conlllilwd 34 p p 111 o( slll1iulll TIll PitITt shuh (B26421) imllllltiiutlly IIbo( I Ill juncshytion (ontttillPd 32 p p Ill ulld tht XioiJrllnt nodul( (B2(j42~) jut bllow til( limollih IUytI hnd tl SlhlIiulll (olltrnl of 3f3 p p m Till tt(lI1Hnl Iolk of tI( Xiobmm (1326424) ontuillPti 14 p p Ill

ThlsP ullalysts UIt of sppeinl inl (lst bNUUSP t IHY gl(ntiy (xttlld til kllown arpu in whi(h Iht UPPCI pnrt of the Xiolmllu formution tMld til( lowlr part of till Pi(rll fonnntioll (onlnin Illrg( qllulltiti(s of splenilim Thl 10wPI pnr of thl- PiPITl fOllnntioll hns blln 1(shy

porhd to (ontain flOIll 10 to 20 p p m in Logtlll County Knns (7)8 to 31 p p m in HnrInll COllllty Xlbr laquo(1)45 p p m in Inllktoll County S Dnk (211 itlld 21 p p m ill XioblllllL CounLT Wyo (21) TIll uppeI part of tlH Xiohrnm forlllntion (ontuins similal qUllntitics ca 721)

YIl(n one (onsidlrs lhllL it is IIpploxillllltlly 800 mil(s from T~ognn County KaliS to Cantlill County X Dllk it is lx(lNlingly difficult to conel-in that n ginn holi70n ill n spltiil1Hntnry fOlllllltioll (ould be 0 uniformly high in StlplliuIn (ontpllt thloughout flO gnnt tlll illPlt

Ylt it nppNUfl to bt tIUP 101 llIyIHI( that tltis jUlwtion has bl(11 pXllmilwd till splpllium (ontpllt hus I)((n from 10 to 30 p P m

GENERAL DISCUSSION

Thrf( hundlNI nnd bC n ty-foll I snmplls of floilsmirwrnlfl Illld vpgctntion 1( (olp(ltd nt 143 IO(nlious in XOIth Dnkolil The s(IPniulIl (ontrnl of tht lii4 Sillllpips of soil IIlnglcl from Ol to S bullp p 111 Ihl 91 gnmpipg of 1~1i(tfl(fll1lti pec(ilwl1l8 mngld fr(lln 140 10 40 p p m Thirt-nilH illlllpll of 1 bimlculllll (olltnimd from 70 to 4400 p p Ill Ill( 2U slImplls of young bnli(~ 1)( and wlllnL plnnts rnn(d ill wl(llilll11 (ontp111 110111 S to 140 p p Ill

TI(middot spl(niulll (ont(nl of til( -pgltntion i hih nlthollh th soils 1111 nol 1IIllluitll spllniflrolls At 1tIll ()JlP Ipuson for this npPlllPII diIHImiddotit lips in til( (illJ( of tlIP YPU thul the slllnplcs (1( (ollt(t(-d This SUlTt nlS mud during thl Inttll hill of ~rHY llPn llH bull I8lruo Ill gtInnt and smull glltin- (IP only a fl ill(h(~ high

It is to 1)( Ixptlttpd thnt till (1I1i spring growth of wgltntioll Oltld 1)( higlIPr Ullin IIlntlll( plnnls in spl(nium (olltpnL 10 illusshytrnlp n Sillllph of ~IslfI(flls ra((-IlJ~IlS (olllIl(middotd in LYmnn (OUllty S Dnkbull Oil ~lllr n 1l1X (()lIlnirwd 2O()() p p Ill Slllllplps from (hI ~1I11( plnllt itowtd n sphllium (OIl[(1I1 of tlO p p Ill Oil July I(i nnd (jW p p Ill Oil ~Ulht 2D of til nnlP ylill (J~I 011 lIl1lplp or yOIlIlg ilplIt OWII ill yolllillg (()ntnilHd middot1) p p III 11ltIIn llll IlInllll( glnill flOJ)) til nmt plot (olltnimd 0111 2 p p iiI ifll Til likp IlHlIlIHI (Olll snmplp- of Young tWllt (ol((tt( ill IIll firt Plk of fulllin (nllnda silopd n SlI(lIiul1l (Olltlllt of ~() to middot10 p p 111 lfll nmiddott Ill (OIIlIlWI(middotinl whpllt of this IllPt( liS l11)JPPIII(d by 2W colllpositps of 22~O lll1pl(middots is Ipporipd to llll 1 slIIlliulll (011shy(Pill of I) p p Ill OJ Ipss (tri Titpsp dUll 011 wilpat in (Hnndn HI( bull

14 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPrr OF AGRICULTURE

had a selenium content of 14 p p lll and a sample of mbed grasses (B26903) OIl which the animals were feeding contained 70 p p m A sample of A bisulcatus (B26904) collected in a ditch just outside the pasture contained 2030 p p m bull

The soils of McLean County arn varied The breaks to the MisshysOUli River cut deeply into the county The Fort Union formation is exposed along tilCse brlaks hut only at two locations were indicator plants obslred growing in 1l1atlrinl of obvious Fort Union origin Thirty-one samplls of soil und vegetativl were examiIlrcl The 15 soils rangrd in selrnium content from 04 to 2 p p m A sample of Astragalus calyoCa1pllS Kcl (B2G773) collected 3 miks lfiSt of Elboshywoods in the Missouri Hivll alluvium contidned 120 p p m of selenium and the soil (B26772) in wbieh it gltw 08 p p m Another sample of this species of AstrclgaZlls was frllnd growing lllar an A bisulcatus plant Thr A bisulcaius (B26857) containecl2620 p p m of selenium whereas in the A caryoca1pus (B26858) the content was only 30 p p m

Fifty-two samples of soil and vrgetation were colllctecl at 25 locashytions i1l1Iountlnil County The 23 snmples of soils ranged in selenium content from 04 to 8 p p m The 22 samples of Astragalus pectinatlls ranged from 190 to 3720 p p m Samples B26785 to B26700 inshyelusive were coHeetNL on the farm of A L EdwalCls 10 miles northshywest of Plaza A soil sample (B26783) taken from his pastme conshytained 08 p p m of selenium A number of ph-LIlts of A pectinatlls (B26786) growing on and nearby the soil sample had a selCnium conshytent of 3600 p p m A sample of mixed grasses gll1zed from among these Astragaius plants contained 130 p p m A sample of oats from the barn containefl 7 p p m of oat tlllsh 30 p p m and of barley 2 p p m Chronic selenium poisoning in animals on the bullA L Edwards farm caused the sloughillg off of deformed hoofs and the loss of the switch flom the tail In spite of abundant fe(l(l pigs and cattle afIlicted with selenium POisoiling on that farm made poor progress (fig 2)

The Souris River CMou)le River on some maps) flows southeastward across Renville County 1Iuch of the termin of the county is Tough owing to the eroded breaks to this stream Selenium illdientor plants were observed only on the gently rolling plains away from the stream 011 these plains 20 samples of soil and vegetation were colI(cted at 9 locations The 9 soil samples ranged in selenium content from 02 to 2 p p m and 7 samples of Astlagalus bisulcatus mngcd from 110 to 1520 p p m Two locations are intel(sting because of the high selenium content of the young WIHnt found on tlwm 011 It sample of soil (B26874) containing 16 p p m of sdenium It sample of A bisulcatus (B26875) was found to ontnin 1))20 p p m nnd a snmple of young wheat (B26876) collected within 4 feet of the soil contained 130 p p m A surface soil sample (1326870) taken 5 miles north of Mohall contained 2 p p Ill A bisulcatus (1326880) growing in the soil 1280 p p m and young wheat (1326881) growing 15 to 18 fept from the soil sample 80 p p rn

A sample of Astragalus bisulc(lt1l8 found in road cut 4 miles east of Mercer in Sheridan County contained 620 p p m of selenium and the soil in which it grew 08 p p m No other indicator plants were observed in the county bull

SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT 15

bull If

bull FIGURE 2-Runt calf and othcrs of about the same age afflicted with selenium

poisoning on the farm of A L Edwards Mountrail COllnty X Dak

Forty-eight samples of soil and vegetation were coUected at 21 locations in Ward Oounty The 21 samples of soil ranged in selenium content from 02 to 3 p p m Eleven samples of 11strcLgalus 1Jectinatus contained from 140 to 3190 p p m and 7 samples of A bisulcatus ranged frem 80 to 1730 p p m A sample of young winter rye (B26815) containing 15 p p m of selenium was found growing on a soil (B26814) with a selenium content of 08 p p m Also at a point 3 miles south of Deslacs on a soil (B26825) containing 06 p p m a sample of young winter lye (B26836) contained 30 p p m No inshydicator plants were observed in the vicinity of these rye samples fhe selenium in these soils appears to be leaJily available for plants A soil sample (B26839) collected 4 miles north of Douglas contnined 04 p p m of selenium A pectinatus (B26840) growin~ in the soil 2280 p p m and a sample of Astragalus (B26841) too Immature to identify the species growing nearby 90 p p m Tluee miles north of this location cattle were observed that had lost the switch from theil

bull tails (fig 3)

Fifty samples of soil and vegetation were collected in Williams Oounty The 24 samples of soil ranged in selenium content from 04 to 8 p p m The 21 samples of Astragalus pectinatus contained from

Ii I i ~I 1 I J 1 i t

bull

bull I

Itt

lLtd j j ~ 1 ~ J rmiddot I ~ -I ~ r ~dlttdi

1 1 tti

tf ti 1 I

T 1~ 1

Ill )n bull~ f ~

fI I I ~ fbull I ~

B_l j -I

bullI I - I ) ~ ~ 1

bull it~middot o[ olth l)ulwtn tht litPI~ 11( tld 0 (oll ~tlltpl of Il1Ilprin I frolll t Ill IOlr pUI1 () I I hI PiPIT( fOrll111 I in 11 I1l1d frolll t Ill II P[Itt

pllrl of liltmiddot iollulH forllllltioll ill (anlill (OIlIlY Till Illlit of tll( Hllltij of llll l l1l11pl(middot 111[ inmiddot ill 1111gt11 I Tiltmiddot li)2llt HIlpll~ or tnl(middot (oJluilld frollt 1-1 n lli p p Ill of (IImiddotlJilllll tJllplt or

bull

Ft HI 1 11111 middoti Iriit~ jmiddotifmiddotj FI t 11 (111111 Ial lI mlHid iifllH~ ( n I)ai-

bull bull 1lmItIIf 1~~lil[7 (ldlplmiddotI(middotd ill tilt nhlllldolld jill Ill tIl flltl BJilk TiI(middot (middotIl (OIl I lillIId til11 II p III If (middot1)11111 TIll pUlllt II oJ[t(ld lady III t hI [lllll~ awl 1 lh 11111111 too 111111111111 tn )( idlmiddotlltifbmiddotd u tn pI1 1111 IIIOjJ intllll HIIlP- n Iho (middot ohtltilllllnt thl fOl1l11 Ilrklll~ Ill tII oltl11i (tIIlII Plt~llr

~lI-I-3

18 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

Co 2 mills southw(st of COIlCIph Thls( sUlllpks (B26420 to B26425 illclusiyl) WlIP (ollrrtld at thp junetion of lIll PitIIP and Niobmm fOlmutions (1) Tht limollitp In)poundgt I (B26422) fOlllwd till jU11etion bltwlln the two fOlluntions lind conlllilwd 34 p p 111 o( slll1iulll TIll PitITt shuh (B26421) imllllltiiutlly IIbo( I Ill juncshytion (ontttillPd 32 p p Ill ulld tht XioiJrllnt nodul( (B2(j42~) jut bllow til( limollih IUytI hnd tl SlhlIiulll (olltrnl of 3f3 p p m Till tt(lI1Hnl Iolk of tI( Xiobmm (1326424) ontuillPti 14 p p Ill

ThlsP ullalysts UIt of sppeinl inl (lst bNUUSP t IHY gl(ntiy (xttlld til kllown arpu in whi(h Iht UPPCI pnrt of the Xiolmllu formution tMld til( lowlr part of till Pi(rll fonnntioll (onlnin Illrg( qllulltiti(s of splenilim Thl 10wPI pnr of thl- PiPITl fOllnntioll hns blln 1(shy

porhd to (ontain flOIll 10 to 20 p p m in Logtlll County Knns (7)8 to 31 p p m in HnrInll COllllty Xlbr laquo(1)45 p p m in Inllktoll County S Dnk (211 itlld 21 p p m ill XioblllllL CounLT Wyo (21) TIll uppeI part of tlH Xiohrnm forlllntion (ontuins similal qUllntitics ca 721)

YIl(n one (onsidlrs lhllL it is IIpploxillllltlly 800 mil(s from T~ognn County KaliS to Cantlill County X Dllk it is lx(lNlingly difficult to conel-in that n ginn holi70n ill n spltiil1Hntnry fOlllllltioll (ould be 0 uniformly high in StlplliuIn (ontpllt thloughout flO gnnt tlll illPlt

Ylt it nppNUfl to bt tIUP 101 llIyIHI( that tltis jUlwtion has bl(11 pXllmilwd till splpllium (ontpllt hus I)((n from 10 to 30 p P m

GENERAL DISCUSSION

Thrf( hundlNI nnd bC n ty-foll I snmplls of floilsmirwrnlfl Illld vpgctntion 1( (olp(ltd nt 143 IO(nlious in XOIth Dnkolil The s(IPniulIl (ontrnl of tht lii4 Sillllpips of soil IIlnglcl from Ol to S bullp p 111 Ihl 91 gnmpipg of 1~1i(tfl(fll1lti pec(ilwl1l8 mngld fr(lln 140 10 40 p p m Thirt-nilH illlllpll of 1 bimlculllll (olltnimd from 70 to 4400 p p Ill Ill( 2U slImplls of young bnli(~ 1)( and wlllnL plnnts rnn(d ill wl(llilll11 (ontp111 110111 S to 140 p p Ill

TI(middot spl(niulll (ont(nl of til( -pgltntion i hih nlthollh th soils 1111 nol 1IIllluitll spllniflrolls At 1tIll ()JlP Ipuson for this npPlllPII diIHImiddotit lips in til( (illJ( of tlIP YPU thul the slllnplcs (1( (ollt(t(-d This SUlTt nlS mud during thl Inttll hill of ~rHY llPn llH bull I8lruo Ill gtInnt and smull glltin- (IP only a fl ill(h(~ high

It is to 1)( Ixptlttpd thnt till (1I1i spring growth of wgltntioll Oltld 1)( higlIPr Ullin IIlntlll( plnnls in spl(nium (olltpnL 10 illusshytrnlp n Sillllph of ~IslfI(flls ra((-IlJ~IlS (olllIl(middotd in LYmnn (OUllty S Dnkbull Oil ~lllr n 1l1X (()lIlnirwd 2O()() p p Ill Slllllplps from (hI ~1I11( plnllt itowtd n sphllium (OIl[(1I1 of tlO p p Ill Oil July I(i nnd (jW p p Ill Oil ~Ulht 2D of til nnlP ylill (J~I 011 lIl1lplp or yOIlIlg ilplIt OWII ill yolllillg (()ntnilHd middot1) p p III 11ltIIn llll IlInllll( glnill flOJ)) til nmt plot (olltnimd 0111 2 p p iiI ifll Til likp IlHlIlIHI (Olll snmplp- of Young tWllt (ol((tt( ill IIll firt Plk of fulllin (nllnda silopd n SlI(lIiul1l (Olltlllt of ~() to middot10 p p 111 lfll nmiddott Ill (OIIlIlWI(middotinl whpllt of this IllPt( liS l11)JPPIII(d by 2W colllpositps of 22~O lll1pl(middots is Ipporipd to llll 1 slIIlliulll (011shy(Pill of I) p p Ill OJ Ipss (tri Titpsp dUll 011 wilpat in (Hnndn HI( bull

SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT 15

bull If

bull FIGURE 2-Runt calf and othcrs of about the same age afflicted with selenium

poisoning on the farm of A L Edwards Mountrail COllnty X Dak

Forty-eight samples of soil and vegetation were coUected at 21 locations in Ward Oounty The 21 samples of soil ranged in selenium content from 02 to 3 p p m Eleven samples of 11strcLgalus 1Jectinatus contained from 140 to 3190 p p m and 7 samples of A bisulcatus ranged frem 80 to 1730 p p m A sample of young winter rye (B26815) containing 15 p p m of selenium was found growing on a soil (B26814) with a selenium content of 08 p p m Also at a point 3 miles south of Deslacs on a soil (B26825) containing 06 p p m a sample of young winter lye (B26836) contained 30 p p m No inshydicator plants were observed in the vicinity of these rye samples fhe selenium in these soils appears to be leaJily available for plants A soil sample (B26839) collected 4 miles north of Douglas contnined 04 p p m of selenium A pectinatus (B26840) growin~ in the soil 2280 p p m and a sample of Astragalus (B26841) too Immature to identify the species growing nearby 90 p p m Tluee miles north of this location cattle were observed that had lost the switch from theil

bull tails (fig 3)

Fifty samples of soil and vegetation were collected in Williams Oounty The 24 samples of soil ranged in selenium content from 04 to 8 p p m The 21 samples of Astragalus pectinatus contained from

Ii I i ~I 1 I J 1 i t

bull

bull I

Itt

lLtd j j ~ 1 ~ J rmiddot I ~ -I ~ r ~dlttdi

1 1 tti

tf ti 1 I

T 1~ 1

Ill )n bull~ f ~

fI I I ~ fbull I ~

B_l j -I

bullI I - I ) ~ ~ 1

bull it~middot o[ olth l)ulwtn tht litPI~ 11( tld 0 (oll ~tlltpl of Il1Ilprin I frolll t Ill IOlr pUI1 () I I hI PiPIT( fOrll111 I in 11 I1l1d frolll t Ill II P[Itt

pllrl of liltmiddot iollulH forllllltioll ill (anlill (OIlIlY Till Illlit of tll( Hllltij of llll l l1l11pl(middot 111[ inmiddot ill 1111gt11 I Tiltmiddot li)2llt HIlpll~ or tnl(middot (oJluilld frollt 1-1 n lli p p Ill of (IImiddotlJilllll tJllplt or

bull

Ft HI 1 11111 middoti Iriit~ jmiddotifmiddotj FI t 11 (111111 Ial lI mlHid iifllH~ ( n I)ai-

bull bull 1lmItIIf 1~~lil[7 (ldlplmiddotI(middotd ill tilt nhlllldolld jill Ill tIl flltl BJilk TiI(middot (middotIl (OIl I lillIId til11 II p III If (middot1)11111 TIll pUlllt II oJ[t(ld lady III t hI [lllll~ awl 1 lh 11111111 too 111111111111 tn )( idlmiddotlltifbmiddotd u tn pI1 1111 IIIOjJ intllll HIIlP- n Iho (middot ohtltilllllnt thl fOl1l11 Ilrklll~ Ill tII oltl11i (tIIlII Plt~llr

~lI-I-3

18 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

Co 2 mills southw(st of COIlCIph Thls( sUlllpks (B26420 to B26425 illclusiyl) WlIP (ollrrtld at thp junetion of lIll PitIIP and Niobmm fOlmutions (1) Tht limollitp In)poundgt I (B26422) fOlllwd till jU11etion bltwlln the two fOlluntions lind conlllilwd 34 p p 111 o( slll1iulll TIll PitITt shuh (B26421) imllllltiiutlly IIbo( I Ill juncshytion (ontttillPd 32 p p Ill ulld tht XioiJrllnt nodul( (B2(j42~) jut bllow til( limollih IUytI hnd tl SlhlIiulll (olltrnl of 3f3 p p m Till tt(lI1Hnl Iolk of tI( Xiobmm (1326424) ontuillPti 14 p p Ill

ThlsP ullalysts UIt of sppeinl inl (lst bNUUSP t IHY gl(ntiy (xttlld til kllown arpu in whi(h Iht UPPCI pnrt of the Xiolmllu formution tMld til( lowlr part of till Pi(rll fonnntioll (onlnin Illrg( qllulltiti(s of splenilim Thl 10wPI pnr of thl- PiPITl fOllnntioll hns blln 1(shy

porhd to (ontain flOIll 10 to 20 p p m in Logtlll County Knns (7)8 to 31 p p m in HnrInll COllllty Xlbr laquo(1)45 p p m in Inllktoll County S Dnk (211 itlld 21 p p m ill XioblllllL CounLT Wyo (21) TIll uppeI part of tlH Xiohrnm forlllntion (ontuins similal qUllntitics ca 721)

YIl(n one (onsidlrs lhllL it is IIpploxillllltlly 800 mil(s from T~ognn County KaliS to Cantlill County X Dllk it is lx(lNlingly difficult to conel-in that n ginn holi70n ill n spltiil1Hntnry fOlllllltioll (ould be 0 uniformly high in StlplliuIn (ontpllt thloughout flO gnnt tlll illPlt

Ylt it nppNUfl to bt tIUP 101 llIyIHI( that tltis jUlwtion has bl(11 pXllmilwd till splpllium (ontpllt hus I)((n from 10 to 30 p P m

GENERAL DISCUSSION

Thrf( hundlNI nnd bC n ty-foll I snmplls of floilsmirwrnlfl Illld vpgctntion 1( (olp(ltd nt 143 IO(nlious in XOIth Dnkolil The s(IPniulIl (ontrnl of tht lii4 Sillllpips of soil IIlnglcl from Ol to S bullp p 111 Ihl 91 gnmpipg of 1~1i(tfl(fll1lti pec(ilwl1l8 mngld fr(lln 140 10 40 p p m Thirt-nilH illlllpll of 1 bimlculllll (olltnimd from 70 to 4400 p p Ill Ill( 2U slImplls of young bnli(~ 1)( and wlllnL plnnts rnn(d ill wl(llilll11 (ontp111 110111 S to 140 p p Ill

TI(middot spl(niulll (ont(nl of til( -pgltntion i hih nlthollh th soils 1111 nol 1IIllluitll spllniflrolls At 1tIll ()JlP Ipuson for this npPlllPII diIHImiddotit lips in til( (illJ( of tlIP YPU thul the slllnplcs (1( (ollt(t(-d This SUlTt nlS mud during thl Inttll hill of ~rHY llPn llH bull I8lruo Ill gtInnt and smull glltin- (IP only a fl ill(h(~ high

It is to 1)( Ixptlttpd thnt till (1I1i spring growth of wgltntioll Oltld 1)( higlIPr Ullin IIlntlll( plnnls in spl(nium (olltpnL 10 illusshytrnlp n Sillllph of ~IslfI(flls ra((-IlJ~IlS (olllIl(middotd in LYmnn (OUllty S Dnkbull Oil ~lllr n 1l1X (()lIlnirwd 2O()() p p Ill Slllllplps from (hI ~1I11( plnllt itowtd n sphllium (OIl[(1I1 of tlO p p Ill Oil July I(i nnd (jW p p Ill Oil ~Ulht 2D of til nnlP ylill (J~I 011 lIl1lplp or yOIlIlg ilplIt OWII ill yolllillg (()ntnilHd middot1) p p III 11ltIIn llll IlInllll( glnill flOJ)) til nmt plot (olltnimd 0111 2 p p iiI ifll Til likp IlHlIlIHI (Olll snmplp- of Young tWllt (ol((tt( ill IIll firt Plk of fulllin (nllnda silopd n SlI(lIiul1l (Olltlllt of ~() to middot10 p p 111 lfll nmiddott Ill (OIIlIlWI(middotinl whpllt of this IllPt( liS l11)JPPIII(d by 2W colllpositps of 22~O lll1pl(middots is Ipporipd to llll 1 slIIlliulll (011shy(Pill of I) p p Ill OJ Ipss (tri Titpsp dUll 011 wilpat in (Hnndn HI( bull

Ii I i ~I 1 I J 1 i t

bull

bull I

Itt

lLtd j j ~ 1 ~ J rmiddot I ~ -I ~ r ~dlttdi

1 1 tti

tf ti 1 I

T 1~ 1

Ill )n bull~ f ~

fI I I ~ fbull I ~

B_l j -I

bullI I - I ) ~ ~ 1

bull it~middot o[ olth l)ulwtn tht litPI~ 11( tld 0 (oll ~tlltpl of Il1Ilprin I frolll t Ill IOlr pUI1 () I I hI PiPIT( fOrll111 I in 11 I1l1d frolll t Ill II P[Itt

pllrl of liltmiddot iollulH forllllltioll ill (anlill (OIlIlY Till Illlit of tll( Hllltij of llll l l1l11pl(middot 111[ inmiddot ill 1111gt11 I Tiltmiddot li)2llt HIlpll~ or tnl(middot (oJluilld frollt 1-1 n lli p p Ill of (IImiddotlJilllll tJllplt or

bull

Ft HI 1 11111 middoti Iriit~ jmiddotifmiddotj FI t 11 (111111 Ial lI mlHid iifllH~ ( n I)ai-

bull bull 1lmItIIf 1~~lil[7 (ldlplmiddotI(middotd ill tilt nhlllldolld jill Ill tIl flltl BJilk TiI(middot (middotIl (OIl I lillIId til11 II p III If (middot1)11111 TIll pUlllt II oJ[t(ld lady III t hI [lllll~ awl 1 lh 11111111 too 111111111111 tn )( idlmiddotlltifbmiddotd u tn pI1 1111 IIIOjJ intllll HIIlP- n Iho (middot ohtltilllllnt thl fOl1l11 Ilrklll~ Ill tII oltl11i (tIIlII Plt~llr

~lI-I-3

18 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

Co 2 mills southw(st of COIlCIph Thls( sUlllpks (B26420 to B26425 illclusiyl) WlIP (ollrrtld at thp junetion of lIll PitIIP and Niobmm fOlmutions (1) Tht limollitp In)poundgt I (B26422) fOlllwd till jU11etion bltwlln the two fOlluntions lind conlllilwd 34 p p 111 o( slll1iulll TIll PitITt shuh (B26421) imllllltiiutlly IIbo( I Ill juncshytion (ontttillPd 32 p p Ill ulld tht XioiJrllnt nodul( (B2(j42~) jut bllow til( limollih IUytI hnd tl SlhlIiulll (olltrnl of 3f3 p p m Till tt(lI1Hnl Iolk of tI( Xiobmm (1326424) ontuillPti 14 p p Ill

ThlsP ullalysts UIt of sppeinl inl (lst bNUUSP t IHY gl(ntiy (xttlld til kllown arpu in whi(h Iht UPPCI pnrt of the Xiolmllu formution tMld til( lowlr part of till Pi(rll fonnntioll (onlnin Illrg( qllulltiti(s of splenilim Thl 10wPI pnr of thl- PiPITl fOllnntioll hns blln 1(shy

porhd to (ontain flOIll 10 to 20 p p m in Logtlll County Knns (7)8 to 31 p p m in HnrInll COllllty Xlbr laquo(1)45 p p m in Inllktoll County S Dnk (211 itlld 21 p p m ill XioblllllL CounLT Wyo (21) TIll uppeI part of tlH Xiohrnm forlllntion (ontuins similal qUllntitics ca 721)

YIl(n one (onsidlrs lhllL it is IIpploxillllltlly 800 mil(s from T~ognn County KaliS to Cantlill County X Dllk it is lx(lNlingly difficult to conel-in that n ginn holi70n ill n spltiil1Hntnry fOlllllltioll (ould be 0 uniformly high in StlplliuIn (ontpllt thloughout flO gnnt tlll illPlt

Ylt it nppNUfl to bt tIUP 101 llIyIHI( that tltis jUlwtion has bl(11 pXllmilwd till splpllium (ontpllt hus I)((n from 10 to 30 p P m

GENERAL DISCUSSION

Thrf( hundlNI nnd bC n ty-foll I snmplls of floilsmirwrnlfl Illld vpgctntion 1( (olp(ltd nt 143 IO(nlious in XOIth Dnkolil The s(IPniulIl (ontrnl of tht lii4 Sillllpips of soil IIlnglcl from Ol to S bullp p 111 Ihl 91 gnmpipg of 1~1i(tfl(fll1lti pec(ilwl1l8 mngld fr(lln 140 10 40 p p m Thirt-nilH illlllpll of 1 bimlculllll (olltnimd from 70 to 4400 p p Ill Ill( 2U slImplls of young bnli(~ 1)( and wlllnL plnnts rnn(d ill wl(llilll11 (ontp111 110111 S to 140 p p Ill

TI(middot spl(niulll (ont(nl of til( -pgltntion i hih nlthollh th soils 1111 nol 1IIllluitll spllniflrolls At 1tIll ()JlP Ipuson for this npPlllPII diIHImiddotit lips in til( (illJ( of tlIP YPU thul the slllnplcs (1( (ollt(t(-d This SUlTt nlS mud during thl Inttll hill of ~rHY llPn llH bull I8lruo Ill gtInnt and smull glltin- (IP only a fl ill(h(~ high

It is to 1)( Ixptlttpd thnt till (1I1i spring growth of wgltntioll Oltld 1)( higlIPr Ullin IIlntlll( plnnls in spl(nium (olltpnL 10 illusshytrnlp n Sillllph of ~IslfI(flls ra((-IlJ~IlS (olllIl(middotd in LYmnn (OUllty S Dnkbull Oil ~lllr n 1l1X (()lIlnirwd 2O()() p p Ill Slllllplps from (hI ~1I11( plnllt itowtd n sphllium (OIl[(1I1 of tlO p p Ill Oil July I(i nnd (jW p p Ill Oil ~Ulht 2D of til nnlP ylill (J~I 011 lIl1lplp or yOIlIlg ilplIt OWII ill yolllillg (()ntnilHd middot1) p p III 11ltIIn llll IlInllll( glnill flOJ)) til nmt plot (olltnimd 0111 2 p p iiI ifll Til likp IlHlIlIHI (Olll snmplp- of Young tWllt (ol((tt( ill IIll firt Plk of fulllin (nllnda silopd n SlI(lIiul1l (Olltlllt of ~() to middot10 p p 111 lfll nmiddott Ill (OIIlIlWI(middotinl whpllt of this IllPt( liS l11)JPPIII(d by 2W colllpositps of 22~O lll1pl(middots is Ipporipd to llll 1 slIIlliulll (011shy(Pill of I) p p Ill OJ Ipss (tri Titpsp dUll 011 wilpat in (Hnndn HI( bull

bull it~middot o[ olth l)ulwtn tht litPI~ 11( tld 0 (oll ~tlltpl of Il1Ilprin I frolll t Ill IOlr pUI1 () I I hI PiPIT( fOrll111 I in 11 I1l1d frolll t Ill II P[Itt

pllrl of liltmiddot iollulH forllllltioll ill (anlill (OIlIlY Till Illlit of tll( Hllltij of llll l l1l11pl(middot 111[ inmiddot ill 1111gt11 I Tiltmiddot li)2llt HIlpll~ or tnl(middot (oJluilld frollt 1-1 n lli p p Ill of (IImiddotlJilllll tJllplt or

bull

Ft HI 1 11111 middoti Iriit~ jmiddotifmiddotj FI t 11 (111111 Ial lI mlHid iifllH~ ( n I)ai-

bull bull 1lmItIIf 1~~lil[7 (ldlplmiddotI(middotd ill tilt nhlllldolld jill Ill tIl flltl BJilk TiI(middot (middotIl (OIl I lillIId til11 II p III If (middot1)11111 TIll pUlllt II oJ[t(ld lady III t hI [lllll~ awl 1 lh 11111111 too 111111111111 tn )( idlmiddotlltifbmiddotd u tn pI1 1111 IIIOjJ intllll HIIlP- n Iho (middot ohtltilllllnt thl fOl1l11 Ilrklll~ Ill tII oltl11i (tIIlII Plt~llr

~lI-I-3

18 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

Co 2 mills southw(st of COIlCIph Thls( sUlllpks (B26420 to B26425 illclusiyl) WlIP (ollrrtld at thp junetion of lIll PitIIP and Niobmm fOlmutions (1) Tht limollitp In)poundgt I (B26422) fOlllwd till jU11etion bltwlln the two fOlluntions lind conlllilwd 34 p p 111 o( slll1iulll TIll PitITt shuh (B26421) imllllltiiutlly IIbo( I Ill juncshytion (ontttillPd 32 p p Ill ulld tht XioiJrllnt nodul( (B2(j42~) jut bllow til( limollih IUytI hnd tl SlhlIiulll (olltrnl of 3f3 p p m Till tt(lI1Hnl Iolk of tI( Xiobmm (1326424) ontuillPti 14 p p Ill

ThlsP ullalysts UIt of sppeinl inl (lst bNUUSP t IHY gl(ntiy (xttlld til kllown arpu in whi(h Iht UPPCI pnrt of the Xiolmllu formution tMld til( lowlr part of till Pi(rll fonnntioll (onlnin Illrg( qllulltiti(s of splenilim Thl 10wPI pnr of thl- PiPITl fOllnntioll hns blln 1(shy

porhd to (ontain flOIll 10 to 20 p p m in Logtlll County Knns (7)8 to 31 p p m in HnrInll COllllty Xlbr laquo(1)45 p p m in Inllktoll County S Dnk (211 itlld 21 p p m ill XioblllllL CounLT Wyo (21) TIll uppeI part of tlH Xiohrnm forlllntion (ontuins similal qUllntitics ca 721)

YIl(n one (onsidlrs lhllL it is IIpploxillllltlly 800 mil(s from T~ognn County KaliS to Cantlill County X Dllk it is lx(lNlingly difficult to conel-in that n ginn holi70n ill n spltiil1Hntnry fOlllllltioll (ould be 0 uniformly high in StlplliuIn (ontpllt thloughout flO gnnt tlll illPlt

Ylt it nppNUfl to bt tIUP 101 llIyIHI( that tltis jUlwtion has bl(11 pXllmilwd till splpllium (ontpllt hus I)((n from 10 to 30 p P m

GENERAL DISCUSSION

Thrf( hundlNI nnd bC n ty-foll I snmplls of floilsmirwrnlfl Illld vpgctntion 1( (olp(ltd nt 143 IO(nlious in XOIth Dnkolil The s(IPniulIl (ontrnl of tht lii4 Sillllpips of soil IIlnglcl from Ol to S bullp p 111 Ihl 91 gnmpipg of 1~1i(tfl(fll1lti pec(ilwl1l8 mngld fr(lln 140 10 40 p p m Thirt-nilH illlllpll of 1 bimlculllll (olltnimd from 70 to 4400 p p Ill Ill( 2U slImplls of young bnli(~ 1)( and wlllnL plnnts rnn(d ill wl(llilll11 (ontp111 110111 S to 140 p p Ill

TI(middot spl(niulll (ont(nl of til( -pgltntion i hih nlthollh th soils 1111 nol 1IIllluitll spllniflrolls At 1tIll ()JlP Ipuson for this npPlllPII diIHImiddotit lips in til( (illJ( of tlIP YPU thul the slllnplcs (1( (ollt(t(-d This SUlTt nlS mud during thl Inttll hill of ~rHY llPn llH bull I8lruo Ill gtInnt and smull glltin- (IP only a fl ill(h(~ high

It is to 1)( Ixptlttpd thnt till (1I1i spring growth of wgltntioll Oltld 1)( higlIPr Ullin IIlntlll( plnnls in spl(nium (olltpnL 10 illusshytrnlp n Sillllph of ~IslfI(flls ra((-IlJ~IlS (olllIl(middotd in LYmnn (OUllty S Dnkbull Oil ~lllr n 1l1X (()lIlnirwd 2O()() p p Ill Slllllplps from (hI ~1I11( plnllt itowtd n sphllium (OIl[(1I1 of tlO p p Ill Oil July I(i nnd (jW p p Ill Oil ~Ulht 2D of til nnlP ylill (J~I 011 lIl1lplp or yOIlIlg ilplIt OWII ill yolllillg (()ntnilHd middot1) p p III 11ltIIn llll IlInllll( glnill flOJ)) til nmt plot (olltnimd 0111 2 p p iiI ifll Til likp IlHlIlIHI (Olll snmplp- of Young tWllt (ol((tt( ill IIll firt Plk of fulllin (nllnda silopd n SlI(lIiul1l (Olltlllt of ~() to middot10 p p 111 lfll nmiddott Ill (OIIlIlWI(middotinl whpllt of this IllPt( liS l11)JPPIII(d by 2W colllpositps of 22~O lll1pl(middots is Ipporipd to llll 1 slIIlliulll (011shy(Pill of I) p p Ill OJ Ipss (tri Titpsp dUll 011 wilpat in (Hnndn HI( bull

18 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

Co 2 mills southw(st of COIlCIph Thls( sUlllpks (B26420 to B26425 illclusiyl) WlIP (ollrrtld at thp junetion of lIll PitIIP and Niobmm fOlmutions (1) Tht limollitp In)poundgt I (B26422) fOlllwd till jU11etion bltwlln the two fOlluntions lind conlllilwd 34 p p 111 o( slll1iulll TIll PitITt shuh (B26421) imllllltiiutlly IIbo( I Ill juncshytion (ontttillPd 32 p p Ill ulld tht XioiJrllnt nodul( (B2(j42~) jut bllow til( limollih IUytI hnd tl SlhlIiulll (olltrnl of 3f3 p p m Till tt(lI1Hnl Iolk of tI( Xiobmm (1326424) ontuillPti 14 p p Ill

ThlsP ullalysts UIt of sppeinl inl (lst bNUUSP t IHY gl(ntiy (xttlld til kllown arpu in whi(h Iht UPPCI pnrt of the Xiolmllu formution tMld til( lowlr part of till Pi(rll fonnntioll (onlnin Illrg( qllulltiti(s of splenilim Thl 10wPI pnr of thl- PiPITl fOllnntioll hns blln 1(shy

porhd to (ontain flOIll 10 to 20 p p m in Logtlll County Knns (7)8 to 31 p p m in HnrInll COllllty Xlbr laquo(1)45 p p m in Inllktoll County S Dnk (211 itlld 21 p p m ill XioblllllL CounLT Wyo (21) TIll uppeI part of tlH Xiohrnm forlllntion (ontuins similal qUllntitics ca 721)

YIl(n one (onsidlrs lhllL it is IIpploxillllltlly 800 mil(s from T~ognn County KaliS to Cantlill County X Dllk it is lx(lNlingly difficult to conel-in that n ginn holi70n ill n spltiil1Hntnry fOlllllltioll (ould be 0 uniformly high in StlplliuIn (ontpllt thloughout flO gnnt tlll illPlt

Ylt it nppNUfl to bt tIUP 101 llIyIHI( that tltis jUlwtion has bl(11 pXllmilwd till splpllium (ontpllt hus I)((n from 10 to 30 p P m

GENERAL DISCUSSION

Thrf( hundlNI nnd bC n ty-foll I snmplls of floilsmirwrnlfl Illld vpgctntion 1( (olp(ltd nt 143 IO(nlious in XOIth Dnkolil The s(IPniulIl (ontrnl of tht lii4 Sillllpips of soil IIlnglcl from Ol to S bullp p 111 Ihl 91 gnmpipg of 1~1i(tfl(fll1lti pec(ilwl1l8 mngld fr(lln 140 10 40 p p m Thirt-nilH illlllpll of 1 bimlculllll (olltnimd from 70 to 4400 p p Ill Ill( 2U slImplls of young bnli(~ 1)( and wlllnL plnnts rnn(d ill wl(llilll11 (ontp111 110111 S to 140 p p Ill

TI(middot spl(niulll (ont(nl of til( -pgltntion i hih nlthollh th soils 1111 nol 1IIllluitll spllniflrolls At 1tIll ()JlP Ipuson for this npPlllPII diIHImiddotit lips in til( (illJ( of tlIP YPU thul the slllnplcs (1( (ollt(t(-d This SUlTt nlS mud during thl Inttll hill of ~rHY llPn llH bull I8lruo Ill gtInnt and smull glltin- (IP only a fl ill(h(~ high

It is to 1)( Ixptlttpd thnt till (1I1i spring growth of wgltntioll Oltld 1)( higlIPr Ullin IIlntlll( plnnls in spl(nium (olltpnL 10 illusshytrnlp n Sillllph of ~IslfI(flls ra((-IlJ~IlS (olllIl(middotd in LYmnn (OUllty S Dnkbull Oil ~lllr n 1l1X (()lIlnirwd 2O()() p p Ill Slllllplps from (hI ~1I11( plnllt itowtd n sphllium (OIl[(1I1 of tlO p p Ill Oil July I(i nnd (jW p p Ill Oil ~Ulht 2D of til nnlP ylill (J~I 011 lIl1lplp or yOIlIlg ilplIt OWII ill yolllillg (()ntnilHd middot1) p p III 11ltIIn llll IlInllll( glnill flOJ)) til nmt plot (olltnimd 0111 2 p p iiI ifll Til likp IlHlIlIHI (Olll snmplp- of Young tWllt (ol((tt( ill IIll firt Plk of fulllin (nllnda silopd n SlI(lIiul1l (Olltlllt of ~() to middot10 p p 111 lfll nmiddott Ill (OIIlIlWI(middotinl whpllt of this IllPt( liS l11)JPPIII(d by 2W colllpositps of 22~O lll1pl(middots is Ipporipd to llll 1 slIIlliulll (011shy(Pill of I) p p Ill OJ Ipss (tri Titpsp dUll 011 wilpat in (Hnndn HI( bull

bull

bull

bull

SELExn1I OCCUHHEXCE IN SOILS SErEYTH HEPOHL 19

of the same ordcr of Il1ngnituce in both young wllPnt nnd rommeleial grnin ns thosp obtained in NOIth Dakota

Thp lpiatinly low seltnilllll (onient of matUl( glnin in (ontlnst to tlir highly Stitllifprous sping glowth no doubt n((Ollllts partly fOI til( lilek or widespnmiddotnd I(ports of alkali Ciseu( Oml infollnntion indicatcs onsicplllblt injulmiddot to nnd loss of slo(k thlough troublts known lo(ully us flmiddoto7(n fppt 01H of till (ilull(tlristi(s of (hlonic s(lpnillm poisonillg i mulfollI1ilt ion unci pwn loss of hoofs of Ii nstoek TII(s( dy((ts (illl (11 bt mistuklnly lwlilYlC1 to 1)( d lH to frl7ing Ergot poisoning hus bpln IPPOIl(([ ill thmiddot I1r(middotil ht 1(poltNI sympshytoms of this typtmiddot of poisoning fll( dlfolllwd hoofs Ilnd loss of the switch from thl lnil In nn llnrlmiddot phnsl of thl illpstigntion sticnillm poisoning wns (onfusld ith PIgot poisoning U21 It ould lippeill that this (onfusioll pllsists locally nmong fnllllllmiddotS

It is intlI(sting to no(c thnt Aslr(Ja[uamp pectinatus wns fur Irss (onunon in Bottilwnu nnd [cUlI1IY (ollnlils thull 1 bisllicatu8 (I(I1S til( 11(15( (onltiitoll Vus tnll in til (oullti(s fnltlwl w(st _ simill1r situntion wns obsrnd in (nnnda und is Ipflp((pd in tht Illntip numhpl of (Il(h spc(ips (oll((t(d (9) In AII)(Imiddottn two snmplps of bull 1 pectill([tll~ (1( (olll(t(d to 01H of 1 bi~lIl((ltlls nnd in SusshykntClllwnn nbout nn pqlllli nllll1)(I of Pllell spPCips PI tnkpn In [lll1itohn 110([1 ouh~ 1 biRttcot1l8 WilS ohtnilwd

It should not bl illfpllpclllint s(hnifllollS soils d(middotrifmiddotd from glueinl drift urp found only in till nOlthpstlln pnlt of oltll nllkotn Ill( glncilIs lI1oing soulhwl1(1 Opr pxposld PilITl sllnlp in til( (nsllIn IInlf of ollh Dnkotn gnth(I((1 IIltttltliiti IIlId dppoitltd it ns drift Sonllt Sli(lIifpIOIIS soils (illl tl)(ldol( 1)( (XI)(Itld flw IxnfJlplps nl( knowlI In Didp (Ollllt II millS north df Elhndnlt thp surfiHp soil mWD3+1 ()nl ninld 08 p p 111 of phlIium nlld young bnlllY IB~IH)3(j1 growillg ill if ((lIItuinld lij p p 111 In u lOu(1 (ul IWllligty a soil sllmplp iB2(j)i tllkl1l ilt II d(ptll of -l to j f((t (Ollshytnilwd n1i p p III and bull ~ll(alll~ bisllcuill iBWlril gl(lwing ill til (ut (ontuillld )70 p p m Alknli diiPlsl IlIs 1)((11 1(I)(lJtlltI on II flllll 20 milt- w(st of l~ll(lllllI( [iO n ilmplf of ioil B~(jO32)i

(oll((((d ill Btltl1 Pill(p County (ontnilwd O p p m or splpl1iUIll Hlld L biNltl(((III~ tB~in1~1 gl()wln~ ill tlligt oil 720 p p Ill TIHlIllH Ltolltlld npolt(d sl(wk poigtonin~ with snnptolll illltii(Htillg s(11 III II 111 poisoning on hi Inllll in Rolptt COllllt 1 bimiddotatcalllmiddot wns nJsPJpd alollg tlH shw of n lake- ) mill st or ~r(dillll ill -itlltsll1Hn (OUIlY

0 flOll hns b(11l IlUlcl( (0 dis(O(1 to whnt PX(Pllt till oil Ill(

gt(-iPnif(Jotls ill olth t)lIkoln (1 of til liOllli linmiddotI Snnlph of lIlillltnlis 111l(1 oil from 1lt1(11711 (Ollllt to(II hll 1)llJ1 found to (olltaill SlIPllilllll snmpl of PYlitl B2ti2 (o]IPdld ill illl XPOSlll of tlil Furt lllioll rOJlllntioll (olllltilWd 10 p p m of slIlllium am ph of hlil y lIrllk (IllY (ollp(( (ld I t lJlllp It of JOhIlSOIl (OIIHJS [(KtIIzil (Ollll(~V (middotOllttliIHmiddotd (li p p Ill

YllIo (OIHIllioIlS tnklll lHnrl) (Olltuillfd 2 p p ilL 111(1 n ulllpll of ~ ~1f((1((11l1 )111((111 (olltnill(d (jO p p III bulllknli dilnp lin bpJ)

Ippol(pd n f mil(s to thl south of fo]lIJous (olnpl lind OIH of til( WJitll o))sId Ji(clill(tll~ in (11( dlllity of Bplwll ill (old(11 -nlley COUlltY

20 TECHNICAL BCLLElIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGHICCLTURE

SELENIUM IN UTAH NEVADA IDAHO AND OREGON

During the progrss of thes silttliulll iny(stignlions n numbpl of sarnpls were xamind from vnrious sclions of rtllh Nevncia aIlc Idaho Seyen sam pips of CIeh1(ous hnl(middots collltetpd in (nstcrn Utnh and reported by BYPls (6) lnngpd in s(lpnium (oIltpnt from 02 to 8 p p 111 AIns of seleniferous soil in tht -icinity of Tropilt and Es(uluullt rtuh han been rportltd (10) Both of titts arpus UIP of (xtl(Ilwly rOlgh topogll1phy and the xttnt of l1Ctually toxic soil is PWbllbly vpry small An IlrC1l of Ynu(h lnlgtll (xt(nt rcporlcmiddotd southwlsL nncl enst of PIi(lt rtnh (1m (ollsists of n brond hand of soil driwd wholly or in pnrt fWIll UI( ~IaJl(os f0ll11atioll of Cnnshy(eou ngC cOvers n n ilTlglllnr strip of (PITi tory pro bnhly Ilggl(lgat i ng 1000 squnll miles nnd xtIlds pnslwun bltyond till Culorado lilH lIiscdluJ1(olls snmplCs of slenillm-indicntol plants hnn bNIl r((cind and nnnlyzld by tlll Diyisioll fwJU thCsp nlns in rtah (3S1 nnd from the Wlstlrn pni-t of tht Stat Blath nnd nssocintes (4) haw mndp similnl obSITations of widlv s(uttelwl seleniflolls soils in thl StntC Holt nnd GIens (14) huve nportN relatively low slitnium in the principill fomgl plants of etnh

Examinntion of si1l111ow-(11 watpls nntl of smfu(( soils for scj(niul1l from tiH rnitCd States X(wlunds Fipld Station at Fallon XC show(middotd n rung( of stknium (on(Plltrnlioll ill tht subsurfu(c watC1 of 1 to 560 pnrt~ pcr billion wllttens tilt soils (ontaiJled from n 1l1lJ ha(c to 1 p p Ill (10) Tlwsl obslryntions dlmiddotmonstJlt(middot that s(ICnifshyNOUS spots may b( found ill thl alluvinl Plio((lw dlposit o((ulTing oVI I n lnlgl part of X(middotvada and purti(ull1lly in thl Cnrson unci Humshyboldt Sinks Anonllr IllNt of s(middotIlnif(IouS soil ill Clnrk Coullty hilS bN1l J(portN (17L In this area tlw soil npppnrs to bt dllinmiddotlfrolll alluvial soils Blnth GilbNt ilncl Eppson (4) hnn JlportCd til( O((UJIPIWC of s(llnif(rous-indi(ntol plants in nlluial deposits ill arishyous loeations in X(nHla Xothing of dcfiniU (hlllnetll is known (on(ClJ1ing the ltxUnt of sll(h al(ns of tlH intCnsity of tillt toxicity of tlH Ylgltntioll 01 of tllP cxtClIt of thl l(sulting injury to nnimnls

In 1938 15 snll1pl(s of soil and wglttntion (OllNttd ill till Snnkl RiYlr YaU(y ill sonthwcstprn Idaho wen annlyz(cl for scltoium Six samples of Stanleya (ontnitwd 05 to 330 p p m of spjniulll and two of til( soils (ontainpd seIPnium to thl lxtent of 25 nnd 12 p p rn (S~ l Benth nnd assoeiatltmiddots (D 11n( ulso npolt((l slhniflrous-illdienl(lJ plnnts from this Hea

TIll many indi(ntions of isolnlNI urCns of spllnif(Ious soil ill l~tnh Xpn(n and Idnho mndp it S(C1ll Il(yisahll to innstignll fllltlwl tll possibility of Inlg( anas of s(knif(lolls soils in 1)( Orpnl Bnsin unn

Enrl in til( spring of 1J-10 11 n(onllnisSIlIlIl trip WtlS IllIHI through pnds of (tnh Ncvadn Tdnho and Orpgon Snmpl(s (rt (ol(l(lpd on til basis both of geologic-ul (ollsiclPltltions and of lllp O((lIIT(IH( of indkator plants A ntlmiJCr of ARtrOlalu plants not known to bt sChniulll iudieatols W(Ie loll(elld for illlnium unnlysis unci whell sufi1eiltnlly matlin W(lIP id(ntifiNl by th( niyisiOIl o( PIllnt ExplornshytiOlllllld InLloduetioTl of this BU1(llu 1h(middot nmiddotsltltii of thl (xllminntioll of these samples togltth(r with tholP obtnilUd from oth1 SOUl(tS

nrc given in tnbl( 2

bull

bull

bull

21

bull

bull

bull

SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENlH REPORT

lAIIUJ 2-SeieniulII contellt of soUs IIdnerals anti vegetation from Utah Nevada ((ilIO anti Oregon

U~IAIl

I _Se(nIUm In-Lahommiddot Flel

tory I Ihumiddot( 01 collecJon Mntcrlnl I I No I No I i ~oil or W~ctnmiddot

jllllncrni tilln

---1 1----------------1-1--1 -[--1-)-111--

112tl13i j 8 21 mllcs cust of Rooscvclt 011 I Sort rcd snndy Slttllmentnry 02 I t S ~o ~Q rock

]l261-10 ISA __ bullbullbull __ do bull ____ bull ____ __ ImiddotlstraUIIIIamp1rrM bull __ bull 30 B~fgtl41 9 bullbull __ Zl IIlllc~ west of HO()Hmiddot~Jt on Y~lIowishmiddotbrown slit IOlllll 4

I US_No~O 112t1l12 I U do __ bullbull i AsmVIIussl _ __ 40 1l2tHmiddotI 10 _ I 6 mlls north or Iroo lit I Dnrkmiddothrown Chl~ 10lm 012 20

mouth 01 lroo (lllyon Inch(s _ 112tlIH i lOA do StllltVII piTlTlal1l _ 144(1 1l2(H5 lOX do i lInnnlng (unyoll shnh M B26ImiddotIO lilY i do i (lmy IIn1stonl embedded whh 12

t ~~~ I B2tJI47 lOB do (lnIJlC Icnves nnd new growth __ bull 40

l I tcm5 i B2tilmiddotS 10( do __ Indlnn pnlntbrush bull bull 41 ____ill2tlH9 IIX S nllls nClrllllflst or lroo In I Innnlnj (nnyonshnl~ 12 I

Provo (lnyolI f H2tl50 IlY L

I

do ______ bull thllcstot1~ln shutt - s _ B2tH51 IliA do cllxlritlJ _ 70 B~~H52 liB 1I2tllm IX 7 mll~s noriicm oi[rooiii ~I~~IW~eliincstono 1i2t 300

Proo (unyon I 112(166 j 21 311l11I~northoITooI~ (lrtl(llly hrown lonm OmiddotS 2

Incllts 1I~tl1ll7 IA do bullbullbullbullbullbullbull AlIl1hclIi8 j 25 Jl2tmS X llmll~s SOUtllWst llf Toort 110ld orc Irom Inrk Inclhw I 21)

IIlln~_ 1J2fHl19 2y bull do 1lIull1lng ((lnyon shntmiddot - I ~ I B~t1il 2middotIX 2 mll5 northw~st (II gtInnlllllg do bullbullbullbullbullbull 4

1 III In Innnlllg (Inyon jD2tHj 21Y do Het hand In shale rontlillingbull H

f I prrill lJ2ti17~ 25X l Snydlr mln~s In rercur bullbull onntrntlon fines Irolll bas t 15

I In f U2tl17middot1 2tlX 35 lIlIlS nortlHIQrthwest III i Hed dpo~lts Ironl hot ~(lrfngs (Igt

i Deltll Juab (ount)- l Jl2tl175 ~~l I dO bull bull 1111 shy 2 B2tlliO jX 1 5l1I1~s west of Black Hock lit Whitt sllilOn lCllOSIL

(f)slnl lountlln l Illar1 I Count)

U(Hii f do bull TlghtmiddotgnlY Clknrepus sandy 1

loam l12tlliq 27A j do __ bull SIltV$[lmiddot --_ bull 1

[ 2~

1I~~171 27Y l - 10 ~oqlllr~rOll~ Hllltstone 1 __ 1l2tgt180 ~ 2 miles Mt o( (ry~tal IOlIllmiddot 1lghl-gnw (IlClr~Qu5 s~lIdy i

UtlllllIIilrd (ounty loam (lli lnch~~bull 112t11SI 2SX do _ _ (nlhllt hI 011 1112t~IS2 S bullbulldo SIIItYfI SI) 10 112tl SB 10 bull _ HrlglHm tIl _ I B~~l1S1 ~ J Is lIIt1rs NLl of (ryslll 1 CIJIi Yllowlsh~nlY (I1~tr(ous ~lIt 1

(aill IIllml (OUlIly I loulIOmiddotlIIlnthrs I1~~IS5 21) (0 SIfrlellll sp t~l 1I~tI() 10 17 JIlilmiddot~ 1St or Bbd Hf)~k 1I~htmiddothrowll slit 101111 0 12

Iilllrd COlnlY bull irlth~s B2tlI~ 30 do ~ A aTlIIHtJSlI I 5 lI2tlISS 31A til milLS (lISt 01 Blnck RQck AIITrW (I

lllIlurd ((lllnty 1I2I159 32 12 1l1l1(S (~ISI 01 (oyenp Furt do 2

syenler (ollnty 1J2tlllJij 1 IS mil(S (fISt of (on fort Browli SfUHlylolttlO-IU1lilti 1

S~iir (Iount) jfJ2tH91 tA d() 1 utU(lIJd 11 1I~~Hyen2 ~UI do Iellu rI(hIrIIolli bull 2

bull H~~inr1 11 21 milt5wlSlofSalt I nktlPity (rown sill IlmmU 10 inelIls middot1 1 $ - middot111

B~~l1V~ UA do 1Iftglllll ullelhi l2IHI5 l5 95mis WISI of It I~tl (ity DSt-rt mud 11 i

(-l ~O40 B~jHii 1 utill1orlh 01 (Itoll on [ ll bull rllgdM 5p 7

~O [~I nllh (middotOUIIl)middot H2GUiS 2 rnihl Jlurt h or (~lStlj~~J~hl 011 SllIJtlrl1t sJl (liO

1 -110 (rl~ (oUnl)

St rOlllllllle Ilt Nlt1 of tllJl~

22 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

lABLE 2-Selenium content of soils minerals and vegetation from Utah Nevada Idaho and Oregon-Continued

UTAH-Contlnucd bullSclcnlum In-

LBbommiddot Joleldtory Plaru of collection lInteriBiNo mlnerni tI~1

No Soli or Vegctn

---------1----------------PP II P p m bull

D26979 3 bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1 mile south o( He~r on ( S Stallitua sp 0 lIiO

D26980 31 jI N~()~~~~Jo~~~~t~ htragaIampSp bullbullbullbullbull I D2698L bullbull 4 3 miles south ofrlce on Stute Stalleua sp __ 470

Haute 10 D26982 5 bull 2 mllessoutb of l1untln~ton on bullbullbullbullbulldo bull bullbull bullbull 160

State Houte 10 EmeryCounty

B26983bullbull SA du enldcnUfied plant 2 D26984 6 bullbull IS miles north of LOll on SllItt Atragalt sp bullbullbull 20

Houte 72 BeIr Count~middot B26985 7 bullbullbullbullbull 2 miles belamiddot Fish Lnke road do 5I Junction on State Houte 24

I Piute County B26Ili16 S 131 miles southeast of Junction StalleVII 51-

of l~ S No 8U and StBte Hood 24 Seler Co~nty

B26987 bullbull 9 13 miles west of Fillmore 1111middot Grass from middotolctinluCTater 5I lard (ounty i

D272t1 40-3 I 3 miles south of Pricebullbullbullbull A lIIIU8 unidentified bullbullbull bullbull 4 B27242 do bull dO middot AlarmiddotIlbullbull lrultlngstellls middot1middotmiddot

1 2

D27242Ado L do AlI(II bullbull entlr6plllnl 1 1 B27243 bullbull 40-1 f do bull i A cudolll bullbullbull Il B272H 40-5 j I mlleouth of Price bull bullbull tI tldlleni bullbullbull I B27263 40-31 I 5 miles east of (tahmiddotNemiddotada I SI)(lIlIoIo bull II I

i Stateline on Haute 27 I B2726440middot54 do 1Atragall sP 10 D27265 40-55middot t middotmiddotdO bullbullbullbullbull middot f doj (gt

NEVADA

B264U6 bull136 2 miltS west 01 Wendover Ortlclly gray silt (oam 0-10 01 i bull I

tah on e S No 40 inches 1126497 36A do tlartllltou bull )D26498 bull 37 j4 ~liI~s middot~t bull or Wendor (IrnylshmiddotbrowlI silt 101lln 12-30

ttllh on C S No 40 IlIchls B2e499 37A do bull A btchullhii 2 1I~65QO as 5 miles w~st 01 Wendover Clrllyclly ~rIlylshmiddotbrown slit

ltah all P S No 40 (oam 0-10 incbes ll26501 SA do bull Stlllleva sp D6502 au 1 25 miles west 01 Wendocr (hlliky IlRhtmiddotbrown lit loam 2

B26501 39Abullbullbullbullt ~j~~ on~)~ ~~~~ SII~~~l~es bullbullbull 3 B265Ot 40 j22l11i1eS nonh orWels all U S BrowlI sll~ 10111110-8 inchesbullbull I 4

~~ I D6505 401 bullbullbullbullbull do iodanlhIM middotmiddot1 1 1127255 middot10-45 middot 2i611111es southcIIst of EureklL Nicolialla oIttlluata middot middot middoti bullbull 10 1127256bull 40-16bullbull -- do 110111111 1 210 I157 bullbull 40-47TdO ~ bullcaJinalulu + 320 B2i8 40-lS flo middotmiddot bullbull1S piIoIa 5 D2759 40-40 1307 miles southenSL or Fureka do HO lI27260 middot10-50 do A$caljilllllulu8 5 1I2726L 10-51 S rnilc~ west 01 Humllton 1i pillllflll umiddot bullbull 2 B27262 IO-S2 110 lIIillS northw~St of 1IlIlIlIton S plHlIlla i bullbull 1 2 B26168 tlllliles (lSt of Wellingt9n OrW (lIlcarcolIs lne salldr 3

I 10111110-6 Inches i I D20~19 do Pllr~l1t rock 1 2 D269O middotmiddot bull II middotdO middotmiddotbullbullbull bullbull middotbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotIimiddotPiIIII middotbullbull middot middot middotmiddotmiddot middot1 ~ D2691do iIlraglllu Sp j I 1126972 ~ ~~T __ do ~ _~ ~ ~ ~_4~~~_ S(Jri(JcfJrll(u(J ~~~~~~ ~ bull ~i~ ~ 5 B26282 1J mlles north of Puhrumll 1 flniclly slit 0-8 Incbesbullbullbullbullbull 1

ranch Clark County i 11272(gt8 1 j_ do _ bull 1 Sianeva 51) 2 B27272 2 ~ lillie north 01 Mnnse rtlllW Sandy soi bull 4-10 Inches 1 Imiddot 1B27269 2 ___ 3 ~~k(O~~~ i Slllnleua sp D27273 3 Mldwny betwcen ~[nnse nnd i Onlelly sandy silt 2middotS Inches 1

Younts ranches Clark I CountY1 6B27267 3 __do___ Stanltua sp bullSee footnote lit elldo tllble

bull

bull

bull

bull

SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENlH REPORT 23

TABU) 2-Selenlllm content of soUs 1IItncrals and vegetation from Utah Nevada ItClho and Oregon-Oontinued

~ADA-Coullnncll

i SelcnlullIlnshy

lL~ec OftQUccllon Material -------Soli or WRdn mlnemll lion ---- -- - middot---middot-middot--1---middot----------middotmiddotmiddot-(

n22jmiddott~ middot1 2 mlle~ rlst or Younts mach Ol11Clly sundy Slit 2-5 Inches 01 I Clark COllnty I

1l2720 1I2~1 5 r mfl~ itor OliUl$-rnlieil~ It ~~~ii~I~Ved ijro~OllS silt 2 (

Clat k (Qunty bull (HO Inch~sbull n272il Ii bullbullbulllIo i St1l11tU11 sp ll2i27j Il 10 millS east or Younts mll~h Iightmiddotcolorcltl calcIrcous silt 1

Cbrk COliOW 0-6 Inches 1l272 It bullbull do middothlrtlgnlll~SJl H27~t~6 j Ii mil~s southeast o )l3ne rra~lIy silt Hl itwltcs

rancb Cbrk (Olll1ty nZ72~ 7_ H2j77 S 5 middotilsmiddotSOlitllst or ~[ilS~ (l~~~gilJn~IY10ali1~g illClisbullbullbullbull it (I)

raneh (Ilrk COllnty ~

U2~7 (-1 (oynle ~prlngs nll(~ n(3r WI1I(o silt north end of Arrow (anyou HaIlg~ CIMk lounIS

iJ22S1 A(middotmiddotl tlo lilullleVlSP 10 H2~ktj )1)1 1 )rllddy Peak Bnslll (uddy 1rl~lIy eklrcotls Silt O-i 1

Itllllltlins inrhmiddots bull ll2llt-I )[ 1 do SllIlIlclII S[l 3 B2~1 11middot1 lIo Israualltamp ~p

H2~J bull do Israualll S[l

~

IDAHO

middot11 t) Ill ulheI of Itlgrrm(lu lightbruWll ill IUlltl 0 middot12 01)5 on r 030 Immiddothps bull

middot11 A lt11 11II0(OCIIY 1 middot12 ~ ( mil~lt nrrtll of llagmIau nn I OnlY l~llClr~ou~ silt I0311l 0 111 05

l l ~(J 30 illCIt~S U26liOJ 42 do -11111111JJ2U510 middotn mil~~e3Stu(Xcw Plymouth (nlllTloUS Iightbrown flit

ullai feH bull 1l2tl511 middot13A do bull I I(trilhii B2G512 H 6IfiIImiddotlmiddotlSttJr~1l1I 11~lIlol1(h JlJlhtmiddotJruwn calcareolls slit

lualll (Is lncltc$ B2G5Il 41 il bullbull bull 1 ecumiddotilMI bullbull bull -IH2tl551 fli IIlill wc~( o( OiWllS lprlngs Ji~htgrl) compaet ~lIt loam 1J~l5Ii GSA do ~ bull SI~nI(VIl sp bullbull gt 230 BW5tloJ ~ till JnthStmiddotltQr(liYfUloJ~Jlringi Oruysilt 10anL 2 lI~fgt551 diM lt10 bull SIUllltva 51gt middot~o bull nJ(ii5S fifgtB )(1 bull _ Alrt(lcrrolilerfilfllia 10 11~l55G Gi i millg S(Juthll~~ of Wallers Brown andy I()alll 0 10 Indl~s os i

B~HMii Ii til ltmyalu -IJltirf(orp1l4 io B2Gli5tS f)~ 9 mil(gts llortbt ()f OrlIld Uray slll]OlIll IHIinclws 05

~iw on (fJ1d to Oreana H2055) fi~ tlo bull Slimlfva ~[l ill265JO i 6l1 10 mths sOllllult of Omnti Omy Ill 101111 0 IlIlneh($ bullWI

i fiI o

I~ IIIl mad tu BrUlltlll B~J61 Stmlltva sp 21J20562 i fi9B ltlit bull I TJflfOraprJ Jl2f~i1 flUe Ill Iwllm 1Jllllthrll~il I121150L i( kl~ 1IIl1csonlh uf BrUlJlttll J lark)(rIIY ill Inul n lIlillrh 00n2fiSr5 OX tlo nanl C(IIIjgtWt Ilt IUII 15middot20 -j

indwltll2tiiGO bull i OA bull dl) AQ111118 000112Cliifl7 7011 bull do SIaIItVII1 150B2IliiUS T[j( bull do t apjrOld(1)ut IjIJ2UJWbullbull ~ iOl) PUTfllH flrUi ~ nitle rl~t o( Irrlgltcd corti l (fOl I litr1tc Rlln1 n n~o bull 7JX 12I1lJI(~ south of lIrun(gt311 Whltlmiddotmmiddotintllmb B2617l 72 bull 12 mllmiddots llllllh lr Jlruwa ml Onl) 111ly ]Jllll If Ie illrlw~

road to Ioulltrtin Hurrl(B2fJ572 1 72A ~ do bull S(mcva S[l bull gt 300

St footnote Itt (lId or It(lJl~bull

__

24 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGH~CULTURE

rARLH 2-SclclIium content oj 8)il~ lIur(18 awl vegetation Jrom (Ialt Nevada idahQ mId Oregon-Colltil111ed

IDlJO- ConUIIIll(1

S~I~lIll1l11ll1-Lnhorn i

bull Fieldtory Pillce 01 collectIon )[ntcrlnl ------ shyXomiddotNo Soli or W~elnI----1------------- ~ ----- - ----J~~-

I 1 I III 1middot11 II

D26573bullbullbull 73bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 72 IIIl1es sOlllhpst of )(ollnmiddot J)1rkmiddothrown silt loalll 0middot8 in 01 tnln lIolll~ clw$

1I2657L 73 do d OrnyhrownslltlonlJlS 12 Inmiddot 1 I chIs Ihllrd Jllllll bull

B2M75 bullbull It do_ bullbull IIIII lev) 51) ro 1326570 3U do _ _ Wild lJIIISUlnl I B265n 74 bull 15 mll5 lOrtll(s( of Iollrlmiddot Omy slit loanJ 0 8lnch~s 1

tlin lIOIIIC on e S Xo 10 1326578 74A bull_ do 1amp111101114 sp _ o 1120579 75 3 lIIihs w~St 01 lhUlIlIIctt on (lmy chl~middot 0-10 IlIlIl~S 2

USXo30 ~ ~do ~~~ ~~ ~~ It f i(JIIIIllJ ~ lt~ Imiddot lt10 IJrollllM leearum nnr H2tJ~80 _ bullbull do lJ tcctarulII 75 ((rt from j

B2CSO 13211 bullbull do Wfld paTSnhllW5und ~cC(ls 2 D26M bullbull bull tlo bull NaTllfvu~l) bull L bullbull i50 B2f bullbull do 1ndlnn p1 nthrush 4 1120586bullbullbullbull a miI~s wcst 01 IT nlJllllNt OO Fine 1IMt cln~middot bull

yards lIorth o( State Ronll 1middot in cut

l2(lgt87bullbullbullbull 70X Hurd whiw dtw bull r 1I2fgtS8 70Y Y(middotlIow soCt (~mrSC sandstone II l~ 1I20589 7i 6 mlltmiddots (llSt of Hnnunett 011 Grn~ sil t loalll 0-10 Inchgt a

[ S Xo 3U DZtIiOO _bullbull 77X do Luill B2M9I 7 do SI(IIIcp sp I 90 1I2059L is 00 1Il11~ ~lIst Of Bliss on LI)lmiddot $ I O~IIII~d~~lilA~ omiddot to ill(h~sXu au 1I~6593 7SY I do i nrnr shnJtollkl (middotIny -I10 111() (1[

t (sJl2amp9t $X t do 1IIn frOIll (ap IIb()11L ~~J(j nel 0

nllon ~Q SI

Ibull1I20595 78Z Ishy do Yellowlshmiddot~my silt loam 0middotmiddot10 2 I jl(h~s (undlT 1121l5U71

1l20590 78A_ do -111lI1I1I1II 100 1I2fli9L liB do 11~lIii ~1i 1I261il 78( ~ I IIIflruf Idodo 1l205Xj 7SIl 1 slfJwphJlllua I l~~itOO S do SllIlleVII bipilllWfl iU 112ffCIJ itL 12 mllf$ northwIst of Bnhl Oray 011 5mltly 10(1111 IImiddot Hl 2

I III(middoth(middot$ 1lfJf~J2 70 10 bull SIIIllrYfl sJl J21l B2~H4 ~IX l ~7 mil-s ~nsl or middotnyun on (lrny shull 1

Tlncnp nmiddot(middot 1l~6f1W S~ do OnlY (Iar 101l1ll Omiddots Immiddotl(s II

1111ltr 1I211JIS 1I2rf17 HZ du 111111$10111 nlldr B2flnn 1 1l2fgtfliS tlo (oTIluli flUff~i~ 7 1l~~i611 IX 11 1II11(sust II( IIYlllhOI1 inmiddot TlllnmiddotII(middotddld nmiddotdllishmiddothrown middot1

CUJl (nmiddotImiddotk halmiddot

f)rt~(ln Stllt(middot ~III ~tn bull It IllllylshmiddotlrowlI sill loam U~ U 1 middotnhmiddot ilwiUs

1l2fiij5 40 J mHll IfLSt ur Hit- un tritt~ Ji~ht bro n ill I1I1Im II III Hom12S Immiddotlumiddots

B~gtti510 middotlIiA flu 1111111111 fIrHZiff) -17 ~ Iflihmiddots ~()uth of Olllnrifl tn Hotli-11 rlrruJiJIOIJC -antltuup

-Iatmiddot 101111201 Jl2flMS 11 dll 1 1I1H1WilIII1S1lfl11 I~ In ~Iwkjr Crc(k CnJ)~ UU up 1~r(tglil I

prllll(hlll Hlltmiddothill IliA J IJ IlIiltS 11I1hmiddot~ IIf Jordnn tlu

III1(Y112M2I al) III [I(middots wmiddot~1 of Junl1I1 Yull(S Ji~hlmiddothruJl loam u In [mmiddothmiddot R20r~L do 1rlfUflillp

SIe foMIIQ n t llIil or [nhl bull

SELENIUl[ OCCURRENCE IN SOlTS SEVENlH UEPOU1 25

11111 2-SelclIifII tOIlCllt of 80i8 illrIII~ and IIcgNallon from Utah Nevada Idaho ami Oregon-Continued

(l It~OOX- (onllnU(tl

-~T +1 r-lcn lu III Inshy

Jtho~nmiddot1 FI((] I Ilor ~o II lllle of (ull(llon lllIrrlnl ~o I bull bull 1011 or Vc~etamiddot

IIIlneml tlon

---middot-l---middot-middot--------middotmiddotmiddotmiddot--i --------- shy 1 PlIII 11) m

1l2r1Jl I iiiX In rul 110111( Owylu Hhw ot YcllowlshmiddothrowlI silllonlll f 02 HOIIII i

1l21l1rJ i 1i2 middotllIIil$ w~st of ((0111( lnlh(uJ 1ljlht-Hrnr slit 10nl11 in ertCk I 20 i (ounty i cOt I

U~f)itl 1 r2 do SI(JIlleJlI Sf) ~ 3f~) B211i21J 11 G1Il1ls wst or Houl Inlhcur Y(lIuwishhrulllI (lllranOus 5

(HIll ~rnlr 10nll1 0middotmiddot10 fnches dn 811lltf SIl 2)(1

t~ 11111 north Qf Sb 1 Inlmiddot OrnnoI ~rn)lshhrl)wll IImiJIIWllr ourlly 0-10 Inches I121if) i 5-tA 110 i 81uIltVII sl no lI2oi30 fl) lil~ 1I1111s 11151 of HOIl1(bullbull1111middot Oray snl(( r Imllll 0middot10 hlits

hllIr COlIlIly fi5X do 1I1Iltlsllll1( gt5A do Ill1lleYII sp 1110 ()lj middot1 mills rnrlh (If ((OIU~ Oil mati YmiddotlIowlshmiddothrO1l llultly loam

10 ~oil)rurlJl tHu hllh~s do SII IIlfPII sp 18(1

11 milos l1orthwIS[ or HOUl 011 1lghL JrruIly slllldy IOIUII 8

1

roali 10 Fullyfurm lImiddot 1IIIIIChi$ ilo SlallleJa SII 10 do I btrkwilhii I

~ millS lIorlhI$[ nf HOIl1 011 LIghlmiddotjrrtl) SlUHI) loam 0-10 road 10 FuilHnrm bull mllH~ I

1126519 do iilfllllrJll 51 n~tlfil() tin IlI(illln I III ru~h middot1 J 112iiH1 5 mils llIth fir ~Inw Hond ~I 1l~htmiddothrowlI ~ilt 10alll OmiddotIIJ bull

bull n road to Hlwrsldt 111(1111

1120512 d) 1rlgiIII ~I H~~i5ta r millS Inst or (msf(fltl tnmiddot IllalomlltoIlS Nlrlh bull 1

Hl(rsid(ll on ~lnh Ituml ~)L 1 Ill lIIilS NISL or JUlltura on (lmy SUlldy loam

tml ((unci M 61 h) 1 sltlnlhvllfl~ ti2 i lJIihlltlL IlfJUllturtllI1l Io( Ortwll) ~rny lt111 101111 tl-JU bullor

IImII inrhs 1i21i5IT 12 do A bullbull llIllllVUII bullbull U2flrIllt 11 lfJ tnHhO t+Sl of Vall flU ~Hlhmiddot IlInlnllllltNJUS 1(Ifh

((mlllL III 111m Imiddottlf lIlr un 10[( lrown slit 1011111 II-Itl hllhlllt 1

HondM do l[lIlfll

J)lsCelSION OF IhT H)H LTmiddotII

BixtY-thltC lfLmpJls of soils minPIus nod Y(~(lnli()11 (l( (ol((middott(l(1 ill nuh mmpts B2(jfl7f to H20f)S7 il1(usi P hY JHIlHS A Hob(I-t shyson of Bli~hnm Youll~ CniYClsity nncl SllllJplp= B272middotll to 1327244 nnd B272l3 to B27201gt In W T Huf]mulln of tJ( BUINIl of Animal 1ndllsll Fllitld Stnlt= i)ppnr(1lH1I1 (If gli(lllUJ(

or sl)((in inlpllsl 111( thl dutn olgtlnillNI ill l1OO (nnY0J) IIPIII UW tOWIl of PIOO H(lIth lind (011 II (hoIs (11 (((lOIINI Io(ks of Pllleozoic ngl in PIOO Cnnyoll to Ill (I~ SliIllifllols JnnllS RolHltson nSilf1 t111 I nit(lls in ()(nting till IIrllI illyoh(1 A slllllph of shnll (B2G44i)) tnktll III tlw mouth of PlOnl (IIIlYOII (middot(Il(uin(d )4 p p Ill

bull of sPCllium tiJp loil iB2()JI~ 1 W p p Ill nntl Stanley( jJimwta (B2G444) glOin~ in tiwloil l-HO p p m OInlH lN1YlS und 11(shyIlowth sl(olI1s (1320447) (ollldld III it viJl(ynld IlNllby (olltnlOld 40 p p m

bullbull

I~ 26 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

Ten samples of shale and interbedded linlCstone wore collected at seven locations in exposures on both the east and the west sido of middotUtah Lake The selenium content of these shales and limestones ranged from 04 p p m in a sample collected in Munnillg (B26471) to 54 p p m in U sumple tuken 6 miles north of Provo (B26445) The formation from which these snmples werc collected is the Manshyning Canyon shak lepolt(d to uc of Carboniferous age (13) It is evident that this formation vari(s considcrnbly in s(ienium content and that it may giv( rise to highlysdcniferolls soils No Ilrea of ally considcrnble ext(nt IlOwev(r is known in whieh the soils arc derived from lVlanning Cnnyon shnlo It is of intlLlst primllllly becnuse it is the oldest sedimentllly formntion known to be slleniferolls

lwcnty-eight sampks of soils minerals anel vegrtatioll were collect((l at 13 locntions in the western plains of Utah in the rpgioll formerly covel((l by the nnci(l1t Bonneville Lake The soil samplts ranged in selenium (ontpnt from 01 to 06 p p m (tablp 2) FOUl samples of StanleJ(pound (B27263 B26478 B26482 and B2(485) conshytained 1 25 10 und 60 p p m lPsprdivrly Astl(lfalu~ utahensis Torr and Gray (B26491) contuining ]5 p p m was fOllnd 18 mil(s cast of Cove Fort on a soil with a sp(niulI1 contpnL of only 01 p p m Another sample of A 1itahensi8 (B26467) col1(ded 3 mil(s north of Tooele contained 25 p p m WllllN1S tl1l soil on which it gl(W (onshytained only 02 p p m 111lt5(1 sumpltS do noL indieulC a highly

bull stlCniferous nlea The Astrafali und Stanl(ya howeYCI plodult( Illl early spring growth DOJ1wstic Ilnimn]s pnltilulally sh((p 111( not careful in the srltctio11 of their food wll(ln tlllY nrC l)(ing mo((I and many Il1rgr bands of shrrp are drivrn l1eross w(shln rtnh in spring A know](dg( of tIl( existel1C( oj allY Consid(lJahk coloniCs of t1H seltnium-indicatol plants would be usdul in I1voiding lossts of sitlep bull caused by acute S(ICIlium poisoning ns it is tlH pll1ctiee of shcepnHn to cirel( nlens containing poisonous lnngr pltlnts

A lluml(1l of samprs of vCgdation and a frw soil samples rolrcllci in the dll1inngt hasin of till Grcen Rinl in rHstelll Utl1h w([e anulyzed for sCllnium a11(1 th( IllIrits 111( ineluded ill tnble 2 [hes( mngl flOlll n snmpl( of A8traoal1l8 coltoni rOlliS (B27243) with IlO cl(tp(tnbl( quantity of sel(nium to It Sta7lleyft snmplp (B2G97R) contnining G70 p p m TIH IlIllt from whielt tHS( snm pl(ls W(I( collcdNI is ((_ pOlted by BY(lIs Itnd other (to) and BeaUI Itlld othCrs (4) to contain selen i ferous soils

DlSCUSSIO- OF DAT FOil XEVADA

No formul und systtllllltie in Y(sligalion hns l)Pll mack of lhC O(UlTcncC of s(lenifNOHs soils in NCYncin Hm((I It (ollsidcIahle mass of datu has fl((ulllulntpcl in themiddot littLnlul( ns U 1(lsult of ICCOllshynaissnu(e trips lhlough th( State hy p(Isons inUrpsled in thl s(IIshynium prohllm Reports hy llHmHIS of [his diyhion (10 7 18) uIHl by BCuth find otlw)s (middotn han inChldPll frngnwntfuV datu on N(flcin soils Table 2 gies tlip dala 011 levacin leCull1l1luttd Binct the Inst (p01 t

Forty-foUl snmpl(ls of soil lolk lnd Y(g(ln(iol1 from Npvalln nr( bull list(cl in tuhle 2 Slllnpl(s B272f)j to B272G2 inelIsiv( wPIe furshynished by II W Schoening of the Bureau of Animnl Industry

SELENIJM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT 27

bull samples B26968 to B26972 inclusive by Ray C Roberts of the Division of Soil Survey Burellu of Plant Industry Soils and Agricul- tuml Engineering and 21 samples of soil and vegetation collected in Clark County and vicinity were obtained through the assistance of C R Longwell of Yale University

An area of seleniferous soils has been reported in Clark County Nev (17 18) The area investigated consists roughly of part of the Las Vegas Valley extending from 60 miles northwest to about 5 miles south of Las Vegas It was not knmvn how far eastward or westard this seleniferous area extended The 21 samples were obtained to answer this question Sixteen samples numbered 1 to 8 inclusive were collected in valleys to the west of the Spring Mounshytains and also west of the Las Vegas Valley The 2 samples numshybered AO-1 and the 3 numbered MM-1 were collected in Valleys northeast and east of Las Vegas The soils were found to be unishyformly low in selenium content and the vegetation was correspondshyingly low Seven samples of Stanleya ranged in selenium content from 2 to 10 p p m It would appear that the seleniferous soils in Clark County are restricted to a relatively small area

From the data presented here together with those avaUable in the literatllre it may be said that there are numerOus examples of mildly seleniferous soils scattered throughout most of the semi desert area of Nevada Many if not most of these soils are developed from alluvial or lacustrine material Whe ther the seleni um 0 bStlveci in sue h material is due to seepage of water-soluble selenium from the adjacent mounshytains or to the erosion and deposition of selenifcrous formations is unknown

DISCUSSION OF DATA FOR IDAHO

Sixty-five samples of soil rocks and vegetation were rollected at 22 locations in southwestern Idaho and examined for selenium (table 2) The 22 soil samples ranged in selenium content from none to G p p m The 11 snmples of Stanleya ranged from 2 p p m (B26561) to 1 290 p p m (B26591) Three samples of Astragalus toan1ts Jones contamed from 100 to 990 p p m These samples were taken in nn area along the Snake RiYer extending from GiYens Springs ncar the Oregon State line to Bubl neal the ccnter of the State The selcnifcrolls soils jn this atca arc of spotty occurrence They appeal to be dcrived from the lacustrine beds of the Payette fOImation of 1Iiocenc age The lava (B26594) that overlies the Payette formation OG mile cast of Bliss (fig 6) was found to contain ouly 005 p p m of seltnium whereas the soil (B2G592) collected under an 11 toalL1l~ plant and presumably derived from the lacustrine mut(rial of the Payett( formation contaiucd 16 p p m The A toUlW~ (B2(j596) contained 100 p p m of selenium A sample of laya (B26590) tuk(n 6 miles east of Hammett had a s(lenium contcnt of 06 p p m the soil (B26589) at the same location 3 p p m and a sample of Stanleyo (B2G591) 1290 p p m No selenium-indicator plants w(re observcd on soils obviously derivcd from the lava flow of this ar(u

bull The United States O(ologic )[ap 5 shows the existence of an exshy5 U S GEoromrAr StRVEY m~OLOGIC ~II OP TUg lNIrtn SINlfS IUj2

Prepared by G W Stose and O A Lungstcdt 1933

28 jECHNICAL BULT_ETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

t

bull

Fwnm G--LUYH Ildc (1l()1I~(lpllif(roll) [lho( 1 iO(CIll l)prJ (selpllifprollti) Ptlt of Blis Idaho

posurr of CJttn(poll shales in nn lJPll along Tjncup Cnlk ill lhp 1l0rthcnstCI1l pUJt of CnJibou COllllt) JduiJo Six surnplls Wlll (ollcctcd in this I(~ion Two SHl1Iplls of sllilr (B2(jj 1 and B2GO 1 0) contailwd 01 alld OA p p Ill of spltlliull1 l(spedinly alld a sam pip of limcstolll 01 p p m A soiJ sHmpll had fI s(l(nium (OIlUllt of 06 p p m whtJ(us n sampll of (olycais (lWCO illd (B2()(i 18) bull growing in this soil (ontnill(d 7 p p m Tt nppPflJs fJom thlS( datIL that tll( CJCta((ous shul( lxpos((l in this HIPH UI( 1I0t sli(llifplOllS

DrsrXSSIO1 OF DATA FOIl OHEG()~

The Cnillti Stn[(s C(olo~i( )Iap ij hows nn nl(lL of )[i()((Ill dl shyposits in )[nllHlIJ COllllty ill (HtlJ1I OlPgOIl flS n cOlllillunlioll of til )IiOe(llC dpposit nlollg lhe Sllukp [iYll in WPSl(I1l Idaho III OJtill to detelmill( WltptJl(I til( s(ltlIif(IoUS soils dlqlolWd fJom similal dpposits in fdnho ftlsO (lxist in plstelll Ongoll 37 umplp of soil rocks nnd (gllntioll Y(Je (ollp(tld in til( 11Ilil Till llslIitS of s(pnillm n1l1lJyi of lil(sl umplls nl( iinlI in tnlgtll 2 ~ sIllIifplOus illfil WIt locnud ill til( vicinity of ROIllP nbollt (jO millS W(lst of Jordan Yfdl)~ j n ) [ullHlIl (011 II t Eiih (((n Sillll pJ(S (B2(jj23shyB2(540) w(r( (oJ]((tld at - 1()([Ltions in thi 111(11 TIll 8 soil stLmplts Inni(d in ~plllIilllH (ollt(IIL from 02 p p Ill (B2(jii~8) to 2 p p In (1320528) WI)(IPHS till 7 snlllpl( of Ialllt-yo 11Iu~(d from 7 p p m (B2(jjHlI to [jj() p p Ill (B2ji~2) Slllllpl( of [lldilill paintblllsh CB2(ij40) (olltnill(tt p p m alld I of bull ~t(JI(fI1t8b(cII)itltii TorI nlld Glll~ 1 p p Ill

Till s(Illlifploll flil of this lI(U likl tllos of [ciullO II PI)(1I I lo b( (l(lind ~hoIJy fl(~1ll the IUcllStlill( PnYltt( dtposits of ~[io((n~ lilt Thes( ods W(I( foulld Oil lill sln(JlS 1)(10 a S1IIlt1StOIllt Jlcigl III th(

6 HcC foo(uolc 5 bull

SELE~IU( OCClTHHE~Cg IN SOfLS SEYENTH HIPOHT 29

bull OwylHC YulleY 10 illllslrntlt the soil (B2(j5Hl) (ollpClld 011 lhe slopf hplow thl sllldOIll Ild~( (fig 7) (olltnirwd nR p p m of sLlpnilll11 nnd StallhlCl (BW532) growing in lhis soil (50 p p m A sl1l11plL of Sl1ll(hltonl from tlll ILtgL (ontnillLd only (JOigt p p Ill

bull

Illi snndslOlH wns promillPntly pxpopd ill lhl nrlH nlld 110 SialhIa plallts Wlre obslI(d growing Oil or nbop it 0 alll11pt wu mad

FIIII i 1(1(11 if11011 iI j f()J(~J()lIlld 1 Oil lop hlmiddotlo I jO(PII( -amlteJl1 I(rigl OJ rilll lfHk (jl IIdlp 1(1 of HOIlH OJf

to lxplolP tllf who]( of 111( nnlI whN( ~ri(J((II( d()(1i[1 (n indishy(11(d but IIU otlltl wllnifIolis oil PIl olITd ill till r((OIlshylIaisHlwCl 0 S(I(IIIitrOIl soils hn f 1)((11 lI(iouly I[)(lltld ill ()r(~()Il

SELEILJ 1 PYIUTIC 11 SLl~ 1 JHI CITY 1111

bull III llll (oursI of il1(stillliolls by tIll Diiiol1 of -oil (1l(lIlistIT and Physi(s i 011 lll splpliiIIolli s()il flyr[s hlln [)(([II(II(ly 1gt((1

1ce footllote middot1 p 2

30 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEII OF AGRICULTURE

found associated with the parent material of the soil Selenium was found to occur in these nodules of iron pyrites in higher concentrations than in the mnss of the material This fact coupled with the known occurrence of selenium in chamber sulfuric acid made by roasting pyrites and the historic fact that selenium was discovered in 1817 in the sulfuric-acid chambers in which the sulfur dioxide used was derived from certnin copper pyrites made it of interest to determine how general the associutiot of sulfur and selenium in pyrites may be

In the course of the writers surveys of areas in which seleniferous soils occur a number of samples of pyrites and sulfide ores w~re examined (6 1 30) Seventy-eight of these samples of pyrites and sulfide ores contained an average of 95 p p m of selenium with a minimum of less than 1 p p m and a maximum of 900 p p m inan ore sample from Marysvale Utah This maximum value is due perhaps to tiemannite a selenide of mercury as this mineral is found in Marysvale Twenty-three of the sulfides reported in this group contained more tlum 100 p p m of selenium while 80 percent of the samples contained 10 p p m or more

In the working of sulfide ore mines slime dumps rich in sulfides accumulate These mine dumps are frequently in natural stream beds and the mining companies make considerable effort to plevent their being carried away Settling basins in the ~tream below the dumps are used in maIlY cases Sufficient slime frequently passes these settling basins however to give a milky appearance to the water and occasional floods will carry large quantities of the sulfide slimes and deposit them in the flood plains below the mining operations

Two examples of selenium-bearing slimes fOm mining operations on flood plains are known One of these described by Byers (8) was found in the valley of the Guanajuato River State of Guanajuato Mmdco where chronic poisoning of domestic animals and possibly of human beings had resulted The occurrence of the selepiferous area in Mexico brought about by deposition of seleniferous mine waste on alluvial soils of the stream flowing by the mine dumps suggested the possibility of similar situations in the United Stntes No area of the snme mngnitllde or as dnngerous to the public health has been found A small area in the vicinity of Park City Utah however resembles the ~Icxican situation in many rrspects

Ore was discovered in Park City 27 miles east of Salt Lake City in 1869 and mines Wlre opened the following year Silvel gold lead zinc ilnd a little copper are taken from suIHdc orcs 73500 ounces of gold and about 1100000 ounc(s of silnr were shipped from the two mincs operating there in 1939 20000 tons of lead and zinc also werc obtained (35 p 378) rhis ore is ground and concenshytrated and the metnl-tmiddotich fraction is sent to a smeltel at Salt Lake Oity

The slimes discarded in the fiotntioll arc dumped along the edge of Silver Creek Because of complaints by farmers along Silnl Creek and the Web(t River into which the slimes eventually nre cnrried by Silver Creek it settling basin WfiS established by the mining comshypanies In times of high water or of increased activity at the mineS the flow from tIlpound settling basin is milky with slimes

Some years ago a sample of lead concentrate from these mines was obtained by T D Rice of the Division of Soil Survey of this Bureau

bull

bull

bull

31 SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT

bull

bull

bull

Labom

l I

Field I

tor~ Place of collection Xo Xo I

----1---1

1126454 13X 1Park City Utuh B26-155bullbullbull JlX i __ do D21H60 I W bullbull 1111111cs eas~ of Park City

I I B26-1t1O 1 HI bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbulldo D2646Lbull l liX 2j mllcs cnst of Park City at

1 settling basin D26456_ISX ) H mile north of settling basin B26-157bull ISY I middotdObull

D2t1458 bull J 1M bullbulldo D2tH5Lmiddotmiddott luB do

B27216IPCL H mile north of)~ttling basin

D27217 PCIA J~~~~I~~ a~~~~~~~~~I~~ B27218 PC2 H mile north of settling basin

Cllst side of tlood plain D2i219 1(2 1 do ]127220 Ica1 imllenorth of settling bIIsin

1127221 PC3A 1 I~J~et~~r~bullbull~~~~ D27222 PC3 II __ 1 ~2 01110 north of settling bllsin

I between IC2 und PC3 D27223 1(4 I H mile north of scttling basin I west side of fiood plain 1127224 t P(4A do B27225 PCs

11272~0 PC5A 1127227 ) PCo

I U2722S t jCHA B27220 _ ~ P(flB_ 1127210

B2721l pound127212

1127211 112723middot1

11272~5 1126-112

B2fHG1

and analyzed for sole nimh by the writers It contained 385 p p m of selenium (6) This analysis coupled with the complaints of the farmers all)ng the streams affected led to a preliminary investigation of the area to see whether selenium was a factor in the losses of cattle and horses These losses were reputed to be due to lead poisoning caused by the slimes deposited on the fornge tlmt the animals ingested

The method of sampling was similal in piau to that used in lrapuato Mexico (8) Tht ores slimes and silted water and the soils and vegetation of the flood plain as well as the soils above the flood plain wmc examined rOI selenium The data obtained in this examination am given in table 3

TABLE 3-Seleniullt cOltent 0 solis minerals pyritic ~lillles (HId vegetation in the vicinity 0 Park City Utah

I PC j 51i miles north ofSNtilng bllsinl iolotlled ycllow1shmiddotgrll y silt

nlong iilcr Crclk )51) YllrdS l(lalU OS Inches west of 1Cl in lIood plain

i 1(0 1__ middotlt10 ~lIltUrt Jtncufluu) CureI 18X I il miles southwest of IIIIShIP I ~llId front SiIr Cnki up Silver Crtmiddot(middotkI lOX I In etldy or 8l1nr (nck ilL do _ i 20 I Wunship I

1(7

P(7A PCS

[eRA

~ mile north of settlin~ b[L~in

L~middot~Sf~~~~~~~oo~_p~a~nmiddot1 A~~~I~~~ 11 1 I middot1 miles north of settling busin I ~inc sund 0-7 inches in llood 45 I nlong Silver Creek Plnin

i do ~ ~ ~ ~ ___ ~ _ Sedg~p(tlt-24inchtS~~_ n

f -~lt1o ~ ~~~ ~L~~_~_ ~ Sedgt growing in prn _ 2 4 miltmiddots north of settling hllsin) Brown 101l1ll 0middot8 fnches irrlmiddot middotmiddot3middot

along SlInr Cn~k ellst Side giltcd from SlIer CClock Ilt)OC lIood plain

t do _ Alfalfllgrowingin 1(7 5 5~mntSI1(lrthofsettlingbasin1 Drown llUlU () S 11ICh~s irrimiddot

L[II~I~g Silv~~CCCk ArrtXI bull bull

~~~ bull

Maleriul Soil or IVegetnmiddot

~~ IPPIlI Pp Ill

Sulfidcorc 540 _ Cllrbonulcorc60 Wllter from Silcr Creck above 001

settling busin Sedimcntfrom wllterXo16 25 Mine sliwes In basln175

Mine slimcs in Silcr Creek 70 Sulfidc-rlh mnd In Sliver 125

CnCk Mixed grasses 5 Reddish-brown algae in Sliver 15

CreekOrn~ slit loam 0middot8 Inches 4

bullTUIICI1 bnltirrM 1 1 Oruvclly fine sand pyritic 60 j

0-8 inches I J blIicll GraVelly fincsundpyritic bull __ bull 60 I

1 Crusp bull 1 lIlow leafiets bullbullbull bullbull 1 Sandy 101lm pyritic 0-12 t 30

inches I

Sedge pcut 0middot6 trlChes __ 70 Brown gmclly loam 0-0 4 I

B2t~I6-1 bull 20X j I mile south of Wanshfp In I Mud frolll WQbrr HiIcr ahon 1 i (ddy of Weber iIcr t Sliver (r~ck

~~r~middotmiddotII~II~~~OnhE~ IW~~~hir) in I ~3W~~~r~~~~~~~r~~~~~~~~___t~__ I XOlle de[ecled

SELENIJM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT 27

bull samples B26968 to B26972 inclusive by Ray C Roberts of the Division of Soil Survey Burellu of Plant Industry Soils and Agricul- tuml Engineering and 21 samples of soil and vegetation collected in Clark County and vicinity were obtained through the assistance of C R Longwell of Yale University

An area of seleniferous soils has been reported in Clark County Nev (17 18) The area investigated consists roughly of part of the Las Vegas Valley extending from 60 miles northwest to about 5 miles south of Las Vegas It was not knmvn how far eastward or westard this seleniferous area extended The 21 samples were obtained to answer this question Sixteen samples numbered 1 to 8 inclusive were collected in valleys to the west of the Spring Mounshytains and also west of the Las Vegas Valley The 2 samples numshybered AO-1 and the 3 numbered MM-1 were collected in Valleys northeast and east of Las Vegas The soils were found to be unishyformly low in selenium content and the vegetation was correspondshyingly low Seven samples of Stanleya ranged in selenium content from 2 to 10 p p m It would appear that the seleniferous soils in Clark County are restricted to a relatively small area

From the data presented here together with those avaUable in the literatllre it may be said that there are numerOus examples of mildly seleniferous soils scattered throughout most of the semi desert area of Nevada Many if not most of these soils are developed from alluvial or lacustrine material Whe ther the seleni um 0 bStlveci in sue h material is due to seepage of water-soluble selenium from the adjacent mounshytains or to the erosion and deposition of selenifcrous formations is unknown

DISCUSSION OF DATA FOR IDAHO

Sixty-five samples of soil rocks and vegetation were rollected at 22 locations in southwestern Idaho and examined for selenium (table 2) The 22 soil samples ranged in selenium content from none to G p p m The 11 snmples of Stanleya ranged from 2 p p m (B26561) to 1 290 p p m (B26591) Three samples of Astragalus toan1ts Jones contamed from 100 to 990 p p m These samples were taken in nn area along the Snake RiYer extending from GiYens Springs ncar the Oregon State line to Bubl neal the ccnter of the State The selcnifcrolls soils jn this atca arc of spotty occurrence They appeal to be dcrived from the lacustrine beds of the Payette fOImation of 1Iiocenc age The lava (B26594) that overlies the Payette formation OG mile cast of Bliss (fig 6) was found to contain ouly 005 p p m of seltnium whereas the soil (B2G592) collected under an 11 toalL1l~ plant and presumably derived from the lacustrine mut(rial of the Payett( formation contaiucd 16 p p m The A toUlW~ (B2(j596) contained 100 p p m of selenium A sample of laya (B26590) tuk(n 6 miles east of Hammett had a s(lenium contcnt of 06 p p m the soil (B26589) at the same location 3 p p m and a sample of Stanleyo (B2G591) 1290 p p m No selenium-indicator plants w(re observcd on soils obviously derivcd from the lava flow of this ar(u

bull The United States O(ologic )[ap 5 shows the existence of an exshy5 U S GEoromrAr StRVEY m~OLOGIC ~II OP TUg lNIrtn SINlfS IUj2

Prepared by G W Stose and O A Lungstcdt 1933

28 jECHNICAL BULT_ETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

t

bull

Fwnm G--LUYH Ildc (1l()1I~(lpllif(roll) [lho( 1 iO(CIll l)prJ (selpllifprollti) Ptlt of Blis Idaho

posurr of CJttn(poll shales in nn lJPll along Tjncup Cnlk ill lhp 1l0rthcnstCI1l pUJt of CnJibou COllllt) JduiJo Six surnplls Wlll (ollcctcd in this I(~ion Two SHl1Iplls of sllilr (B2(jj 1 and B2GO 1 0) contailwd 01 alld OA p p Ill of spltlliull1 l(spedinly alld a sam pip of limcstolll 01 p p m A soiJ sHmpll had fI s(l(nium (OIlUllt of 06 p p m whtJ(us n sampll of (olycais (lWCO illd (B2()(i 18) bull growing in this soil (ontnill(d 7 p p m Tt nppPflJs fJom thlS( datIL that tll( CJCta((ous shul( lxpos((l in this HIPH UI( 1I0t sli(llifplOllS

DrsrXSSIO1 OF DATA FOIl OHEG()~

The Cnillti Stn[(s C(olo~i( )Iap ij hows nn nl(lL of )[i()((Ill dl shyposits in )[nllHlIJ COllllty ill (HtlJ1I OlPgOIl flS n cOlllillunlioll of til )IiOe(llC dpposit nlollg lhe Sllukp [iYll in WPSl(I1l Idaho III OJtill to detelmill( WltptJl(I til( s(ltlIif(IoUS soils dlqlolWd fJom similal dpposits in fdnho ftlsO (lxist in plstelll Ongoll 37 umplp of soil rocks nnd (gllntioll Y(Je (ollp(tld in til( 11Ilil Till llslIitS of s(pnillm n1l1lJyi of lil(sl umplls nl( iinlI in tnlgtll 2 ~ sIllIifplOus illfil WIt locnud ill til( vicinity of ROIllP nbollt (jO millS W(lst of Jordan Yfdl)~ j n ) [ullHlIl (011 II t Eiih (((n Sillll pJ(S (B2(jj23shyB2(540) w(r( (oJ]((tld at - 1()([Ltions in thi 111(11 TIll 8 soil stLmplts Inni(d in ~plllIilllH (ollt(IIL from 02 p p Ill (B2(jii~8) to 2 p p In (1320528) WI)(IPHS till 7 snlllpl( of Ialllt-yo 11Iu~(d from 7 p p m (B2(jjHlI to [jj() p p Ill (B2ji~2) Slllllpl( of [lldilill paintblllsh CB2(ij40) (olltnill(tt p p m alld I of bull ~t(JI(fI1t8b(cII)itltii TorI nlld Glll~ 1 p p Ill

Till s(Illlifploll flil of this lI(U likl tllos of [ciullO II PI)(1I I lo b( (l(lind ~hoIJy fl(~1ll the IUcllStlill( PnYltt( dtposits of ~[io((n~ lilt Thes( ods W(I( foulld Oil lill sln(JlS 1)(10 a S1IIlt1StOIllt Jlcigl III th(

6 HcC foo(uolc 5 bull

SELE~IU( OCClTHHE~Cg IN SOfLS SEYENTH HIPOHT 29

bull OwylHC YulleY 10 illllslrntlt the soil (B2(j5Hl) (ollpClld 011 lhe slopf hplow thl sllldOIll Ild~( (fig 7) (olltnirwd nR p p m of sLlpnilll11 nnd StallhlCl (BW532) growing in lhis soil (50 p p m A sl1l11plL of Sl1ll(hltonl from tlll ILtgL (ontnillLd only (JOigt p p Ill

bull

Illi snndslOlH wns promillPntly pxpopd ill lhl nrlH nlld 110 SialhIa plallts Wlre obslI(d growing Oil or nbop it 0 alll11pt wu mad

FIIII i 1(1(11 if11011 iI j f()J(~J()lIlld 1 Oil lop hlmiddotlo I jO(PII( -amlteJl1 I(rigl OJ rilll lfHk (jl IIdlp 1(1 of HOIlH OJf

to lxplolP tllf who]( of 111( nnlI whN( ~ri(J((II( d()(1i[1 (n indishy(11(d but IIU otlltl wllnifIolis oil PIl olITd ill till r((OIlshylIaisHlwCl 0 S(I(IIIitrOIl soils hn f 1)((11 lI(iouly I[)(lltld ill ()r(~()Il

SELEILJ 1 PYIUTIC 11 SLl~ 1 JHI CITY 1111

bull III llll (oursI of il1(stillliolls by tIll Diiiol1 of -oil (1l(lIlistIT and Physi(s i 011 lll splpliiIIolli s()il flyr[s hlln [)(([II(II(ly 1gt((1

1ce footllote middot1 p 2

30 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEII OF AGRICULTURE

found associated with the parent material of the soil Selenium was found to occur in these nodules of iron pyrites in higher concentrations than in the mnss of the material This fact coupled with the known occurrence of selenium in chamber sulfuric acid made by roasting pyrites and the historic fact that selenium was discovered in 1817 in the sulfuric-acid chambers in which the sulfur dioxide used was derived from certnin copper pyrites made it of interest to determine how general the associutiot of sulfur and selenium in pyrites may be

In the course of the writers surveys of areas in which seleniferous soils occur a number of samples of pyrites and sulfide ores w~re examined (6 1 30) Seventy-eight of these samples of pyrites and sulfide ores contained an average of 95 p p m of selenium with a minimum of less than 1 p p m and a maximum of 900 p p m inan ore sample from Marysvale Utah This maximum value is due perhaps to tiemannite a selenide of mercury as this mineral is found in Marysvale Twenty-three of the sulfides reported in this group contained more tlum 100 p p m of selenium while 80 percent of the samples contained 10 p p m or more

In the working of sulfide ore mines slime dumps rich in sulfides accumulate These mine dumps are frequently in natural stream beds and the mining companies make considerable effort to plevent their being carried away Settling basins in the ~tream below the dumps are used in maIlY cases Sufficient slime frequently passes these settling basins however to give a milky appearance to the water and occasional floods will carry large quantities of the sulfide slimes and deposit them in the flood plains below the mining operations

Two examples of selenium-bearing slimes fOm mining operations on flood plains are known One of these described by Byers (8) was found in the valley of the Guanajuato River State of Guanajuato Mmdco where chronic poisoning of domestic animals and possibly of human beings had resulted The occurrence of the selepiferous area in Mexico brought about by deposition of seleniferous mine waste on alluvial soils of the stream flowing by the mine dumps suggested the possibility of similar situations in the United Stntes No area of the snme mngnitllde or as dnngerous to the public health has been found A small area in the vicinity of Park City Utah however resembles the ~Icxican situation in many rrspects

Ore was discovered in Park City 27 miles east of Salt Lake City in 1869 and mines Wlre opened the following year Silvel gold lead zinc ilnd a little copper are taken from suIHdc orcs 73500 ounces of gold and about 1100000 ounc(s of silnr were shipped from the two mincs operating there in 1939 20000 tons of lead and zinc also werc obtained (35 p 378) rhis ore is ground and concenshytrated and the metnl-tmiddotich fraction is sent to a smeltel at Salt Lake Oity

The slimes discarded in the fiotntioll arc dumped along the edge of Silver Creek Because of complaints by farmers along Silnl Creek and the Web(t River into which the slimes eventually nre cnrried by Silver Creek it settling basin WfiS established by the mining comshypanies In times of high water or of increased activity at the mineS the flow from tIlpound settling basin is milky with slimes

Some years ago a sample of lead concentrate from these mines was obtained by T D Rice of the Division of Soil Survey of this Bureau

bull

bull

bull

31 SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT

bull

bull

bull

Labom

l I

Field I

tor~ Place of collection Xo Xo I

----1---1

1126454 13X 1Park City Utuh B26-155bullbullbull JlX i __ do D21H60 I W bullbull 1111111cs eas~ of Park City

I I B26-1t1O 1 HI bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbulldo D2646Lbull l liX 2j mllcs cnst of Park City at

1 settling basin D26456_ISX ) H mile north of settling basin B26-157bull ISY I middotdObull

D2t1458 bull J 1M bullbulldo D2tH5Lmiddotmiddott luB do

B27216IPCL H mile north of)~ttling basin

D27217 PCIA J~~~~I~~ a~~~~~~~~~I~~ B27218 PC2 H mile north of settling basin

Cllst side of tlood plain D2i219 1(2 1 do ]127220 Ica1 imllenorth of settling bIIsin

1127221 PC3A 1 I~J~et~~r~bullbull~~~~ D27222 PC3 II __ 1 ~2 01110 north of settling bllsin

I between IC2 und PC3 D27223 1(4 I H mile north of scttling basin I west side of fiood plain 1127224 t P(4A do B27225 PCs

11272~0 PC5A 1127227 ) PCo

I U2722S t jCHA B27220 _ ~ P(flB_ 1127210

B2721l pound127212

1127211 112723middot1

11272~5 1126-112

B2fHG1

and analyzed for sole nimh by the writers It contained 385 p p m of selenium (6) This analysis coupled with the complaints of the farmers all)ng the streams affected led to a preliminary investigation of the area to see whether selenium was a factor in the losses of cattle and horses These losses were reputed to be due to lead poisoning caused by the slimes deposited on the fornge tlmt the animals ingested

The method of sampling was similal in piau to that used in lrapuato Mexico (8) Tht ores slimes and silted water and the soils and vegetation of the flood plain as well as the soils above the flood plain wmc examined rOI selenium The data obtained in this examination am given in table 3

TABLE 3-Seleniullt cOltent 0 solis minerals pyritic ~lillles (HId vegetation in the vicinity 0 Park City Utah

I PC j 51i miles north ofSNtilng bllsinl iolotlled ycllow1shmiddotgrll y silt

nlong iilcr Crclk )51) YllrdS l(lalU OS Inches west of 1Cl in lIood plain

i 1(0 1__ middotlt10 ~lIltUrt Jtncufluu) CureI 18X I il miles southwest of IIIIShIP I ~llId front SiIr Cnki up Silver Crtmiddot(middotkI lOX I In etldy or 8l1nr (nck ilL do _ i 20 I Wunship I

1(7

P(7A PCS

[eRA

~ mile north of settlin~ b[L~in

L~middot~Sf~~~~~~~oo~_p~a~nmiddot1 A~~~I~~~ 11 1 I middot1 miles north of settling busin I ~inc sund 0-7 inches in llood 45 I nlong Silver Creek Plnin

i do ~ ~ ~ ~ ___ ~ _ Sedg~p(tlt-24inchtS~~_ n

f -~lt1o ~ ~~~ ~L~~_~_ ~ Sedgt growing in prn _ 2 4 miltmiddots north of settling hllsin) Brown 101l1ll 0middot8 fnches irrlmiddot middotmiddot3middot

along SlInr Cn~k ellst Side giltcd from SlIer CClock Ilt)OC lIood plain

t do _ Alfalfllgrowingin 1(7 5 5~mntSI1(lrthofsettlingbasin1 Drown llUlU () S 11ICh~s irrimiddot

L[II~I~g Silv~~CCCk ArrtXI bull bull

~~~ bull

Maleriul Soil or IVegetnmiddot

~~ IPPIlI Pp Ill

Sulfidcorc 540 _ Cllrbonulcorc60 Wllter from Silcr Creck above 001

settling busin Sedimcntfrom wllterXo16 25 Mine sliwes In basln175

Mine slimcs in Silcr Creek 70 Sulfidc-rlh mnd In Sliver 125

CnCk Mixed grasses 5 Reddish-brown algae in Sliver 15

CreekOrn~ slit loam 0middot8 Inches 4

bullTUIICI1 bnltirrM 1 1 Oruvclly fine sand pyritic 60 j

0-8 inches I J blIicll GraVelly fincsundpyritic bull __ bull 60 I

1 Crusp bull 1 lIlow leafiets bullbullbull bullbull 1 Sandy 101lm pyritic 0-12 t 30

inches I

Sedge pcut 0middot6 trlChes __ 70 Brown gmclly loam 0-0 4 I

B2t~I6-1 bull 20X j I mile south of Wanshfp In I Mud frolll WQbrr HiIcr ahon 1 i (ddy of Weber iIcr t Sliver (r~ck

~~r~middotmiddotII~II~~~OnhE~ IW~~~hir) in I ~3W~~~r~~~~~~~r~~~~~~~~___t~__ I XOlle de[ecled

28 jECHNICAL BULT_ETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

t

bull

Fwnm G--LUYH Ildc (1l()1I~(lpllif(roll) [lho( 1 iO(CIll l)prJ (selpllifprollti) Ptlt of Blis Idaho

posurr of CJttn(poll shales in nn lJPll along Tjncup Cnlk ill lhp 1l0rthcnstCI1l pUJt of CnJibou COllllt) JduiJo Six surnplls Wlll (ollcctcd in this I(~ion Two SHl1Iplls of sllilr (B2(jj 1 and B2GO 1 0) contailwd 01 alld OA p p Ill of spltlliull1 l(spedinly alld a sam pip of limcstolll 01 p p m A soiJ sHmpll had fI s(l(nium (OIlUllt of 06 p p m whtJ(us n sampll of (olycais (lWCO illd (B2()(i 18) bull growing in this soil (ontnill(d 7 p p m Tt nppPflJs fJom thlS( datIL that tll( CJCta((ous shul( lxpos((l in this HIPH UI( 1I0t sli(llifplOllS

DrsrXSSIO1 OF DATA FOIl OHEG()~

The Cnillti Stn[(s C(olo~i( )Iap ij hows nn nl(lL of )[i()((Ill dl shyposits in )[nllHlIJ COllllty ill (HtlJ1I OlPgOIl flS n cOlllillunlioll of til )IiOe(llC dpposit nlollg lhe Sllukp [iYll in WPSl(I1l Idaho III OJtill to detelmill( WltptJl(I til( s(ltlIif(IoUS soils dlqlolWd fJom similal dpposits in fdnho ftlsO (lxist in plstelll Ongoll 37 umplp of soil rocks nnd (gllntioll Y(Je (ollp(tld in til( 11Ilil Till llslIitS of s(pnillm n1l1lJyi of lil(sl umplls nl( iinlI in tnlgtll 2 ~ sIllIifplOus illfil WIt locnud ill til( vicinity of ROIllP nbollt (jO millS W(lst of Jordan Yfdl)~ j n ) [ullHlIl (011 II t Eiih (((n Sillll pJ(S (B2(jj23shyB2(540) w(r( (oJ]((tld at - 1()([Ltions in thi 111(11 TIll 8 soil stLmplts Inni(d in ~plllIilllH (ollt(IIL from 02 p p Ill (B2(jii~8) to 2 p p In (1320528) WI)(IPHS till 7 snlllpl( of Ialllt-yo 11Iu~(d from 7 p p m (B2(jjHlI to [jj() p p Ill (B2ji~2) Slllllpl( of [lldilill paintblllsh CB2(ij40) (olltnill(tt p p m alld I of bull ~t(JI(fI1t8b(cII)itltii TorI nlld Glll~ 1 p p Ill

Till s(Illlifploll flil of this lI(U likl tllos of [ciullO II PI)(1I I lo b( (l(lind ~hoIJy fl(~1ll the IUcllStlill( PnYltt( dtposits of ~[io((n~ lilt Thes( ods W(I( foulld Oil lill sln(JlS 1)(10 a S1IIlt1StOIllt Jlcigl III th(

6 HcC foo(uolc 5 bull

SELE~IU( OCClTHHE~Cg IN SOfLS SEYENTH HIPOHT 29

bull OwylHC YulleY 10 illllslrntlt the soil (B2(j5Hl) (ollpClld 011 lhe slopf hplow thl sllldOIll Ild~( (fig 7) (olltnirwd nR p p m of sLlpnilll11 nnd StallhlCl (BW532) growing in lhis soil (50 p p m A sl1l11plL of Sl1ll(hltonl from tlll ILtgL (ontnillLd only (JOigt p p Ill

bull

Illi snndslOlH wns promillPntly pxpopd ill lhl nrlH nlld 110 SialhIa plallts Wlre obslI(d growing Oil or nbop it 0 alll11pt wu mad

FIIII i 1(1(11 if11011 iI j f()J(~J()lIlld 1 Oil lop hlmiddotlo I jO(PII( -amlteJl1 I(rigl OJ rilll lfHk (jl IIdlp 1(1 of HOIlH OJf

to lxplolP tllf who]( of 111( nnlI whN( ~ri(J((II( d()(1i[1 (n indishy(11(d but IIU otlltl wllnifIolis oil PIl olITd ill till r((OIlshylIaisHlwCl 0 S(I(IIIitrOIl soils hn f 1)((11 lI(iouly I[)(lltld ill ()r(~()Il

SELEILJ 1 PYIUTIC 11 SLl~ 1 JHI CITY 1111

bull III llll (oursI of il1(stillliolls by tIll Diiiol1 of -oil (1l(lIlistIT and Physi(s i 011 lll splpliiIIolli s()il flyr[s hlln [)(([II(II(ly 1gt((1

1ce footllote middot1 p 2

30 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEII OF AGRICULTURE

found associated with the parent material of the soil Selenium was found to occur in these nodules of iron pyrites in higher concentrations than in the mnss of the material This fact coupled with the known occurrence of selenium in chamber sulfuric acid made by roasting pyrites and the historic fact that selenium was discovered in 1817 in the sulfuric-acid chambers in which the sulfur dioxide used was derived from certnin copper pyrites made it of interest to determine how general the associutiot of sulfur and selenium in pyrites may be

In the course of the writers surveys of areas in which seleniferous soils occur a number of samples of pyrites and sulfide ores w~re examined (6 1 30) Seventy-eight of these samples of pyrites and sulfide ores contained an average of 95 p p m of selenium with a minimum of less than 1 p p m and a maximum of 900 p p m inan ore sample from Marysvale Utah This maximum value is due perhaps to tiemannite a selenide of mercury as this mineral is found in Marysvale Twenty-three of the sulfides reported in this group contained more tlum 100 p p m of selenium while 80 percent of the samples contained 10 p p m or more

In the working of sulfide ore mines slime dumps rich in sulfides accumulate These mine dumps are frequently in natural stream beds and the mining companies make considerable effort to plevent their being carried away Settling basins in the ~tream below the dumps are used in maIlY cases Sufficient slime frequently passes these settling basins however to give a milky appearance to the water and occasional floods will carry large quantities of the sulfide slimes and deposit them in the flood plains below the mining operations

Two examples of selenium-bearing slimes fOm mining operations on flood plains are known One of these described by Byers (8) was found in the valley of the Guanajuato River State of Guanajuato Mmdco where chronic poisoning of domestic animals and possibly of human beings had resulted The occurrence of the selepiferous area in Mexico brought about by deposition of seleniferous mine waste on alluvial soils of the stream flowing by the mine dumps suggested the possibility of similar situations in the United Stntes No area of the snme mngnitllde or as dnngerous to the public health has been found A small area in the vicinity of Park City Utah however resembles the ~Icxican situation in many rrspects

Ore was discovered in Park City 27 miles east of Salt Lake City in 1869 and mines Wlre opened the following year Silvel gold lead zinc ilnd a little copper are taken from suIHdc orcs 73500 ounces of gold and about 1100000 ounc(s of silnr were shipped from the two mincs operating there in 1939 20000 tons of lead and zinc also werc obtained (35 p 378) rhis ore is ground and concenshytrated and the metnl-tmiddotich fraction is sent to a smeltel at Salt Lake Oity

The slimes discarded in the fiotntioll arc dumped along the edge of Silver Creek Because of complaints by farmers along Silnl Creek and the Web(t River into which the slimes eventually nre cnrried by Silver Creek it settling basin WfiS established by the mining comshypanies In times of high water or of increased activity at the mineS the flow from tIlpound settling basin is milky with slimes

Some years ago a sample of lead concentrate from these mines was obtained by T D Rice of the Division of Soil Survey of this Bureau

bull

bull

bull

31 SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT

bull

bull

bull

Labom

l I

Field I

tor~ Place of collection Xo Xo I

----1---1

1126454 13X 1Park City Utuh B26-155bullbullbull JlX i __ do D21H60 I W bullbull 1111111cs eas~ of Park City

I I B26-1t1O 1 HI bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbulldo D2646Lbull l liX 2j mllcs cnst of Park City at

1 settling basin D26456_ISX ) H mile north of settling basin B26-157bull ISY I middotdObull

D2t1458 bull J 1M bullbulldo D2tH5Lmiddotmiddott luB do

B27216IPCL H mile north of)~ttling basin

D27217 PCIA J~~~~I~~ a~~~~~~~~~I~~ B27218 PC2 H mile north of settling basin

Cllst side of tlood plain D2i219 1(2 1 do ]127220 Ica1 imllenorth of settling bIIsin

1127221 PC3A 1 I~J~et~~r~bullbull~~~~ D27222 PC3 II __ 1 ~2 01110 north of settling bllsin

I between IC2 und PC3 D27223 1(4 I H mile north of scttling basin I west side of fiood plain 1127224 t P(4A do B27225 PCs

11272~0 PC5A 1127227 ) PCo

I U2722S t jCHA B27220 _ ~ P(flB_ 1127210

B2721l pound127212

1127211 112723middot1

11272~5 1126-112

B2fHG1

and analyzed for sole nimh by the writers It contained 385 p p m of selenium (6) This analysis coupled with the complaints of the farmers all)ng the streams affected led to a preliminary investigation of the area to see whether selenium was a factor in the losses of cattle and horses These losses were reputed to be due to lead poisoning caused by the slimes deposited on the fornge tlmt the animals ingested

The method of sampling was similal in piau to that used in lrapuato Mexico (8) Tht ores slimes and silted water and the soils and vegetation of the flood plain as well as the soils above the flood plain wmc examined rOI selenium The data obtained in this examination am given in table 3

TABLE 3-Seleniullt cOltent 0 solis minerals pyritic ~lillles (HId vegetation in the vicinity 0 Park City Utah

I PC j 51i miles north ofSNtilng bllsinl iolotlled ycllow1shmiddotgrll y silt

nlong iilcr Crclk )51) YllrdS l(lalU OS Inches west of 1Cl in lIood plain

i 1(0 1__ middotlt10 ~lIltUrt Jtncufluu) CureI 18X I il miles southwest of IIIIShIP I ~llId front SiIr Cnki up Silver Crtmiddot(middotkI lOX I In etldy or 8l1nr (nck ilL do _ i 20 I Wunship I

1(7

P(7A PCS

[eRA

~ mile north of settlin~ b[L~in

L~middot~Sf~~~~~~~oo~_p~a~nmiddot1 A~~~I~~~ 11 1 I middot1 miles north of settling busin I ~inc sund 0-7 inches in llood 45 I nlong Silver Creek Plnin

i do ~ ~ ~ ~ ___ ~ _ Sedg~p(tlt-24inchtS~~_ n

f -~lt1o ~ ~~~ ~L~~_~_ ~ Sedgt growing in prn _ 2 4 miltmiddots north of settling hllsin) Brown 101l1ll 0middot8 fnches irrlmiddot middotmiddot3middot

along SlInr Cn~k ellst Side giltcd from SlIer CClock Ilt)OC lIood plain

t do _ Alfalfllgrowingin 1(7 5 5~mntSI1(lrthofsettlingbasin1 Drown llUlU () S 11ICh~s irrimiddot

L[II~I~g Silv~~CCCk ArrtXI bull bull

~~~ bull

Maleriul Soil or IVegetnmiddot

~~ IPPIlI Pp Ill

Sulfidcorc 540 _ Cllrbonulcorc60 Wllter from Silcr Creck above 001

settling busin Sedimcntfrom wllterXo16 25 Mine sliwes In basln175

Mine slimcs in Silcr Creek 70 Sulfidc-rlh mnd In Sliver 125

CnCk Mixed grasses 5 Reddish-brown algae in Sliver 15

CreekOrn~ slit loam 0middot8 Inches 4

bullTUIICI1 bnltirrM 1 1 Oruvclly fine sand pyritic 60 j

0-8 inches I J blIicll GraVelly fincsundpyritic bull __ bull 60 I

1 Crusp bull 1 lIlow leafiets bullbullbull bullbull 1 Sandy 101lm pyritic 0-12 t 30

inches I

Sedge pcut 0middot6 trlChes __ 70 Brown gmclly loam 0-0 4 I

B2t~I6-1 bull 20X j I mile south of Wanshfp In I Mud frolll WQbrr HiIcr ahon 1 i (ddy of Weber iIcr t Sliver (r~ck

~~r~middotmiddotII~II~~~OnhE~ IW~~~hir) in I ~3W~~~r~~~~~~~r~~~~~~~~___t~__ I XOlle de[ecled

SELE~IU( OCClTHHE~Cg IN SOfLS SEYENTH HIPOHT 29

bull OwylHC YulleY 10 illllslrntlt the soil (B2(j5Hl) (ollpClld 011 lhe slopf hplow thl sllldOIll Ild~( (fig 7) (olltnirwd nR p p m of sLlpnilll11 nnd StallhlCl (BW532) growing in lhis soil (50 p p m A sl1l11plL of Sl1ll(hltonl from tlll ILtgL (ontnillLd only (JOigt p p Ill

bull

Illi snndslOlH wns promillPntly pxpopd ill lhl nrlH nlld 110 SialhIa plallts Wlre obslI(d growing Oil or nbop it 0 alll11pt wu mad

FIIII i 1(1(11 if11011 iI j f()J(~J()lIlld 1 Oil lop hlmiddotlo I jO(PII( -amlteJl1 I(rigl OJ rilll lfHk (jl IIdlp 1(1 of HOIlH OJf

to lxplolP tllf who]( of 111( nnlI whN( ~ri(J((II( d()(1i[1 (n indishy(11(d but IIU otlltl wllnifIolis oil PIl olITd ill till r((OIlshylIaisHlwCl 0 S(I(IIIitrOIl soils hn f 1)((11 lI(iouly I[)(lltld ill ()r(~()Il

SELEILJ 1 PYIUTIC 11 SLl~ 1 JHI CITY 1111

bull III llll (oursI of il1(stillliolls by tIll Diiiol1 of -oil (1l(lIlistIT and Physi(s i 011 lll splpliiIIolli s()il flyr[s hlln [)(([II(II(ly 1gt((1

1ce footllote middot1 p 2

30 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEII OF AGRICULTURE

found associated with the parent material of the soil Selenium was found to occur in these nodules of iron pyrites in higher concentrations than in the mnss of the material This fact coupled with the known occurrence of selenium in chamber sulfuric acid made by roasting pyrites and the historic fact that selenium was discovered in 1817 in the sulfuric-acid chambers in which the sulfur dioxide used was derived from certnin copper pyrites made it of interest to determine how general the associutiot of sulfur and selenium in pyrites may be

In the course of the writers surveys of areas in which seleniferous soils occur a number of samples of pyrites and sulfide ores w~re examined (6 1 30) Seventy-eight of these samples of pyrites and sulfide ores contained an average of 95 p p m of selenium with a minimum of less than 1 p p m and a maximum of 900 p p m inan ore sample from Marysvale Utah This maximum value is due perhaps to tiemannite a selenide of mercury as this mineral is found in Marysvale Twenty-three of the sulfides reported in this group contained more tlum 100 p p m of selenium while 80 percent of the samples contained 10 p p m or more

In the working of sulfide ore mines slime dumps rich in sulfides accumulate These mine dumps are frequently in natural stream beds and the mining companies make considerable effort to plevent their being carried away Settling basins in the ~tream below the dumps are used in maIlY cases Sufficient slime frequently passes these settling basins however to give a milky appearance to the water and occasional floods will carry large quantities of the sulfide slimes and deposit them in the flood plains below the mining operations

Two examples of selenium-bearing slimes fOm mining operations on flood plains are known One of these described by Byers (8) was found in the valley of the Guanajuato River State of Guanajuato Mmdco where chronic poisoning of domestic animals and possibly of human beings had resulted The occurrence of the selepiferous area in Mexico brought about by deposition of seleniferous mine waste on alluvial soils of the stream flowing by the mine dumps suggested the possibility of similar situations in the United Stntes No area of the snme mngnitllde or as dnngerous to the public health has been found A small area in the vicinity of Park City Utah however resembles the ~Icxican situation in many rrspects

Ore was discovered in Park City 27 miles east of Salt Lake City in 1869 and mines Wlre opened the following year Silvel gold lead zinc ilnd a little copper are taken from suIHdc orcs 73500 ounces of gold and about 1100000 ounc(s of silnr were shipped from the two mincs operating there in 1939 20000 tons of lead and zinc also werc obtained (35 p 378) rhis ore is ground and concenshytrated and the metnl-tmiddotich fraction is sent to a smeltel at Salt Lake Oity

The slimes discarded in the fiotntioll arc dumped along the edge of Silver Creek Because of complaints by farmers along Silnl Creek and the Web(t River into which the slimes eventually nre cnrried by Silver Creek it settling basin WfiS established by the mining comshypanies In times of high water or of increased activity at the mineS the flow from tIlpound settling basin is milky with slimes

Some years ago a sample of lead concentrate from these mines was obtained by T D Rice of the Division of Soil Survey of this Bureau

bull

bull

bull

31 SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT

bull

bull

bull

Labom

l I

Field I

tor~ Place of collection Xo Xo I

----1---1

1126454 13X 1Park City Utuh B26-155bullbullbull JlX i __ do D21H60 I W bullbull 1111111cs eas~ of Park City

I I B26-1t1O 1 HI bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbulldo D2646Lbull l liX 2j mllcs cnst of Park City at

1 settling basin D26456_ISX ) H mile north of settling basin B26-157bull ISY I middotdObull

D2t1458 bull J 1M bullbulldo D2tH5Lmiddotmiddott luB do

B27216IPCL H mile north of)~ttling basin

D27217 PCIA J~~~~I~~ a~~~~~~~~~I~~ B27218 PC2 H mile north of settling basin

Cllst side of tlood plain D2i219 1(2 1 do ]127220 Ica1 imllenorth of settling bIIsin

1127221 PC3A 1 I~J~et~~r~bullbull~~~~ D27222 PC3 II __ 1 ~2 01110 north of settling bllsin

I between IC2 und PC3 D27223 1(4 I H mile north of scttling basin I west side of fiood plain 1127224 t P(4A do B27225 PCs

11272~0 PC5A 1127227 ) PCo

I U2722S t jCHA B27220 _ ~ P(flB_ 1127210

B2721l pound127212

1127211 112723middot1

11272~5 1126-112

B2fHG1

and analyzed for sole nimh by the writers It contained 385 p p m of selenium (6) This analysis coupled with the complaints of the farmers all)ng the streams affected led to a preliminary investigation of the area to see whether selenium was a factor in the losses of cattle and horses These losses were reputed to be due to lead poisoning caused by the slimes deposited on the fornge tlmt the animals ingested

The method of sampling was similal in piau to that used in lrapuato Mexico (8) Tht ores slimes and silted water and the soils and vegetation of the flood plain as well as the soils above the flood plain wmc examined rOI selenium The data obtained in this examination am given in table 3

TABLE 3-Seleniullt cOltent 0 solis minerals pyritic ~lillles (HId vegetation in the vicinity 0 Park City Utah

I PC j 51i miles north ofSNtilng bllsinl iolotlled ycllow1shmiddotgrll y silt

nlong iilcr Crclk )51) YllrdS l(lalU OS Inches west of 1Cl in lIood plain

i 1(0 1__ middotlt10 ~lIltUrt Jtncufluu) CureI 18X I il miles southwest of IIIIShIP I ~llId front SiIr Cnki up Silver Crtmiddot(middotkI lOX I In etldy or 8l1nr (nck ilL do _ i 20 I Wunship I

1(7

P(7A PCS

[eRA

~ mile north of settlin~ b[L~in

L~middot~Sf~~~~~~~oo~_p~a~nmiddot1 A~~~I~~~ 11 1 I middot1 miles north of settling busin I ~inc sund 0-7 inches in llood 45 I nlong Silver Creek Plnin

i do ~ ~ ~ ~ ___ ~ _ Sedg~p(tlt-24inchtS~~_ n

f -~lt1o ~ ~~~ ~L~~_~_ ~ Sedgt growing in prn _ 2 4 miltmiddots north of settling hllsin) Brown 101l1ll 0middot8 fnches irrlmiddot middotmiddot3middot

along SlInr Cn~k ellst Side giltcd from SlIer CClock Ilt)OC lIood plain

t do _ Alfalfllgrowingin 1(7 5 5~mntSI1(lrthofsettlingbasin1 Drown llUlU () S 11ICh~s irrimiddot

L[II~I~g Silv~~CCCk ArrtXI bull bull

~~~ bull

Maleriul Soil or IVegetnmiddot

~~ IPPIlI Pp Ill

Sulfidcorc 540 _ Cllrbonulcorc60 Wllter from Silcr Creck above 001

settling busin Sedimcntfrom wllterXo16 25 Mine sliwes In basln175

Mine slimcs in Silcr Creek 70 Sulfidc-rlh mnd In Sliver 125

CnCk Mixed grasses 5 Reddish-brown algae in Sliver 15

CreekOrn~ slit loam 0middot8 Inches 4

bullTUIICI1 bnltirrM 1 1 Oruvclly fine sand pyritic 60 j

0-8 inches I J blIicll GraVelly fincsundpyritic bull __ bull 60 I

1 Crusp bull 1 lIlow leafiets bullbullbull bullbull 1 Sandy 101lm pyritic 0-12 t 30

inches I

Sedge pcut 0middot6 trlChes __ 70 Brown gmclly loam 0-0 4 I

B2t~I6-1 bull 20X j I mile south of Wanshfp In I Mud frolll WQbrr HiIcr ahon 1 i (ddy of Weber iIcr t Sliver (r~ck

~~r~middotmiddotII~II~~~OnhE~ IW~~~hir) in I ~3W~~~r~~~~~~~r~~~~~~~~___t~__ I XOlle de[ecled

30 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEII OF AGRICULTURE

found associated with the parent material of the soil Selenium was found to occur in these nodules of iron pyrites in higher concentrations than in the mnss of the material This fact coupled with the known occurrence of selenium in chamber sulfuric acid made by roasting pyrites and the historic fact that selenium was discovered in 1817 in the sulfuric-acid chambers in which the sulfur dioxide used was derived from certnin copper pyrites made it of interest to determine how general the associutiot of sulfur and selenium in pyrites may be

In the course of the writers surveys of areas in which seleniferous soils occur a number of samples of pyrites and sulfide ores w~re examined (6 1 30) Seventy-eight of these samples of pyrites and sulfide ores contained an average of 95 p p m of selenium with a minimum of less than 1 p p m and a maximum of 900 p p m inan ore sample from Marysvale Utah This maximum value is due perhaps to tiemannite a selenide of mercury as this mineral is found in Marysvale Twenty-three of the sulfides reported in this group contained more tlum 100 p p m of selenium while 80 percent of the samples contained 10 p p m or more

In the working of sulfide ore mines slime dumps rich in sulfides accumulate These mine dumps are frequently in natural stream beds and the mining companies make considerable effort to plevent their being carried away Settling basins in the ~tream below the dumps are used in maIlY cases Sufficient slime frequently passes these settling basins however to give a milky appearance to the water and occasional floods will carry large quantities of the sulfide slimes and deposit them in the flood plains below the mining operations

Two examples of selenium-bearing slimes fOm mining operations on flood plains are known One of these described by Byers (8) was found in the valley of the Guanajuato River State of Guanajuato Mmdco where chronic poisoning of domestic animals and possibly of human beings had resulted The occurrence of the selepiferous area in Mexico brought about by deposition of seleniferous mine waste on alluvial soils of the stream flowing by the mine dumps suggested the possibility of similar situations in the United Stntes No area of the snme mngnitllde or as dnngerous to the public health has been found A small area in the vicinity of Park City Utah however resembles the ~Icxican situation in many rrspects

Ore was discovered in Park City 27 miles east of Salt Lake City in 1869 and mines Wlre opened the following year Silvel gold lead zinc ilnd a little copper are taken from suIHdc orcs 73500 ounces of gold and about 1100000 ounc(s of silnr were shipped from the two mincs operating there in 1939 20000 tons of lead and zinc also werc obtained (35 p 378) rhis ore is ground and concenshytrated and the metnl-tmiddotich fraction is sent to a smeltel at Salt Lake Oity

The slimes discarded in the fiotntioll arc dumped along the edge of Silver Creek Because of complaints by farmers along Silnl Creek and the Web(t River into which the slimes eventually nre cnrried by Silver Creek it settling basin WfiS established by the mining comshypanies In times of high water or of increased activity at the mineS the flow from tIlpound settling basin is milky with slimes

Some years ago a sample of lead concentrate from these mines was obtained by T D Rice of the Division of Soil Survey of this Bureau

bull

bull

bull

31 SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT

bull

bull

bull

Labom

l I

Field I

tor~ Place of collection Xo Xo I

----1---1

1126454 13X 1Park City Utuh B26-155bullbullbull JlX i __ do D21H60 I W bullbull 1111111cs eas~ of Park City

I I B26-1t1O 1 HI bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbulldo D2646Lbull l liX 2j mllcs cnst of Park City at

1 settling basin D26456_ISX ) H mile north of settling basin B26-157bull ISY I middotdObull

D2t1458 bull J 1M bullbulldo D2tH5Lmiddotmiddott luB do

B27216IPCL H mile north of)~ttling basin

D27217 PCIA J~~~~I~~ a~~~~~~~~~I~~ B27218 PC2 H mile north of settling basin

Cllst side of tlood plain D2i219 1(2 1 do ]127220 Ica1 imllenorth of settling bIIsin

1127221 PC3A 1 I~J~et~~r~bullbull~~~~ D27222 PC3 II __ 1 ~2 01110 north of settling bllsin

I between IC2 und PC3 D27223 1(4 I H mile north of scttling basin I west side of fiood plain 1127224 t P(4A do B27225 PCs

11272~0 PC5A 1127227 ) PCo

I U2722S t jCHA B27220 _ ~ P(flB_ 1127210

B2721l pound127212

1127211 112723middot1

11272~5 1126-112

B2fHG1

and analyzed for sole nimh by the writers It contained 385 p p m of selenium (6) This analysis coupled with the complaints of the farmers all)ng the streams affected led to a preliminary investigation of the area to see whether selenium was a factor in the losses of cattle and horses These losses were reputed to be due to lead poisoning caused by the slimes deposited on the fornge tlmt the animals ingested

The method of sampling was similal in piau to that used in lrapuato Mexico (8) Tht ores slimes and silted water and the soils and vegetation of the flood plain as well as the soils above the flood plain wmc examined rOI selenium The data obtained in this examination am given in table 3

TABLE 3-Seleniullt cOltent 0 solis minerals pyritic ~lillles (HId vegetation in the vicinity 0 Park City Utah

I PC j 51i miles north ofSNtilng bllsinl iolotlled ycllow1shmiddotgrll y silt

nlong iilcr Crclk )51) YllrdS l(lalU OS Inches west of 1Cl in lIood plain

i 1(0 1__ middotlt10 ~lIltUrt Jtncufluu) CureI 18X I il miles southwest of IIIIShIP I ~llId front SiIr Cnki up Silver Crtmiddot(middotkI lOX I In etldy or 8l1nr (nck ilL do _ i 20 I Wunship I

1(7

P(7A PCS

[eRA

~ mile north of settlin~ b[L~in

L~middot~Sf~~~~~~~oo~_p~a~nmiddot1 A~~~I~~~ 11 1 I middot1 miles north of settling busin I ~inc sund 0-7 inches in llood 45 I nlong Silver Creek Plnin

i do ~ ~ ~ ~ ___ ~ _ Sedg~p(tlt-24inchtS~~_ n

f -~lt1o ~ ~~~ ~L~~_~_ ~ Sedgt growing in prn _ 2 4 miltmiddots north of settling hllsin) Brown 101l1ll 0middot8 fnches irrlmiddot middotmiddot3middot

along SlInr Cn~k ellst Side giltcd from SlIer CClock Ilt)OC lIood plain

t do _ Alfalfllgrowingin 1(7 5 5~mntSI1(lrthofsettlingbasin1 Drown llUlU () S 11ICh~s irrimiddot

L[II~I~g Silv~~CCCk ArrtXI bull bull

~~~ bull

Maleriul Soil or IVegetnmiddot

~~ IPPIlI Pp Ill

Sulfidcorc 540 _ Cllrbonulcorc60 Wllter from Silcr Creck above 001

settling busin Sedimcntfrom wllterXo16 25 Mine sliwes In basln175

Mine slimcs in Silcr Creek 70 Sulfidc-rlh mnd In Sliver 125

CnCk Mixed grasses 5 Reddish-brown algae in Sliver 15

CreekOrn~ slit loam 0middot8 Inches 4

bullTUIICI1 bnltirrM 1 1 Oruvclly fine sand pyritic 60 j

0-8 inches I J blIicll GraVelly fincsundpyritic bull __ bull 60 I

1 Crusp bull 1 lIlow leafiets bullbullbull bullbull 1 Sandy 101lm pyritic 0-12 t 30

inches I

Sedge pcut 0middot6 trlChes __ 70 Brown gmclly loam 0-0 4 I

B2t~I6-1 bull 20X j I mile south of Wanshfp In I Mud frolll WQbrr HiIcr ahon 1 i (ddy of Weber iIcr t Sliver (r~ck

~~r~middotmiddotII~II~~~OnhE~ IW~~~hir) in I ~3W~~~r~~~~~~~r~~~~~~~~___t~__ I XOlle de[ecled

31 SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT

bull

bull

bull

Labom

l I

Field I

tor~ Place of collection Xo Xo I

----1---1

1126454 13X 1Park City Utuh B26-155bullbullbull JlX i __ do D21H60 I W bullbull 1111111cs eas~ of Park City

I I B26-1t1O 1 HI bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbulldo D2646Lbull l liX 2j mllcs cnst of Park City at

1 settling basin D26456_ISX ) H mile north of settling basin B26-157bull ISY I middotdObull

D2t1458 bull J 1M bullbulldo D2tH5Lmiddotmiddott luB do

B27216IPCL H mile north of)~ttling basin

D27217 PCIA J~~~~I~~ a~~~~~~~~~I~~ B27218 PC2 H mile north of settling basin

Cllst side of tlood plain D2i219 1(2 1 do ]127220 Ica1 imllenorth of settling bIIsin

1127221 PC3A 1 I~J~et~~r~bullbull~~~~ D27222 PC3 II __ 1 ~2 01110 north of settling bllsin

I between IC2 und PC3 D27223 1(4 I H mile north of scttling basin I west side of fiood plain 1127224 t P(4A do B27225 PCs

11272~0 PC5A 1127227 ) PCo

I U2722S t jCHA B27220 _ ~ P(flB_ 1127210

B2721l pound127212

1127211 112723middot1

11272~5 1126-112

B2fHG1

and analyzed for sole nimh by the writers It contained 385 p p m of selenium (6) This analysis coupled with the complaints of the farmers all)ng the streams affected led to a preliminary investigation of the area to see whether selenium was a factor in the losses of cattle and horses These losses were reputed to be due to lead poisoning caused by the slimes deposited on the fornge tlmt the animals ingested

The method of sampling was similal in piau to that used in lrapuato Mexico (8) Tht ores slimes and silted water and the soils and vegetation of the flood plain as well as the soils above the flood plain wmc examined rOI selenium The data obtained in this examination am given in table 3

TABLE 3-Seleniullt cOltent 0 solis minerals pyritic ~lillles (HId vegetation in the vicinity 0 Park City Utah

I PC j 51i miles north ofSNtilng bllsinl iolotlled ycllow1shmiddotgrll y silt

nlong iilcr Crclk )51) YllrdS l(lalU OS Inches west of 1Cl in lIood plain

i 1(0 1__ middotlt10 ~lIltUrt Jtncufluu) CureI 18X I il miles southwest of IIIIShIP I ~llId front SiIr Cnki up Silver Crtmiddot(middotkI lOX I In etldy or 8l1nr (nck ilL do _ i 20 I Wunship I

1(7

P(7A PCS

[eRA

~ mile north of settlin~ b[L~in

L~middot~Sf~~~~~~~oo~_p~a~nmiddot1 A~~~I~~~ 11 1 I middot1 miles north of settling busin I ~inc sund 0-7 inches in llood 45 I nlong Silver Creek Plnin

i do ~ ~ ~ ~ ___ ~ _ Sedg~p(tlt-24inchtS~~_ n

f -~lt1o ~ ~~~ ~L~~_~_ ~ Sedgt growing in prn _ 2 4 miltmiddots north of settling hllsin) Brown 101l1ll 0middot8 fnches irrlmiddot middotmiddot3middot

along SlInr Cn~k ellst Side giltcd from SlIer CClock Ilt)OC lIood plain

t do _ Alfalfllgrowingin 1(7 5 5~mntSI1(lrthofsettlingbasin1 Drown llUlU () S 11ICh~s irrimiddot

L[II~I~g Silv~~CCCk ArrtXI bull bull

~~~ bull

Maleriul Soil or IVegetnmiddot

~~ IPPIlI Pp Ill

Sulfidcorc 540 _ Cllrbonulcorc60 Wllter from Silcr Creck above 001

settling busin Sedimcntfrom wllterXo16 25 Mine sliwes In basln175

Mine slimcs in Silcr Creek 70 Sulfidc-rlh mnd In Sliver 125

CnCk Mixed grasses 5 Reddish-brown algae in Sliver 15

CreekOrn~ slit loam 0middot8 Inches 4

bullTUIICI1 bnltirrM 1 1 Oruvclly fine sand pyritic 60 j

0-8 inches I J blIicll GraVelly fincsundpyritic bull __ bull 60 I

1 Crusp bull 1 lIlow leafiets bullbullbull bullbull 1 Sandy 101lm pyritic 0-12 t 30

inches I

Sedge pcut 0middot6 trlChes __ 70 Brown gmclly loam 0-0 4 I

B2t~I6-1 bull 20X j I mile south of Wanshfp In I Mud frolll WQbrr HiIcr ahon 1 i (ddy of Weber iIcr t Sliver (r~ck

~~r~middotmiddotII~II~~~OnhE~ IW~~~hir) in I ~3W~~~r~~~~~~~r~~~~~~~~___t~__ I XOlle de[ecled

I

32 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

A sample of sulfide ore (B26454) containld 540 p p m of seleshynium This sample consistld primarily of sulfi(ls and no doubt bull would run bigbll than the aVIlfigc OIl roek from the minls A sample of carbonate ore (B26455) (ontnined 60 p p m

The silty wntllmiddot in Silver CImiddotelk abovc til( settlillg basin witS colshylected and the silt rcmovld by stttling and filtmtion nl( dlar water (B26460) thus obtainld containld only 1 part pN billion 01

0001 part ptr million of slilnium whellns the silt contained 25 p p m Va tN tnktll in a similnl loeution at Ilapnuto ~rcxico contained 200 timts us mlwh SCmiddotlllli1ll11 while the content of the silt flom the Irapllato watllmiddot wns only one-third as high A snl11pl( of slllfld(-rich slim (B26461) colllct(d in tlil Ftah settling busin (onshytail1ld 75 p p m

Bllow tht s(middotttling hnsin SilnI CIle1 is hloktll into nllm(lOllS streamllts thnt m(nnd(1 down u flat nllllviul vnll(middot) nbollt one-half to thrle-follrths of a mil( widt WUI the dnm ut the settling busin Thesl streamIds eOllV(lge to a singh stream us lhe el(tk tntols Silver Crepk Cnnyon some 7 milps notth of the s(Wing busin

One-huH mile bliow the s(ttling bnsin lL stIi(s orsnmples wel( coUtcted ut illttIYuls n(lOSS tIl( middotn1ltmiddoty Enet of til( soils (B27216 UJl(I B27225) obtuinNI nboye tht flood plnin 011 lh eust alld Wlst sides of the vullty cOlltainNL only 04 p p m of scllnium Six samples of alluYinl soil (oll((t((1 in thc f100l of thp -nllpy eontninld from 30 to 125 p p m with an anlllgc of 70 p p m

Four mil(ls north of tli( bnsill It Il1mpll of the ulluinl mntlliai (B27227) tontuin(d 45 p p m of s(middotIlniulll In the fPIICNI alca in the vulllY flOIll which this sllmple WitS tuken a numbel of hOI5(S had been poisoned and lo(ul (ltcliniuinns guY( til( CtuBe of dlllth bull as llad poisoning flom the slime dust 011 tht fNld One (ow in this field cPvtIOpNI plongntCd hoofs chulIlctplistie of s(lPniul1l poisoning The belldl uhoY til( fipld is illi lrnJpd by WHtPI (llllitd in dit(Il(s from Silv(tmiddot (I((his wnlpl is o((usionalh- milkv with l11ille slimls Th( irrigntNI soil (B27230) cOlllnirl(d 3 ~p p nl of se(lIiuIll

Fhc nnd Olle-hulf miltS nOllh of tIll slltiing bilsin til( S(I(lIiulll cOlltlnt of th( nllllial mntClitll (B27234) nl til( pltigP of th( flood Ill(la was 20 p p Ill Thc iligllted henchlnnd (B272a2) (onlnillld ollly 04 p p m

At thc btginning of the callyon 7 mihs nOlth of 01(1 settlillg hasin (6 miltS southwest of Wunship) it 5lmpll of nlluvinl l11utplinl (B2fi462) eontainC( 40 p p m of sC(gtnium III nnship similll mnl(linL (1326461) (olltnillCd 20 p p m

Onp mil wtst of Ynl1ship Silv(1 CIp(k flows inlo tIll ebl1middot Rimiddot which eurris threp to fivp tinHs n lllulh WiltC1 IlS til( (I((k so it wus eXI)(eted thut Y(Iy Iitti( (fi(middot(t would 1)( obs(lvnblp in lllP seltshynium eonttllt of tllp silt lond of tlw (b(1 nft1 5ilYPl (I(pk hnd emptied into it A sumplC of s((linwnl (B20464) in un Nldy of the Weber 1 milp southeust of tile mouth of Silv(1 (1(PI JIOW((I 5how(middotd n s(lcl1iu111 (onlpflt or 01 p p m WlHItIlS u similnl sampl( (B26465) takpn u milp )pIow lit mouth of SilnI (Ipek (ontain((1 5 p p m It is (idlnt flom lltl dutn PIpsPlltpoundd thilt spl(l1ium ill the slimes of 1I1( min( is bing tll1flSPOIttd down Sihpr (nek nfld bull into the (bel Hinl

bull

bull

bull

SELENnrM OCCFRREXCE IX SOILS SEYENlH REPORT 33

Thes(eniulll Cont(l1L of thes( slilms whirhmnges frolll 5 p p m in the Weber to 75 p p m nt thl stttling basin would bt sufIicient to protiutC YlIT toxi( vcgdatioll if til( s(I(niu1l1 WIIe in a fonn Itvailshyuble to the plants (81) TIll Vlglllltiv( (onr of the nlluvial flat through whieh Silnl Cn(k nHulldtls nllt d(posits most of its slillle loud eonsists of smitll Iluilils (JUIltU8middot l alticU8 Willd) sedge (Carex sp) und willows (Sali spp) A mix((l snmplt (B2645S) of J lalticus ilUc CcllfJ tolltdNl olH-hntrl11ilp north of tll( settling basin carly in the spring (olltuilltd 5 p p m lIml 11 sl1mplt of rcddishshybrown nlgnt (B26459) from lIll strPIUll lontttin(d 15 p p ll1 When one of th( writ(rs visitld lhp nl(n ngain in August howttI only one sample o[ giowing Vlgltntion (1327229) (ontlLiIHd itS rnuelt as 2 p p m Two sall1plls of sNlgl plll (B27224 und B2722S) (ontllined 70 ttnd25 p p m I(spletinly but thlSl sllmplfs (1(1 (ontllminated with slimes It is tmiddotid(nt thul thp sepniuIH intlH nlll1iull1 along 8ihPI CItpk is not in n fOLIll thnt i padiculnlly IWllilttblp to plants consNllIPntlv no sNioliSly toxic plants are to be found growing there

The Itxican (8) find till Pnrk City mining olHrntions firc similar ill that both work suifidC OIPS plimnlily fol Sih-CI thl Olts in both contnin spicnium nnd the slill1Ps flom both (onttLminnlc the alluvial plnins bplow tJl( mill(S with mnUlini 1(llatively ti(h in splenium They diffC1 malkwlly how(tI in llH qunntit hs of spi(llium (011shy

tainpd ill til( otps stinHs nnd nlludnl llHtt(linl TIl( mllximum selenium (olltlnt of thr OI(S (xllmilHd nt IIi1punto fexieo wus 60 p p m wh(I(lIs nt Pnlk City I) snmplC of sulfide 01( (B26454) (ontninld 5-10 p p 111 nille tinHs n Illuch as thnt fOllnd nt Jll1lHmto The maximulll splpllium (ontpnl of till slinl(s and mine wnsls at Impunto I1S ~O p p m wlH[(llls till Pillk City I1IN (onluinCd fiS

high ns 125 p p nl nnd Hprng-pdiO p p m Th( alluinl plain ILt Pillk City is dllllnet(Liztd by i1 1Clntivcly

high s(I(niull1 eOllt(lll and is 1(Btlict(d to (Iss(ntinlly Ilollllglieullural innd WhlINlS ttt llapullto the slinHs ill( dislrihul(ld by flood Ilnd illigntion 0(11 H Inlgl illNt of ngli(ultulnl Innet whieh (ontlins about olH-filth ns l11uth s(I(llilllll as thl PHlk City nlluillm lthollgh tht stl(niulll (olll(nt of thl 01(5 slinlts lind 1I11mjal d(posits is conshysistently highpr in tIll Palk Citv iIl(Il tht qUllntity of sri(nium ~bshysorb(ld by pInllts is mnlkPdly 10(150 low that til( v(g(tntloll CIlIIIIOL bp (onsid(L((1 toxie

This diflCL(IWI in l1aililbility of ttl( sllpnillll1 in lhe two milling ttLrns is Illso mild i1ppiU(middotnt in Wil laquoI nnalys(Il Thl Willpl l)(l(Wt the mines at It-opunlo (onlnins 200 tinHs liS Uluch willll-solubk selenium ns that at Sil (1 Cl(pjc

A diI(llllcC in (Ilt kind or sulfide OI(S ould 11((ouul for the difrershy(1I(P5 ill Iat( of (llthlIillg lnl(l1~ilt fL tnilHInl thal wNLlIHIS (y Iapidly WilS obsPIpd nt JInpuato bUl not lit Park City

n should nl~o hI noted lltnt the kxi(Hn lIlilll has b(tJ) in op(Ii1lioll fOl at I (IlSt 200 ypals 11(INI5 I( PUlk City l1lin(s hn( b((11 worked fol only R littl( mol( (han 70 Y(llls ltlhnps in 130 Y(UIS thC Pnrk City slimps will bC splpnd 0(1 tit( illignt(d bottolll lund of tht W(bPI Rivtland will illyolyp aglieultlllltl lUlld in ttl lnlll( WiLy ns tit( slimes from thC [exiean min(s

bull

bull

bull

SELENnrM OCCFRREXCE IX SOILS SEYENlH REPORT 33

Thes(eniulll Cont(l1L of thes( slilms whirhmnges frolll 5 p p m in the Weber to 75 p p m nt thl stttling basin would bt sufIicient to protiutC YlIT toxi( vcgdatioll if til( s(I(niu1l1 WIIe in a fonn Itvailshyuble to the plants (81) TIll Vlglllltiv( (onr of the nlluvial flat through whieh Silnl Cn(k nHulldtls nllt d(posits most of its slillle loud eonsists of smitll Iluilils (JUIltU8middot l alticU8 Willd) sedge (Carex sp) und willows (Sali spp) A mix((l snmplt (B2645S) of J lalticus ilUc CcllfJ tolltdNl olH-hntrl11ilp north of tll( settling basin carly in the spring (olltuilltd 5 p p m lIml 11 sl1mplt of rcddishshybrown nlgnt (B26459) from lIll strPIUll lontttin(d 15 p p ll1 When one of th( writ(rs visitld lhp nl(n ngain in August howttI only one sample o[ giowing Vlgltntion (1327229) (ontlLiIHd itS rnuelt as 2 p p m Two sall1plls of sNlgl plll (B27224 und B2722S) (ontllined 70 ttnd25 p p m I(spletinly but thlSl sllmplfs (1(1 (ontllminated with slimes It is tmiddotid(nt thul thp sepniuIH intlH nlll1iull1 along 8ihPI CItpk is not in n fOLIll thnt i padiculnlly IWllilttblp to plants consNllIPntlv no sNioliSly toxic plants are to be found growing there

The Itxican (8) find till Pnrk City mining olHrntions firc similar ill that both work suifidC OIPS plimnlily fol Sih-CI thl Olts in both contnin spicnium nnd the slill1Ps flom both (onttLminnlc the alluvial plnins bplow tJl( mill(S with mnUlini 1(llatively ti(h in splenium They diffC1 malkwlly how(tI in llH qunntit hs of spi(llium (011shy

tainpd ill til( otps stinHs nnd nlludnl llHtt(linl TIl( mllximum selenium (olltlnt of thr OI(S (xllmilHd nt IIi1punto fexieo wus 60 p p m wh(I(lIs nt Pnlk City I) snmplC of sulfide 01( (B26454) (ontninld 5-10 p p 111 nille tinHs n Illuch as thnt fOllnd nt Jll1lHmto The maximulll splpllium (ontpnl of till slinl(s and mine wnsls at Impunto I1S ~O p p m wlH[(llls till Pillk City I1IN (onluinCd fiS

high ns 125 p p nl nnd Hprng-pdiO p p m Th( alluinl plain ILt Pillk City is dllllnet(Liztd by i1 1Clntivcly

high s(I(niull1 eOllt(lll and is 1(Btlict(d to (Iss(ntinlly Ilollllglieullural innd WhlINlS ttt llapullto the slinHs ill( dislrihul(ld by flood Ilnd illigntion 0(11 H Inlgl illNt of ngli(ultulnl Innet whieh (ontlins about olH-filth ns l11uth s(I(llilllll as thl PHlk City nlluillm lthollgh tht stl(niulll (olll(nt of thl 01(5 slinlts lind 1I11mjal d(posits is conshysistently highpr in tIll Palk Citv iIl(Il tht qUllntity of sri(nium ~bshysorb(ld by pInllts is mnlkPdly 10(150 low that til( v(g(tntloll CIlIIIIOL bp (onsid(L((1 toxie

This diflCL(IWI in l1aililbility of ttl( sllpnillll1 in lhe two milling ttLrns is Illso mild i1ppiU(middotnt in Wil laquoI nnalys(Il Thl Willpl l)(l(Wt the mines at It-opunlo (onlnins 200 tinHs liS Uluch willll-solubk selenium ns that at Sil (1 Cl(pjc

A diI(llllcC in (Ilt kind or sulfide OI(S ould 11((ouul for the difrershy(1I(P5 ill Iat( of (llthlIillg lnl(l1~ilt fL tnilHInl thal wNLlIHIS (y Iapidly WilS obsPIpd nt JInpuato bUl not lit Park City

n should nl~o hI noted lltnt the kxi(Hn lIlilll has b(tJ) in op(Ii1lioll fOl at I (IlSt 200 ypals 11(INI5 I( PUlk City l1lin(s hn( b((11 worked fol only R littl( mol( (han 70 Y(llls ltlhnps in 130 Y(UIS thC Pnrk City slimps will bC splpnd 0(1 tit( illignt(d bottolll lund of tht W(bPI Rivtland will illyolyp aglieultlllltl lUlld in ttl lnlll( WiLy ns tit( slimes from thC [exiean min(s

34 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

GENERAL DISCUSSIO~

Previous reports have been concerned larg(ly with work donI on the seleniferous character of soils d(lrivld from d0finitl marinl forshy bull mations primarily of Cretaclous age Although some of thl work herein reported is of a similar ehalfieter the mujor part of this ](pOlt is concerned with seleniferous soiis de(iYed from gia(iai laeustlilH and recent nlluvial matCrials

1Yhatevel th( process 01 combination of ploeesses that result in selCnium accumulation in geologieal formations of wide CxtCnt sud as thePiprrc and Niob(~nra s(dill1ents it is pyident thut sOllwwhat smaller arpas nre produ(ed by the l11echunical tlfinsportntion and leaching by ice 01 wuler of previously fOllnrd sepnifprous deposits Much of thc data in this bulletin hilS to do with this type of s(leshyniferous area

In parts of NoLth Dakota ~[ontana und Calludn the glaei(middotrs drshyposited a mantle of dluris mueh of it Jclativ(ly loeal in origin It naturally follows that if tll( geologic formution thus distu1iwd is seleshyniferous the soils dCwiop(d from the d()(is will b( sdlnifllous Wlwrr sdrnifelous drift hus bren deposit(l(l in till vi(inity of a glueial ]u1e such us the uncirnt Luk(middot Souris sei(ll1iulI1 may bl j(aehrd from thp surrounding drift and rl1rieh t1( sP](llif(rous IlInhliai m(l(hnnieally tmnsportcd into the Ia(ustrine bCds Thus one might (xpe(t soils forl11rd from these lacustrinC d(posits to bC hightI thun t he surroundshying region in available s(ieni tim That this pro(pss hns o((wTld in 1 h( lucustriIw bNIs of tht glaeiai Tukc Sou(i~ is indi(ut(d b) Ih( duta from ~[cI-Ienry HCllvi1l( und BottiI1lnu Counlip~ N Dak us wpll us by tIl( obsCITntion of Tho(Tuldson und Johnson (QOl thnt wlHat grown on soil of glacial ia(uslrillt origin p(pdominlltpd nl1long til( samphs of Canudiun wlHat ha-ing the hight( sCIlnium Contlnt

Duling th( timr wlwn mu(h of till Gnllt Bnsin wns occupied hy It lakc 01 lukes of g((ut txUnt tht produlls of prosion of the mounluins to thC cust and W(st W(Il dpposilld in UWfll Inimiddotw basins ~ft(t thl plPsent (010111(0 and 8nnk( HinIS (ut through the llwilCiing bUlTil(S and CYCntuully dIuiIwrl tlHs( lalws thl Inlustlinp IllnPlial so (xpospd became till pUJpnt matl(jnl of mnny of tbl soils of wpstClTl (tnh Nevadll und pa(ts of Idnho and Or(goll If UllY of the mnlllinis dcpositNI in thCse lacusllilH bNis W((( ((odld from s(i(nifprolls sources the blds (ontuining this Illut((inl would 1)( s(lpnifp(ous Likewise any watpl-solubh s(lpniunl that VIIS (IlITifd into lheiit Ink(s by strlul11S would 1)( tmpP(iLin tit(Sl hHlIsli(l( hpds Intiwl lhlln carried to the sCa (101 s tit(s( Inlws glluiuully r(lc(dpd u]S(qll(1I1 leaching of se1cgtniulll mny havl IPsllitp(in lo(al (olH(ntrlllion$ in 11Ipm

not otherwise Cx(ppliollnlly spound(nifClolls This combination of Plll(shyessCs could I(sult in thC distribution of $pi(nifPlOu$ oill thnt llils ])(PI1

observed in the Grpat Basin Thus in lh(l In(usl(inc )(11 of UI( PayetUmiddot formation in [cluho unci Ongon s(i(nif(rous mnltdni I)(rhup$ from oider Cnlne(olls Iwels to til( lnst mud( lip nllwt of tlw t((f111l loads depositCd in 01( Iak( In w(st((nnnh nud X(-ndn how(((

bull

no great muss of tlH incusrin( b(ds npP(llrs io 1)( pluli(uinll)- spi(shynifelous The o(easionaL O((UIT(n(( of smni nrPllS of spitniuJIl (011shy

centmtion in tlH soils of this arM (un bpst )( (xpitti(J(d by IOlni (Ollshycentmtion through 1(IIllhing of matllial nt higher levels bull

SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT 35 i

bull

bull

bull

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

LITERATURE CITED

BARRY J G and ~IEISTED V J 1908 TilE GEOLOGY OF gtORrIlESTERN NORTH D KOT WITH SPECIJIl

REFEREgtCE ro CElIEgtT MATERIALS In Leonard A G State Geological Survey of Xorth Dakota Fifth Bien Rpt pp 115-211 iIlus

BEATH O A DRUZE J H EpPSON H F and others 1934 CBRT IN POISOgtOJS PL NTS O~middot WYOMING ACTIVATED BY SEIENlUlII

AND THEIit SSOClATION WITH IIESIECT TO SOIL TYPES Amer Pharrn Assoc Jour 23 1)4-97

--- GILBERT C S and EIISON H F 1939 TilE JSE O~middot INDICATOU ILANrS IN LOCTING SELENIFEROUS -IUEAS

IN WESTEUN UgtITED STTES J GENEU L Amcr Jour Bot 26 257-269 illus

--- GILBEHT C S and EpPSON H F 1930 TilE USE O~middot INDIC-ITOU PLANTS IN LOCTING SELENIFEROUS AHJS

IN WESTEHN UgtITED STATES 11 COHRELATION STUDIES BY STATES Amerbullbull10ur Bot 26 296-315 iUus

GILBEHT C S Ilnd EIISON H F 1940 TilE USE O~middot INDICATOR PLANTS IN LOCATING SELENIFEHOUS AREAS IN

WESTERN UNlfEO STATES 111 ~URTHEII STUDIES Amer Jour Bot 27 564-573 illus

BYERS H G 1935 SELEgtIl1 OCCJmUENCE IN CERTAIN SOILS OF THE UNITED STATES

WITII A DISCUSSION O~ UELAfEI) rOIICS U S Dept Agr Techbull uul 482 48 pp iUus

1936 SELEgtIUM OCCUUUENCE IN CEUTAIgt SOILS O~ THE eXITED STATES WITH A DISCUSSION O~ RELTED TOPICS SICOND UEIOIlT U S Dept Agr Tech Bul 530 79 pp illus

11)37 SEU1NlUli IX MEXICO Indus and Engin Chcm 29 1200-1202 ilIusbull

--- and LunN H W 1939 SpoundLEXI(ll IN CANAD-I Canad Jour Rcs Sec B Chern Sci l7

364-369 --- lpoundiLLEUr T WILLI MS K T and L KIN H V

1938 nLENItll OCCUUUEXCE IX CEUTAIX SOliS IX TilE UNITtlD STTE WiTH IJISCUSSIOX Ot RELlEIgt TOPICS TIlIUD UEPOUT U 8 Dept Agr Tech Bul UOI 75 pp iUus

FHANKE K W and POTTEU V R 1935 A gtEW TOXIC NT OCCUUUING NATUUALIY IX CtUTAIN SUIPLES O~

IIANT FOODSTUFfS IX TOXIC EFFECTS 01 OUALI DW(oSTED StLE-IJll Jour Xutr 10 213-221

--- RICE T D 101lgtSOX A G and 8CIIOEXING H W 1934 UEIORT 0gt A PUEIIIIgtAltY (onJI() SlUVEY at TIn SO-CALLED

IKHI DISEASE Ot IIVESTOCK 1 S Dtpt Agr Cir 320 10 pp illus

GIlLUI I H132 GEOLOGY -D OUE 1)fIOSITS Otmiddot TilE STOCKTOgt A-O tAllttnLD

QlADUAXGIES eTA li Oeo iurvey Prof Paper 173 171 pp illus

HoL W L and OUEAES I E 1)41 1HE OCCCUIU-ltCI~ OF StIENIl~~1 IX UTAII FOUMH IIA~IS Soil Sci

51 20)-306 Henll-KAHHEH A ~I

1035 (omiddot CTOUS AntCTlxn TIn ADROHITIO- Of ULtXIIM fHOll f)OIlS BY IIAXTS Jour Agr Res 50 413-427 iIIus

LAKIX H and Bnus H G 1941 SE Im 111 IN WlltAT AXD WIIEAT JU()DlCTS Cercal Chcm 18

73-78 --- and Hnus It G

1941 StUNWll OCCUUlUNCt IX CEUTAI- 50115 Ot Tilt e-llfEIl STTES WITII A DISClSSION OF IUJIAn) TOPICS SIXTII IUll)U1 U) Dept Agr Tech BuL 783 2U pp

36 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(18) JAKI- H V and HEIUI-X I~ bullr 1940 ASTHAClAItS AII1tlltlSIARtll JON~lS AS A StllEXI7l JlSOlllltm

r J lI[lcr llo1li1r liOL 2[7 215-Z46 bull (19) lV IILEU bullbull nllc YEllS I bull C

1937 SEI~El-llill IN PIAXS IN IIJJ1IOX 10 115 oeCtllItlNet IN SOIlS lour Agr lcs 55 5)-68 iIlus

(20) nIoxo- A L 1937 AII J)1mASJ~ Ult S~IJILI lOISOgtllNI1 i Dnk Agr Expt i[I1

Bul 311 IJ 1 pp illus (21) OISON O 1 nnd 8EH1I1Hr W V

H)3) SEI~lNJllJ IN ItOC]S SOIlS AND PIANmiddotr S Dnk Agr Expl 8[11 Tcch liul 2 H pp illu5

(22) MlXSELI H K D~MIE G 1 Ind KENN~J)Y M H 1936 TOXJ(llY UP FOOD (ON~rAINING SI~I~XIllI AS SHOWN BY ITS ~~FICr

ON TilE ItNr l H ])rpt Agr Tech Bul 531 25 pp ill liS (23) ROlliNSON W O

1933 DIlTtllUJI-A1ION Ot SIIBNllll IN WHgAI AND 5011$ Assoc OIT Agr (hem Jour 16 423-424

(24) --- DtDLln H C YULIAlIS K 1 lind BrEW H G 1934 DErERltlNATJON OP StIBNIlmiddot1 AoD AHSE-I( IIY 1lISTIIIbullbull~TI)N IN

YItITES SIIA1IS SOILS ANIl AOIU(lIITltAI ItOIHTrs Indus nnd Engin Chem Anlllyt Ed G 274-27j ilIus

(25) SlJlTH lL 1 FUANKg K W nnd WES1PAII1 B B 1936 1Ut SEIFJNIlM InOIllt~1 IN IU1IAIJON TO lIlIlle InIrH A Illt shy

gt )llllNHtY SlIl~Y TO IH1TtlHIINFJ 1lIt OSSIIIIIJIY Ot SfI~NJlmiddot~1 INrOXI(ArrON IN rln nIAI IOPII1ION ON lH)LINlnn()lS OIL L S Pub H(alth Serv Hpt 51 141113middotmiddot1505

(26) TIJOIAIJ)SON 1 nud JOHXSON L R lNO rilE StUXle~1 CONTEN1 OP 8ASKAJCUWN middotIWT (Ulud Jour

Hes Sect B (hem Sci 18 138-150 ilIus (27) TIUJIfJlH- H I lind TUtIIASI~ II ~l

1938 StllFJNIlll AS A SIIIlIAIIXG AXD 108SIIII flSSrNIIAI ~If~HNT fOil INI)JCATon I)-IS AllierJonr HDt 23 372-380 ill liS

(28) --- and TngltlH II ~1 bull 1938 8fII~NIlI AS A SIUtnATING AXI) POSSIBI tSENIII m~lnXT

FOn CIJtTMX 111015 iiei 87 70-71 (29) --- nncl TnfI~ASJ II ~I

1039 11I)1010(l(AI DIFftIUNIIIIOX IX ASIIlMHIlS WIIII IlEnmNCfJ 10 SEIpoundNIlll Amer lour Bot 2(i 530-535 ill us

(30) WI1IIA~IS K 1 llld HYlms H G 1931 OC(HUBNCr (n SfJItXlnt IX IJUTS ludus lind Engin ()Wtll

A111l1yt Ed 0 29(j-207 (31) -- Ilnd Bnn H C

193U nrrXlor (t)~II()XI)S IN sOil Indus and Enill (IHIIl 28 912-01middot1

(32) -- lind LAKIX 11 1035 IHlIlm)lIXATIOX Of sJ-r~JXlt~1 IN OIWXH Lnn 1l1duo and

Engin (lWIIl1l111yt Eel 7 40U middot110 (33) --- LAKIN 11 rt lLnd Bnmi II (

1910 fltXIImiddot~1 ()(([middotHII~n IX (~HIAIX OIlS IX fin I Nrnu SI n WIII A 1l1(I~l()X (II IUIAImiddot~J) 1011( FOrItTH IU(IHT t S J)(middotpt gr TNh Bul 702 flO pp iIllU

(34) TIiIN II W IlIlel HnHs 11 (L10middot11 llt~II~II1 ()C(THIt~X(f IX mITIN )IlIlS IX Tilt IXIIEIl STTth

WITH A 1lI(IhlO Ill IUI1J) TOIJ( FltJH 1t~POHr l S IgtIpt gr ~1Cch Bul 7iX 70 pp iIlw-

(35) YnJIfn IHofnnl Of TIn - oltK IHOJf(r Il~IIISmiddotIItTIl- 1911 IAII A til IlH TO Tilt snn llwrilt1I1l ltlIielC ~eri(s 5Ugt IgtP

ill II Xrw York

tUl ~uh~ hr UH HUlhrinlNulfllH ui IhHUIHPnt I ~~ to(~rJ1tJPJtt l)rlntUl~ OIlWl ashjH~tUtl i It e 111(0 I (middotuts bull

t

-

SELENIUM OCCURRENCE IN SOILS SEVENTH REPORT 35 i

bull

bull

bull

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

LITERATURE CITED

BARRY J G and ~IEISTED V J 1908 TilE GEOLOGY OF gtORrIlESTERN NORTH D KOT WITH SPECIJIl

REFEREgtCE ro CElIEgtT MATERIALS In Leonard A G State Geological Survey of Xorth Dakota Fifth Bien Rpt pp 115-211 iIlus

BEATH O A DRUZE J H EpPSON H F and others 1934 CBRT IN POISOgtOJS PL NTS O~middot WYOMING ACTIVATED BY SEIENlUlII

AND THEIit SSOClATION WITH IIESIECT TO SOIL TYPES Amer Pharrn Assoc Jour 23 1)4-97

--- GILBERT C S and EIISON H F 1939 TilE JSE O~middot INDICATOU ILANrS IN LOCTING SELENIFEROUS -IUEAS

IN WESTEUN UgtITED STTES J GENEU L Amcr Jour Bot 26 257-269 illus

--- GILBEHT C S and EpPSON H F 1930 TilE USE O~middot INDIC-ITOU PLANTS IN LOCTING SELENIFEROUS AHJS

IN WESTEHN UgtITED STATES 11 COHRELATION STUDIES BY STATES Amerbullbull10ur Bot 26 296-315 iUus

GILBEHT C S Ilnd EIISON H F 1940 TilE USE O~middot INDICATOR PLANTS IN LOCATING SELENIFEHOUS AREAS IN

WESTERN UNlfEO STATES 111 ~URTHEII STUDIES Amer Jour Bot 27 564-573 illus

BYERS H G 1935 SELEgtIl1 OCCJmUENCE IN CERTAIN SOILS OF THE UNITED STATES

WITII A DISCUSSION O~ UELAfEI) rOIICS U S Dept Agr Techbull uul 482 48 pp iUus

1936 SELEgtIUM OCCUUUENCE IN CEUTAIgt SOILS O~ THE eXITED STATES WITH A DISCUSSION O~ RELTED TOPICS SICOND UEIOIlT U S Dept Agr Tech Bul 530 79 pp illus

11)37 SEU1NlUli IX MEXICO Indus and Engin Chcm 29 1200-1202 ilIusbull

--- and LunN H W 1939 SpoundLEXI(ll IN CANAD-I Canad Jour Rcs Sec B Chern Sci l7

364-369 --- lpoundiLLEUr T WILLI MS K T and L KIN H V

1938 nLENItll OCCUUUEXCE IX CEUTAIX SOliS IX TilE UNITtlD STTE WiTH IJISCUSSIOX Ot RELlEIgt TOPICS TIlIUD UEPOUT U 8 Dept Agr Tech Bul UOI 75 pp iUus

FHANKE K W and POTTEU V R 1935 A gtEW TOXIC NT OCCUUUING NATUUALIY IX CtUTAIN SUIPLES O~

IIANT FOODSTUFfS IX TOXIC EFFECTS 01 OUALI DW(oSTED StLE-IJll Jour Xutr 10 213-221

--- RICE T D 101lgtSOX A G and 8CIIOEXING H W 1934 UEIORT 0gt A PUEIIIIgtAltY (onJI() SlUVEY at TIn SO-CALLED

IKHI DISEASE Ot IIVESTOCK 1 S Dtpt Agr Cir 320 10 pp illus

GIlLUI I H132 GEOLOGY -D OUE 1)fIOSITS Otmiddot TilE STOCKTOgt A-O tAllttnLD

QlADUAXGIES eTA li Oeo iurvey Prof Paper 173 171 pp illus

HoL W L and OUEAES I E 1)41 1HE OCCCUIU-ltCI~ OF StIENIl~~1 IX UTAII FOUMH IIA~IS Soil Sci

51 20)-306 Henll-KAHHEH A ~I

1035 (omiddot CTOUS AntCTlxn TIn ADROHITIO- Of ULtXIIM fHOll f)OIlS BY IIAXTS Jour Agr Res 50 413-427 iIIus

LAKIX H and Bnus H G 1941 SE Im 111 IN WlltAT AXD WIIEAT JU()DlCTS Cercal Chcm 18

73-78 --- and Hnus It G

1941 StUNWll OCCUUlUNCt IX CEUTAI- 50115 Ot Tilt e-llfEIl STTES WITII A DISClSSION OF IUJIAn) TOPICS SIXTII IUll)U1 U) Dept Agr Tech BuL 783 2U pp

36 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(18) JAKI- H V and HEIUI-X I~ bullr 1940 ASTHAClAItS AII1tlltlSIARtll JON~lS AS A StllEXI7l JlSOlllltm

r J lI[lcr llo1li1r liOL 2[7 215-Z46 bull (19) lV IILEU bullbull nllc YEllS I bull C

1937 SEI~El-llill IN PIAXS IN IIJJ1IOX 10 115 oeCtllItlNet IN SOIlS lour Agr lcs 55 5)-68 iIlus

(20) nIoxo- A L 1937 AII J)1mASJ~ Ult S~IJILI lOISOgtllNI1 i Dnk Agr Expt i[I1

Bul 311 IJ 1 pp illus (21) OISON O 1 nnd 8EH1I1Hr W V

H)3) SEI~lNJllJ IN ItOC]S SOIlS AND PIANmiddotr S Dnk Agr Expl 8[11 Tcch liul 2 H pp illu5

(22) MlXSELI H K D~MIE G 1 Ind KENN~J)Y M H 1936 TOXJ(llY UP FOOD (ON~rAINING SI~I~XIllI AS SHOWN BY ITS ~~FICr

ON TilE ItNr l H ])rpt Agr Tech Bul 531 25 pp ill liS (23) ROlliNSON W O

1933 DIlTtllUJI-A1ION Ot SIIBNllll IN WHgAI AND 5011$ Assoc OIT Agr (hem Jour 16 423-424

(24) --- DtDLln H C YULIAlIS K 1 lind BrEW H G 1934 DErERltlNATJON OP StIBNIlmiddot1 AoD AHSE-I( IIY 1lISTIIIbullbull~TI)N IN

YItITES SIIA1IS SOILS ANIl AOIU(lIITltAI ItOIHTrs Indus nnd Engin Chem Anlllyt Ed G 274-27j ilIus

(25) SlJlTH lL 1 FUANKg K W nnd WES1PAII1 B B 1936 1Ut SEIFJNIlM InOIllt~1 IN IU1IAIJON TO lIlIlle InIrH A Illt shy

gt )llllNHtY SlIl~Y TO IH1TtlHIINFJ 1lIt OSSIIIIIJIY Ot SfI~NJlmiddot~1 INrOXI(ArrON IN rln nIAI IOPII1ION ON lH)LINlnn()lS OIL L S Pub H(alth Serv Hpt 51 141113middotmiddot1505

(26) TIJOIAIJ)SON 1 nud JOHXSON L R lNO rilE StUXle~1 CONTEN1 OP 8ASKAJCUWN middotIWT (Ulud Jour

Hes Sect B (hem Sci 18 138-150 ilIus (27) TIUJIfJlH- H I lind TUtIIASI~ II ~l

1938 StllFJNIlll AS A SIIIlIAIIXG AXD 108SIIII flSSrNIIAI ~If~HNT fOil INI)JCATon I)-IS AllierJonr HDt 23 372-380 ill liS

(28) --- and TngltlH II ~1 bull 1938 8fII~NIlI AS A SIUtnATING AXI) POSSIBI tSENIII m~lnXT

FOn CIJtTMX 111015 iiei 87 70-71 (29) --- nncl TnfI~ASJ II ~I

1039 11I)1010(l(AI DIFftIUNIIIIOX IX ASIIlMHIlS WIIII IlEnmNCfJ 10 SEIpoundNIlll Amer lour Bot 2(i 530-535 ill us

(30) WI1IIA~IS K 1 llld HYlms H G 1931 OC(HUBNCr (n SfJItXlnt IX IJUTS ludus lind Engin ()Wtll

A111l1yt Ed 0 29(j-207 (31) -- Ilnd Bnn H C

193U nrrXlor (t)~II()XI)S IN sOil Indus and Enill (IHIIl 28 912-01middot1

(32) -- lind LAKIX 11 1035 IHlIlm)lIXATIOX Of sJ-r~JXlt~1 IN OIWXH Lnn 1l1duo and

Engin (lWIIl1l111yt Eel 7 40U middot110 (33) --- LAKIN 11 rt lLnd Bnmi II (

1910 fltXIImiddot~1 ()(([middotHII~n IX (~HIAIX OIlS IX fin I Nrnu SI n WIII A 1l1(I~l()X (II IUIAImiddot~J) 1011( FOrItTH IU(IHT t S J)(middotpt gr TNh Bul 702 flO pp iIllU

(34) TIiIN II W IlIlel HnHs 11 (L10middot11 llt~II~II1 ()C(THIt~X(f IX mITIN )IlIlS IX Tilt IXIIEIl STTth

WITH A 1lI(IhlO Ill IUI1J) TOIJ( FltJH 1t~POHr l S IgtIpt gr ~1Cch Bul 7iX 70 pp iIlw-

(35) YnJIfn IHofnnl Of TIn - oltK IHOJf(r Il~IIISmiddotIItTIl- 1911 IAII A til IlH TO Tilt snn llwrilt1I1l ltlIielC ~eri(s 5Ugt IgtP

ill II Xrw York

tUl ~uh~ hr UH HUlhrinlNulfllH ui IhHUIHPnt I ~~ to(~rJ1tJPJtt l)rlntUl~ OIlWl ashjH~tUtl i It e 111(0 I (middotuts bull

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36 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 950 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(18) JAKI- H V and HEIUI-X I~ bullr 1940 ASTHAClAItS AII1tlltlSIARtll JON~lS AS A StllEXI7l JlSOlllltm

r J lI[lcr llo1li1r liOL 2[7 215-Z46 bull (19) lV IILEU bullbull nllc YEllS I bull C

1937 SEI~El-llill IN PIAXS IN IIJJ1IOX 10 115 oeCtllItlNet IN SOIlS lour Agr lcs 55 5)-68 iIlus

(20) nIoxo- A L 1937 AII J)1mASJ~ Ult S~IJILI lOISOgtllNI1 i Dnk Agr Expt i[I1

Bul 311 IJ 1 pp illus (21) OISON O 1 nnd 8EH1I1Hr W V

H)3) SEI~lNJllJ IN ItOC]S SOIlS AND PIANmiddotr S Dnk Agr Expl 8[11 Tcch liul 2 H pp illu5

(22) MlXSELI H K D~MIE G 1 Ind KENN~J)Y M H 1936 TOXJ(llY UP FOOD (ON~rAINING SI~I~XIllI AS SHOWN BY ITS ~~FICr

ON TilE ItNr l H ])rpt Agr Tech Bul 531 25 pp ill liS (23) ROlliNSON W O

1933 DIlTtllUJI-A1ION Ot SIIBNllll IN WHgAI AND 5011$ Assoc OIT Agr (hem Jour 16 423-424

(24) --- DtDLln H C YULIAlIS K 1 lind BrEW H G 1934 DErERltlNATJON OP StIBNIlmiddot1 AoD AHSE-I( IIY 1lISTIIIbullbull~TI)N IN

YItITES SIIA1IS SOILS ANIl AOIU(lIITltAI ItOIHTrs Indus nnd Engin Chem Anlllyt Ed G 274-27j ilIus

(25) SlJlTH lL 1 FUANKg K W nnd WES1PAII1 B B 1936 1Ut SEIFJNIlM InOIllt~1 IN IU1IAIJON TO lIlIlle InIrH A Illt shy

gt )llllNHtY SlIl~Y TO IH1TtlHIINFJ 1lIt OSSIIIIIJIY Ot SfI~NJlmiddot~1 INrOXI(ArrON IN rln nIAI IOPII1ION ON lH)LINlnn()lS OIL L S Pub H(alth Serv Hpt 51 141113middotmiddot1505

(26) TIJOIAIJ)SON 1 nud JOHXSON L R lNO rilE StUXle~1 CONTEN1 OP 8ASKAJCUWN middotIWT (Ulud Jour

Hes Sect B (hem Sci 18 138-150 ilIus (27) TIUJIfJlH- H I lind TUtIIASI~ II ~l

1938 StllFJNIlll AS A SIIIlIAIIXG AXD 108SIIII flSSrNIIAI ~If~HNT fOil INI)JCATon I)-IS AllierJonr HDt 23 372-380 ill liS

(28) --- and TngltlH II ~1 bull 1938 8fII~NIlI AS A SIUtnATING AXI) POSSIBI tSENIII m~lnXT

FOn CIJtTMX 111015 iiei 87 70-71 (29) --- nncl TnfI~ASJ II ~I

1039 11I)1010(l(AI DIFftIUNIIIIOX IX ASIIlMHIlS WIIII IlEnmNCfJ 10 SEIpoundNIlll Amer lour Bot 2(i 530-535 ill us

(30) WI1IIA~IS K 1 llld HYlms H G 1931 OC(HUBNCr (n SfJItXlnt IX IJUTS ludus lind Engin ()Wtll

A111l1yt Ed 0 29(j-207 (31) -- Ilnd Bnn H C

193U nrrXlor (t)~II()XI)S IN sOil Indus and Enill (IHIIl 28 912-01middot1

(32) -- lind LAKIX 11 1035 IHlIlm)lIXATIOX Of sJ-r~JXlt~1 IN OIWXH Lnn 1l1duo and

Engin (lWIIl1l111yt Eel 7 40U middot110 (33) --- LAKIN 11 rt lLnd Bnmi II (

1910 fltXIImiddot~1 ()(([middotHII~n IX (~HIAIX OIlS IX fin I Nrnu SI n WIII A 1l1(I~l()X (II IUIAImiddot~J) 1011( FOrItTH IU(IHT t S J)(middotpt gr TNh Bul 702 flO pp iIllU

(34) TIiIN II W IlIlel HnHs 11 (L10middot11 llt~II~II1 ()C(THIt~X(f IX mITIN )IlIlS IX Tilt IXIIEIl STTth

WITH A 1lI(IhlO Ill IUI1J) TOIJ( FltJH 1t~POHr l S IgtIpt gr ~1Cch Bul 7iX 70 pp iIlw-

(35) YnJIfn IHofnnl Of TIn - oltK IHOJf(r Il~IIISmiddotIItTIl- 1911 IAII A til IlH TO Tilt snn llwrilt1I1l ltlIielC ~eri(s 5Ugt IgtP

ill II Xrw York

tUl ~uh~ hr UH HUlhrinlNulfllH ui IhHUIHPnt I ~~ to(~rJ1tJPJtt l)rlntUl~ OIlWl ashjH~tUtl i It e 111(0 I (middotuts bull

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