selenium

The Dead SeaThe Dead Sea

By Dr.R. ronen Phd.

How many cells in our body????

720?

7,200?

72,000?

7,200,000?

72,000,000?

720,000,000?

72,000,000,000?

Brain

CerebellumCranial nerves

Cervical nerves

Spinal cord

Thoracic nerves

Lumbar nerves

Radial nerve

Median nerve

Ulnar nerve

Sacral nerves

Sciatic nerve

Tibial nerve

Esophagus

Lungs

Heart

Liver

Pancreas

Large intestine

Small intestine

Bladder

Stomach

NERVOUS SYSTEM

The Human BodyThe Human Body

A most complicated system consisting of A most complicated system consisting of billions of cells organized uniquely and billions of cells organized uniquely and functioning dynamically together.functioning dynamically together.

Anatomists divide the human body Anatomists divide the human body into eight systems:into eight systems:

skeleton skeleton

musclesmuscles

the circulatory and respiratory systemsthe circulatory and respiratory systems

the digestive systemthe digestive system

the urinary systemthe urinary system

the glandular systemthe glandular system

the nervous systemthe nervous system

the skinthe skin

The The human skeleton

consists of 206 bones.

Function:Function: •Support the body,Support the body,

•Allow movement,Allow movement, •Manufacture blood cells and store Manufacture blood cells and store important minerals.important minerals.

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/skeleton/

Muscles-functionsMuscles-functions

pull on bones and act as pull on bones and act as lever systems.lever systems.

The circulatory systemThe circulatory system

Functions: transport of dissolved materials Functions: transport of dissolved materials throughout the body, including oxygen, carbon throughout the body, including oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste of the body.dioxide, nutrients, and waste of the body.

The circulatory systemThe circulatory systemThe red blood cellsThe red blood cells

The Respiratory The Respiratory SystemSystem

The Respiratory The Respiratory System -System -

The Digestive System – The Digestive System – Food PathwayFood Pathway

- mouth --> pharynx- mouth --> pharynx

esophagus --> esophagus --> stomachstomach

--> small intestine --> --> small intestine -->

large intestine --> large intestine --> rectumrectum

--> anus---> anus-

The Urinary System - The Urinary System - AnatomyAnatomy

KidneysKidneys

UreteUrete

BladderBladder

UrethraUrethra

UrineUrine

The Urinary System – The Urinary System – FunctionsFunctions

Removing waste Removing waste from the blood.from the blood.

Urea it is a poison to Urea it is a poison to the body.the body.

The Glandular System - The Glandular System - GlandsGlands

Examples are:Examples are:Tear glands,Tear glands,Salivary glands, Salivary glands, Sweat glands,Sweat glands,The pineal, The pineal, Pituitary,Pituitary,Thyroid,Thyroid,Parathyroid,Parathyroid,Thymus,Thymus,Pancreas, Pancreas, Adrenals, Adrenals, Sex glands.Sex glands.

The Nervous System – The Nervous System – AnatomyAnatomy

The system is divided The system is divided into two partsinto two parts

11

1- 1- The central nervous systemThe central nervous system

2- 2- The peripheral nervous The peripheral nervous systemsystem

22

The Nervous System – The Nervous System – The StructureThe Structure

The Structure of a The Structure of a nerve cell. nerve cell.

The Skin - The StructureThe Skin - The StructureSkin is the outside covering of body Skin is the outside covering of body tissue, which protects inner cells and tissue, which protects inner cells and organs from the outside environment. The organs from the outside environment. The skin is the largest organ of the body.skin is the largest organ of the body.The layer on the outside is called The layer on the outside is called epidermis.epidermis.The epidermis is producing the skin The epidermis is producing the skin colore ,melanin.colore ,melanin.

owner

The Skin – Diseases & The Skin – Diseases & DisordersDisorders

Acne and its ScarringAcne and its Scarring Cold SoresCold Sores Hair Loss Hair Loss Hives Hives - drugs, and other - drugs, and other allergies can cause hives.allergies can cause hives. Nail Problems Nail Problems ItchingItching - dry skin or - dry skin or dermatitis,dermatitis, Psoriasis Psoriasis EczemaEczema Warts -Warts - A virus causes A virus causes warts.warts. Skin CancerSkin Cancer - basal cell, - basal cell, squamous cell, melanoma.squamous cell, melanoma.

DEAD SEADEAD SEAHEALTH IN CREATIONHEALTH IN CREATION

the dead sea and its the dead sea and its mineralsminerals

The most uniqueThe most unique

phenomenon on earthphenomenon on earth

A singular mineral A singular mineral composition (water and composition (water and soil)soil)

Millions of years of Millions of years of mineral creation, at the mineral creation, at the dead sea in israeldead sea in israel

Dead sea israel-factsDead sea israel-facts

It is a unique climatIt is a unique climat

Low humidityLow humidity

High temperaturesHigh temperatures

Absence of air pollutionAbsence of air pollution

High oxygen concentrationHigh oxygen concentration

Weakened UV radiation mainly (UVB)Weakened UV radiation mainly (UVB)

No need for pesticides.plants are organicNo need for pesticides.plants are organic

Dead seaDead sea

THE DEAD SEA IN ISRAELTHE DEAD SEA IN ISRAEL

It is the most ancient source of minerals in dry form and in water

The Minerals – The Minerals – DefinitionDefinition

Mineral is from the Mineral is from the latin word: “latin word: “minemine” ” (soil)(soil)

Minerals-definitionMinerals-definition

The four rules defining a mineral:The four rules defining a mineral:

they must be:they must be:• 1- Crystals,1- Crystals,• 2- Natural,2- Natural,• 3- Inorganic,3- Inorganic,• 4- The same chemical formula all the 4- The same chemical formula all the

time.time.• Of more than 50 known minerals, 19 Of more than 50 known minerals, 19

are necessary for health.are necessary for health.

DEAD SEA MINERALS

DEAD SEA DEAD SEA MINERAL water MINERAL water

creationcreation

1-Rain

2-Mineral melting

selenium

calcium

copper

iron

manganase

chromium

magnesium

A selenium mineral water spring at the dead seaThe Ein-bokek spring

The Minerals – Macro & The Minerals – Macro & MicroMicro

MacromineralsMacromineralscalcium, chlorine, calcium, chlorine, magnesium, magnesium, phosphorus, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, potassium, sodium, and sulfur.and sulfur.

MicromineralsMicrominerals• chromium, copper, chromium, copper,

iodine, iron, iodine, iron, manganese, manganese, molybdenum, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, nickel, selenium, silicon, zinc, boron, silicon, zinc, boron, tin, and vanadium.tin, and vanadium.

The Minerals – The Minerals – FunctionsFunctions

Blood and bones.Blood and bones.

Healthy nerve Healthy nerve function.function.

Muscle tone. Muscle tone.

Cardiovascular Cardiovascular system.system.

Enzymes for energy.Enzymes for energy.

Growth and healing.Growth and healing.

Minerals –Essential Minerals –Essential Component of:Component of:

Hormones.Hormones.Iron in haemoglobin,Iron in haemoglobin,Cobalt in B12,Cobalt in B12,Selenium in glutathaion, etc.Selenium in glutathaion, etc.Fluid and electrical balance.Fluid and electrical balance.

Ph balance in tissue and blood.Ph balance in tissue and blood.

Digestion and assimilation : (hydrochloric acid). Digestion and assimilation : (hydrochloric acid). It is used in the food assimilation process. It is used in the food assimilation process.

Calcium – Functions and target Calcium – Functions and target areas areas

Bones and teeth.Bones and teeth.Nerve and muscle Nerve and muscle function.function.Blood pressure.Blood pressure.Kidney function. Kidney function. Colon cancer.Colon cancer.Blood cholesterol levels.Blood cholesterol levels.Nerve impulses.Nerve impulses.Cardiovascular functions.Cardiovascular functions.Muscular growth. Muscular growth.

Prevent bone osteoporosis.Prevent bone osteoporosis.Structuring of RNA and DNA.Structuring of RNA and DNA.Activation of several enzymes Activation of several enzymes including lipase.including lipase.Neuromuscular activity.Neuromuscular activity.Healthy skin.Healthy skin.Absorption of toxic metals.Absorption of toxic metals.

Calcium - DEFICIENCY Calcium - DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS:SYMPTOMS:

muscles spasms, soft bones, back and leg muscles spasms, soft bones, back and leg cramps, brittle bones, poor growth, cramps, brittle bones, poor growth, osteoporosis, tooth decay, osteoporosis, tooth decay, depression depression Aching jointsAching jointsBrittle nailsBrittle nailsEczemaEczemaBlood cholesterolBlood cholesterolHeart palpitationsHeart palpitationsHypertensionHypertensionInsomniaInsomniaRheumatoid arthritisRheumatoid arthritisCognitive impairmentCognitive impairmentConvulsionsConvulsions

Calcium Calcium requirmentrequirment

800-1200mg. Per day800-1200mg. Per day

Magnesium – FunctionsMagnesium – FunctionsNeuromuscular activity of the heart;(rhythm) ,Neuromuscular activity of the heart;(rhythm) ,

Calcium & Vitamin C metabolism,Calcium & Vitamin C metabolism,

Converts blood sugar into energy,Converts blood sugar into energy,

Enzyme activity,Enzyme activity,

Prevents calcification of the aorta,Prevents calcification of the aorta,

Bone and mineral metabolism,Bone and mineral metabolism,

Prevent cardiovascular disease,Prevent cardiovascular disease,

Osteoporosis,Osteoporosis,

Reduce cholesterol levels,Reduce cholesterol levels,

Reduces asthma,Reduces asthma,

Depression, insomnia,Depression, insomnia,

Irritable bowel syndrome, Irritable bowel syndrome,

Chronic pain syndrome,Chronic pain syndrome,

Pulmonary disorders.Pulmonary disorders.

Magnesium – DeficiencyMagnesium – Deficiency

Heart spasms,Heart spasms,

Nervousness, muscular problems,Nervousness, muscular problems,

Confusion,Confusion,

Kidney stones,Kidney stones,

Insomnia ,Insomnia ,

Rapid heart beat.Rapid heart beat.

Magnesium - SourcesMagnesium - SourcesSeafood,Seafood,

Dark green vegetables,Dark green vegetables,

Legumes,Legumes,

Nuts, seeds,Nuts, seeds,

Soy products( tofu) ,Soy products( tofu) ,

Bran and brown rice ,Bran and brown rice ,

Fruits such as avocado , dried apricot are Fruits such as avocado , dried apricot are other sources , other sources ,

Hard water is a valuable source of Hard water is a valuable source of magnesium.magnesium.

Dolomite and bonemeal are good sources Dolomite and bonemeal are good sources of magnesium, as they are of calcium. of magnesium, as they are of calcium.

Magnesium Magnesium RequirementsRequirements

The Recommended Daily Allowance The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) is about 300-450 mg.(RDA) is about 300-450 mg.

those who drink alcohol those who drink alcohol need more magnesium.need more magnesium.

Phosphorus – Functions and Phosphorus – Functions and targets targets

Bones and teeth, energy production, protein Bones and teeth, energy production, protein synthesis for the growth, maintenance, and synthesis for the growth, maintenance, and repair of all tissues and cells.repair of all tissues and cells.The production of the nucleic acids in DNA and The production of the nucleic acids in DNA and RNA, which carry the genetic code for all cells. RNA, which carry the genetic code for all cells.

kidney function, it acts as a buffer for acid-base kidney function, it acts as a buffer for acid-base balance in the body. balance in the body. Muscle contraction (heartbeet), supportive of Muscle contraction (heartbeet), supportive of proper nerve conduction. proper nerve conduction.

Phosphorus –UsesPhosphorus –Uses

Treat bone problems; It is used in the Treatment Treat bone problems; It is used in the Treatment of osteomalacia, of osteomalacia,

Osteoporosis, Osteoporosis,

Rickets, Rickets,

Reducing stress,Reducing stress,

Arthritis,Arthritis,

Tooth and gum problems,Tooth and gum problems,

Cancer, phosphorus may be useful in the Cancer, phosphorus may be useful in the nutritional support of cancer patients.nutritional support of cancer patients.

Phosphorus – Phosphorus – SourcesSources

Meats, fish, chicken, turkey,Meats, fish, chicken, turkey,Milk, cheese, and eggs,Milk, cheese, and eggs,Seeds and nuts also whole grains, Seeds and nuts also whole grains, brewer's yeast, and wheat germ and bran.brewer's yeast, and wheat germ and bran.Fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables.

Phosphorus absorption may be decreased Phosphorus absorption may be decreased by antacids, iron, aluminum, or by antacids, iron, aluminum, or magnesium.magnesium.Caffeine causes increased phosphorus Caffeine causes increased phosphorus excretion by the kidneys. excretion by the kidneys.

Phosphorus –DeficiencyPhosphorus –Deficiency

Rickets in children and osteomalacia in Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. adults.

Anorexia, weakness, weight loss, irritability, Anorexia, weakness, weight loss, irritability, anxiety, stiff joints, bone pain, and bone anxiety, stiff joints, bone pain, and bone fragility.fragility.

Decreased growth, poor bone and tooth Decreased growth, poor bone and tooth development.development.

Phosphorus – Phosphorus – RequirementsRequirements

The RDA for phosphorus is the same as The RDA for phosphorus is the same as that for calcium, 800-1200 mg. for that for calcium, 800-1200 mg. for adults. adults.

Potassium - GeneralPotassium - General

Important to cellular and electrical function.Important to cellular and electrical function. It is an "electrolytes" (the others are It is an "electrolytes" (the others are sodium and chloride), which means it sodium and chloride), which means it carries a tiny electrical charge (potential).carries a tiny electrical charge (potential).Potassium and sodium are antagonistic.Potassium and sodium are antagonistic.

Potassium – SourcesPotassium – Sources

VegetablesVegetablesFruitsFruitsWholeGRAINSWholeGRAINSSeeds and nutsSeeds and nutsFish AND meatFish AND meat

Potassium – Deficiency1Potassium – Deficiency1

Increases Increases acid levelsacid levels in the body, in the body,

The liver cannot operate normally, The liver cannot operate normally, particularly particularly regarding regarding transformation of glucose to transformation of glucose to glycogen.glycogen.

`̀

Potassium – Deficiency 2Potassium – Deficiency 2

Connective tissue problems,Connective tissue problems,Fatigue, muscle weakness, slow reflexes,Fatigue, muscle weakness, slow reflexes,Dry skin or acne,Dry skin or acne,Nervous disorders, insomnia, slow or Nervous disorders, insomnia, slow or irregular heartbeat,irregular heartbeat,Loss of gastrointestinal tone,Loss of gastrointestinal tone,Cardiac disorders,Cardiac disorders,Elevated blood sugar,Elevated blood sugar,Serious muscle weakness, bone fragility, Serious muscle weakness, bone fragility, central nervous system changes, central nervous system changes, decreased heart rate, and even death.decreased heart rate, and even death.

Potassium – Potassium – RequirementsRequirements

At least 2-2.5 grams per day are At least 2-2.5 grams per day are needed.needed.

Sodium – GeneralSodium – General

Known as table salt- Known as table salt- Table salt, has a high sodium Table salt, has a high sodium content.content.

• Bodily fluids,Bodily fluids,• Ph. balance and blood pressure regulation,Ph. balance and blood pressure regulation,• Electrolyte for the normal functioning of the nerve system,Electrolyte for the normal functioning of the nerve system,• Retain water and prevent dehydration,Retain water and prevent dehydration,• Antibacterial,as mouth wash to combat gum infections.Antibacterial,as mouth wash to combat gum infections.• Sodium supplements may be required in:Sodium supplements may be required in:• Addison's disease, adrenal gland tumors,Addison's disease, adrenal gland tumors,• kidney disease,kidney disease,• Low blood pressure,Low blood pressure,• For severe dehydration or by people who take diuretic drugs.For severe dehydration or by people who take diuretic drugs.• External use of sodiumExternal use of sodium• Soaking in water from the Dead Sea helps in the treatment of Soaking in water from the Dead Sea helps in the treatment of

rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and , psoriatic arthritis, and osteoarthritis of the knees. of the knees.• Located in Israel, the Dead Sea is rich in other minerals such as Located in Israel, the Dead Sea is rich in other minerals such as magnesium

, potassium,selenium and , potassium,selenium and calcium..• Dead sea water have also been recommended as a remedy for sweaty feet.Dead sea water have also been recommended as a remedy for sweaty feet.

Sodium – FunctionsSodium – Functions

http://www.findarticles.com/g2603/0006/2603000628/p1/article.jhtml




Sodium – Sodium – RequirementsRequirements

The minimum for children and adults The minimum for children and adults ages 10 and over is 500 mg a day. ages 10 and over is 500 mg a day.

Sulfur – FunctionsSulfur – FunctionsEnzyme reactions and protein synthesis.Enzyme reactions and protein synthesis.Collagen.Collagen.keratin, for the maintenance of the skin, hair, and keratin, for the maintenance of the skin, hair, and nails, helping to give strength, shape, and nails, helping to give strength, shape, and hardness to these protein tissues.hardness to these protein tissues.Insulin and heparin, an anticoagulant, biotin, Insulin and heparin, an anticoagulant, biotin, coenzyme A, lipoic acid.coenzyme A, lipoic acid. It helps the cells utilize oxygen, which aids brain It helps the cells utilize oxygen, which aids brain function and all cell activity.function and all cell activity.It helps to produce It helps to produce glutathione.glutathione.

Sulfur – SourcesSulfur – Sources

Protein foods-meats, fish, poultry, eggs, Protein foods-meats, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, and legumes are all good sources.milk, and legumes are all good sources.

Egg yolks are one of the better sources Egg yolks are one of the better sources of sulfur. of sulfur.

Sulfur – Uses 1Sulfur – Uses 1

Psoriasis with zinc,Psoriasis with zinc,Prblems of the skin or hair, Prblems of the skin or hair, Joint problems may be helped by Joint problems may be helped by chondroitin sulfate.chondroitin sulfate.Arthritis sufferers have been helped by Arthritis sufferers have been helped by bathing in waters that contain high bathing in waters that contain high amounts of sulfur. amounts of sulfur. Magnesium sulfate, as a laxative.Magnesium sulfate, as a laxative.Taurine, another sulfur-containing amino Taurine, another sulfur-containing amino acid, has been used in epilepsy treatment, acid, has been used in epilepsy treatment, usually along with zinc. usually along with zinc.


To prevent Oxidation of LDLs that To prevent Oxidation of LDLs that cause atherosclerosis.cause atherosclerosis.

Glucosamine sulfate is Used to Glucosamine sulfate is Used to treat osteoarthritis. treat osteoarthritis.


Like glutathione, it can scavenge free Like glutathione, it can scavenge free radicals.radicals.

To reduce autoimmunity associated To reduce autoimmunity associated with radiation.with radiation.

It helps to prevent fatty liverIt helps to prevent fatty liver

Sulfur – RequirementsSulfur – Requirements

Our needs are usually easily met Our needs are usually easily met through diet.through diet.

About 850 mg. Per day.About 850 mg. Per day.

Microminerals – Microminerals – Chromium FunctionChromium Function

Metabolism of sugar and stabilizes blood sugar levels Metabolism of sugar and stabilizes blood sugar levels

Reducing Cholesterol & Triglyceride levels, Reducing Cholesterol & Triglyceride levels,

Helps transport amino acids to where the body needs Helps transport amino acids to where the body needs them,them,

To control the appetite,To control the appetite,

To prevent cancer and heart problems and becoming To prevent cancer and heart problems and becoming diabetic,diabetic,

Metabolism of glucose, hence to produce energy,Metabolism of glucose, hence to produce energy,

Synthesis of cholesterol, fats and protein,Synthesis of cholesterol, fats and protein,

To prevent continued elevations of blood sugar, which To prevent continued elevations of blood sugar, which can lead to diabetes.can lead to diabetes.

Microminerals – Microminerals – Chromium – SourcesChromium – Sources

Brewer's yeast is likely the best Brewer's yeast is likely the best available source of chromium.available source of chromium.

Beef, liver, whole wheat, rye, fresh Beef, liver, whole wheat, rye, fresh chilies, oysters, potatoes, wheat germ, chilies, oysters, potatoes, wheat germ, green peppers, eggs, chicken, apples, green peppers, eggs, chicken, apples, butter, bananas, and spinach.butter, bananas, and spinach.

Microminerals – Chromium – Microminerals – Chromium – UsesUses

Treatment of Diabetes,Treatment of Diabetes,Lowering Cholesterol Levels,Lowering Cholesterol Levels,Lowering Triglyceride Levels,Lowering Triglyceride Levels,Reducing atherosclerosis in people, Reducing atherosclerosis in people, especially in those who show low especially in those who show low chromium levels.chromium levels.

Microminerals – Chromium – Microminerals – Chromium – DeficiencyDeficiency

blood sugar metabolism, blood sugar metabolism, anxiety and fatigue. anxiety and fatigue. Abnormal cholesterol metabolism. Abnormal cholesterol metabolism. Atherosclerosis .Atherosclerosis .decreased growth in young people.decreased growth in young people.slower healing time after injuries or slower healing time after injuries or surgery.surgery.Higher incidence of diabetes and Higher incidence of diabetes and arteriosclerosis.arteriosclerosis.

Microminerals – Chromium – Microminerals – Chromium – RequirementsRequirements

We need at least 100-200 mcg. in the We need at least 100-200 mcg. in the daily diet.daily diet.

Persons with type 1 or 2 diabetes may Persons with type 1 or 2 diabetes may require 400 or 600 microg/d. require 400 or 600 microg/d.

THE DIAMOND IN THE CROWN

Microminerals – SeleniumMicrominerals – Selenium

What is it???What is it???

Selenium is a nonmetallic element with an atomic number of 34 and Selenium is a nonmetallic element with an atomic number of 34 and an atomic weight of 78.96. Its chemical symbol is Se. Selenium is an atomic weight of 78.96. Its chemical symbol is Se. Selenium is most commonly found in nature in its inorganic form, sodium most commonly found in nature in its inorganic form, sodium selenite. An organic form of selenium, selenomethionine, is found selenite. An organic form of selenium, selenomethionine, is found in foods AND WATER.in foods AND WATER.

In 1989, selenium was reclassified as an essential micronutrient In 1989, selenium was reclassified as an essential micronutrient first recommended daily allowance (RDA) for it.first recommended daily allowance (RDA) for it.

It is considered a minor mineral, or a trace element.It is considered a minor mineral, or a trace element.

There is less than 1 mg of selenium in the average human body.There is less than 1 mg of selenium in the average human body.

The selenium is concentrated in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas.The selenium is concentrated in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas.

In males, selenium is also found in the testes and seminal vesicles.In males, selenium is also found in the testes and seminal vesicles.

It is now regarded as an essential one, needed in small daily It is now regarded as an essential one, needed in small daily amounts. amounts.

Microminerals – Selenium - Microminerals – Selenium - AntioxidantAntioxidant

Selenium is a strong antioxidant.Selenium is a strong antioxidant.

It protects cell membranes form being destroyed by free It protects cell membranes form being destroyed by free radicals.radicals.

Free radicalsFree radicals initiate chain reactions that destroy cell structures. initiate chain reactions that destroy cell structures.

Like other antioxidants, selenium scavenges or cleans up these Like other antioxidants, selenium scavenges or cleans up these highly reactive radicals and changes them into inactive, less highly reactive radicals and changes them into inactive, less harmful compounds.harmful compounds.

Therefore, it can help to prevent cancer,Therefore, it can help to prevent cancer,

Premature aging,Premature aging,

Heart disease,Heart disease,

Autoimmune diseases,Autoimmune diseases,

Arthritis, cataracts,Arthritis, cataracts,

Alzheimer's disease,Alzheimer's disease,

Diabetes. Selenium and vitamin E work together synergistically.Diabetes. Selenium and vitamin E work together synergistically.

The life of a sad cellThe life of a sad cell

Oxidative Oxidative stressstress

Free radicalsFree radicalsHeavy metalsHeavy metals

Sun Sun radiationradiation

Lipid Lipid peroxidationperoxidation

DNA

SELENIUMSELENIUM

MINERAL WATERMINERAL WATER

Microminerals – Selenium – Microminerals – Selenium – Functions 1Functions 1

The main role as an antioxidant in the enzyme The main role as an antioxidant in the enzyme selenium-glutathione peroxidase. selenium-glutathione peroxidase.

That enzyme helps to prevent cellular degeneration That enzyme helps to prevent cellular degeneration from the common peroxidase free radicals. from the common peroxidase free radicals.

GP-X has been shown to prevent chromosome damage GP-X has been shown to prevent chromosome damage in tissue cultures.in tissue cultures.

Selenium in the form of selenocysteine prevents or Selenium in the form of selenocysteine prevents or slows the biochemical aging process of tissue slows the biochemical aging process of tissue degeneration and hardening.degeneration and hardening.

The antioxidant effect may also benefit the The antioxidant effect may also benefit the cardiovascular system and protect against cancer. cardiovascular system and protect against cancer.

Microminerals – Microminerals – Selenium – Functions 2Selenium – Functions 2Selenium also appears to work as an anti-Selenium also appears to work as an anti-inflammatory agent in certain disorders.inflammatory agent in certain disorders.

Selenium also appears to help stimulate Selenium also appears to help stimulate antibody formation in response to vaccines.antibody formation in response to vaccines.

Selenium is thought to offer protection Selenium is thought to offer protection against cardiovascular disease. against cardiovascular disease.

Microminerals – Microminerals – Selenium unctions 3Selenium unctions 3

Selenium is also being found to have an Selenium is also being found to have an anticarcinogenic effect.anticarcinogenic effect.

Good selenium levels correlate with low Good selenium levels correlate with low cancer rates and low levels with increased cancer rates and low levels with increased cancer rates.cancer rates.

Selenium decreases cell division and helps Selenium decreases cell division and helps cell repair.cell repair.

Microminerals – Microminerals – Selenium – Functions 4Selenium – Functions 4

Selenium protects us from the toxic effects of heavy Selenium protects us from the toxic effects of heavy metals. metals.

People with adequate selenium intake have fewer adverse People with adequate selenium intake have fewer adverse effects from cigarette smoking,effects from cigarette smoking,

Alcohol,Alcohol,

Oxidized fats,Oxidized fats,

Mercury and cadmium.Mercury and cadmium.

Selenium may also aid in protein synthesis, growth and Selenium may also aid in protein synthesis, growth and development, and fertility, especially in the male. development, and fertility, especially in the male.

It has been shown to improve sperm production and It has been shown to improve sperm production and motility.motility.

Thus, selenium may prevent male infertility.Thus, selenium may prevent male infertility.

Microminerals – Selenium – Microminerals – Selenium – Sources and factsSources and facts

Soil levels of selenium vary greatly from state to state.Soil levels of selenium vary greatly from state to state.

Selenium in foods is lost during processing. Selenium in foods is lost during processing.

Good sources of selenium include brewer's yeast, wheat germ, Good sources of selenium include brewer's yeast, wheat germ, wheat bran, kelp (seaweed), shellfish, Brazil nuts, barley, and wheat bran, kelp (seaweed), shellfish, Brazil nuts, barley, and oats. Onions, garlic, mushrooms, broccoli, and Swiss chard may oats. Onions, garlic, mushrooms, broccoli, and Swiss chard may contain high amounts of selenium if they are grown in selenium-contain high amounts of selenium if they are grown in selenium-rich soil.rich soil.

Selenium is rare to be presented in drinking waterSelenium is rare to be presented in drinking water..

Nursing mothers should note that human milk is much richer in Nursing mothers should note that human milk is much richer in selenium than cow's milk.selenium than cow's milk.

About 60% of dietary selenium is absorbed as food passes About 60% of dietary selenium is absorbed as food passes through the intestines.through the intestines.

Selenium leaves the body in the urine and feces; males also lose Selenium leaves the body in the urine and feces; males also lose some selenium through ejaculation of sperm.some selenium through ejaculation of sperm.

Microminerals – Selenium – Microminerals – Selenium – Uses 1Uses 1

Naturopaths use selenium supplements Naturopaths use selenium supplements to treatto treat

Asthma,Asthma,Acne,Acne,Tendinitis,Tendinitis,Infertility problems in men,Infertility problems in men,Post-menopausal disorders in women.Post-menopausal disorders in women.


DermatologyDermatology

Selenium has been used since the Selenium has been used since the 1960s in dandruff shampoos.1960s in dandruff shampoos.

FolliculitisFolliculitis

Tinea versicolor,Tinea versicolor,

Mild infection of the skin, Mild infection of the skin,

Fungus Pityrosporum orbiculare.Fungus Pityrosporum orbiculare.


Anti – inflamatory Anti – inflamatory

To treat arthritis and some To treat arthritis and some autoimmune problems, such as autoimmune problems, such as lupus erythematosus or lupus erythematosus or vasculitis.vasculitis.

Microminerals – Microminerals – Selenium – Uses 4Selenium – Uses 4

Cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases.

Heart attacks and strokes treatment.Heart attacks and strokes treatment.

selenium can help prevent selenium can help prevent atherosclerosis (narrowing and hardening atherosclerosis (narrowing and hardening of the arteries.of the arteries.

It is binding the free radicals that damage It is binding the free radicals that damage the tissues lining in the arteries. Other the tissues lining in the arteries. Other studies indicate that selenium reduces the studies indicate that selenium reduces the symptoms of angina pectoris.symptoms of angina pectoris.


Cataracts Cataracts

Cataracts eyes contains only one-sixth as Cataracts eyes contains only one-sixth as much selenium as normal lens tissue.much selenium as normal lens tissue.

The healthy lens requires adequate levels of The healthy lens requires adequate levels of enzyme glutathione peroxidase.enzyme glutathione peroxidase.

Glutathione peroxidase in the human eye is Glutathione peroxidase in the human eye is dependent on selenium, which suggests that dependent on selenium, which suggests that a selenium deficiency speeds up the a selenium deficiency speeds up the progression of cataracts.progression of cataracts.


Cancer treatment. Cancer treatment.

Low dietary levels of selenium have been associated Low dietary levels of selenium have been associated with an increased incidence of cancer.with an increased incidence of cancer.

Cancers of the respiratory system and the Cancers of the respiratory system and the gastrointestinal tract seem to be especially sensitive gastrointestinal tract seem to be especially sensitive to the level of selenium in the body.to the level of selenium in the body.

In a recent study, patients with histories of skin In a recent study, patients with histories of skin cancer were given 200 mcg.of selenium per day whichcancer were given 200 mcg.of selenium per day which

lowered the rate of mortality for all the patients.lowered the rate of mortality for all the patients.

Selenium protects against cancer. Selenium protects against cancer.

Some researchers believe that selenium may prevent Some researchers believe that selenium may prevent mutations or decrease the rate of cell division.mutations or decrease the rate of cell division.


Periodontal disease.Periodontal disease.

Selenium appears to speed up the Selenium appears to speed up the healing of fragile gum tissue.healing of fragile gum tissue.

Flu (reducing morbidity and mortality.Flu (reducing morbidity and mortality.

(50-100 mcg/day, less for children)(50-100 mcg/day, less for children)


Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis

Autoimmune diseases, especially lupus Autoimmune diseases, especially lupus and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Patients suffering from RA have low Patients suffering from RA have low selenium levels.selenium levels.

Production of the enzyme glutathione Production of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which reduces the production peroxidase, which reduces the production of inflammatory substances in the body of inflammatory substances in the body (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) (prostaglandins and leukotrienes)


Menopausal symptoms.Menopausal symptoms.

It is certainly possible that selenium It is certainly possible that selenium can increase sexual potency and can increase sexual potency and fertility by improving sperm production fertility by improving sperm production and motility and by protecting against and motility and by protecting against oxidative damage in the testes and oxidative damage in the testes and related organs.related organs.

Microminerals – Microminerals – Selenium – RequirementsSelenium – Requirements

Between 100-200 mcg. per day for Between 100-200 mcg. per day for adults and about 30-150 mcg. per day adults and about 30-150 mcg. per day for children, depending on age.for children, depending on age.

Men may need more selenium, Men may need more selenium, especially when sexually active. especially when sexually active.

The generally higher levels for males The generally higher levels for males are related to the importance of are related to the importance of selenium in producing vigorous sperm.selenium in producing vigorous sperm.

Selenium – BioavailabilitySelenium – BioavailabilityThe bioavailability of selenium is complicated.The bioavailability of selenium is complicated.

The major form of selenium in foods is The major form of selenium in foods is selenomethionine.selenomethionine.

Selenomethionine is well absorbed (90%) Selenomethionine is well absorbed (90%) it is found it is found in ein bokek spring water near the dead in ein bokek spring water near the dead sea in israel.sea in israel.

This type of selenium functions as This type of selenium functions as the best available form known in the best available form known in The world. The world.

Chlorine- GeneralChlorine- General

It exists primarily as the chloride anion,It exists primarily as the chloride anion,

It joins with cations such as sodium to make It joins with cations such as sodium to make

salt (sodium chloride)salt (sodium chloride) and with and with hydrogen to make stomach acid hydrogen to make stomach acid (hydrochloric acid). (hydrochloric acid).

Chlorine FunctionsChlorine Functions

It helps generate the osmotic pressure of body fluids.

To maintain the body's acid-base balance.

Allowing the liver to clear waste products.

Chlorine – SourcesChlorine – Sources

Salt, vegetables, Seaweeds (such as dulse Salt, vegetables, Seaweeds (such as dulse and kelp), olives, rye, lettuce, tomatoes, and and kelp), olives, rye, lettuce, tomatoes, and celery.celery.

Good chloride-containing foods. Potassium Good chloride-containing foods. Potassium chloride (KCl) is also found in foods or as the chloride (KCl) is also found in foods or as the "salt substitute." "salt substitute."

Chlorine - Deficiency Chlorine - Deficiency

metabolic alkalosis (body fluids becoming metabolic alkalosis (body fluids becoming too alkaline)too alkaline)

low fluid volumelow fluid volume

urinary potassium loss. This can cause urinary potassium loss. This can cause further problems in acid-base balance.further problems in acid-base balance.

Chlorine – Chlorine – RequirementsRequirements

Infants probably need about 0.5-1 gram Infants probably need about 0.5-1 gram daily. daily.

Adults needs are in the range of 1.7-5 Adults needs are in the range of 1.7-5 grams daily.grams daily.

Microminerals – Copper Microminerals – Copper Function Function

Iron absorption and transport.It is a cofactor for approximately 50 different enzymes. These enzymes need copper to function properly. To make hemoglobin.To build elastin and collagen,for bones and connective tissues. To protect the bones and joints against degeneration and osteoporosis.

For melanin production. People with copper deficiency may have pale skin and hair.



Microminerals – Microminerals – Copper, FunctionCopper, Function

Immune system.Wound healing.Attacks free radicals. Superoxide dismutase (SOD).Produce energy.Break down fats in fat tissue to produce much needed energy.For normal functioning of insulin.Needed for normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. The nervous system, including the brain.Copper protects nerve fiber by maintaining myelin, the insulating sheath that surrounds nerve cells. It also aids the transmission of nerve signals in the brains.


Microminerals – Copper, Microminerals – Copper, SourcesSources

whole grains, wheat; shellfish, shrimp ,liver and other organ meats; Dried peas and beans; and nuts, such as Brazil nuts, almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts, and pecans. Oysters,Soybeans, Fruits, such as prunes; cocoa, black pepper, and yeast are also sources.Copper can come from water pipes and cookware.

Microminerals – Copper – Microminerals – Copper – Antioxidant Antioxidant

Copper is a strong antioxidant. It works together with an antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), to protect cell membranes form being destroyed by free radicals. Free radicals are any molecules that are missing one electron. Because this is an unbalanced and unstable state, a radical is desperately finding ways to complete its pair. Therefore, it reacts to any nearby molecules to either steal an electron or give away the unpaired one. In the process, free radicals initiate chain reactions that destroy cell structures. Like other antioxidants, copper scavenges or cleans up these highly reactive radicals and changes them into inactive, less harmful compounds. Therefore, it can help prevent cancer and many other degenerative diseases or conditions such as premature aging, heart disease, autoimmune diseases, arthritis, cataracts, Alzheimer's disease, or diabetes.






Microminerals – Copper – Microminerals – Copper – UsesUses

Copper play a role in preventing osteoporosis.

Copper can be even effective in increasing bone density and preventing osteoporosis if it is used in combination with calcium and two other trace minerals, zinc and manganese.

It is possibly effective in reducing inflammatory response to such conditions as rheumatoid arthritis.


Microminerals – Copper – Microminerals – Copper – Deficiency 1Deficiency 1

with iron deficiency, anemia. Fatigue, paleness, skin sores, and edema may appear with this, as may slowed growth, hair loss, anorexia, diarrhea, and dermatitis. Low copper levels may also affect collagen formation. Reduced thyroid function, weakened immunity, cardiovascular disease, increased cholesterol,bone demineralization, poor nerve conductivity, increased infection rate,

Microminerals – Copper – Microminerals – Copper – Deficiency 2Deficiency 2anemia

malnourished infants

prominently dilated veins

pale hair or skin

poorly formed bones

nervous system disorders

high cholesterol levels

heart disease

loss of taste

increased susceptibility to infections

infertility

birth defects


Microminerals – Copper – Microminerals – Copper – RequirementsRequirements

The RDA for copper in adults is 2 mg

Microminerals – Iodine – FunctionMicrominerals – Iodine – Function

Thyroid hormones and thyroid function.Basal metabolic rate (BMR)-that is, the body's use of energy.Cell respiration and the production of energy as ATP and further increases oxygen consumption and general metabolism. Normal growth and development, protein synthesis, and energy metabolism.Nerve and bone formation,Reproduction, The condition of the skin,Hair,Nails,Teeth, Our speech and mental state are all influenced by thyroid as well.Thyroid and, thus, iodine also affect the conversion of carotene to vitamin A and carbohydrate absorption. Iodine produces the hormones T3 and T4.

Microminerals – Iodine – Microminerals – Iodine – SourcesSources

SeafoodSeafood and sea vegetables: canned sardines, and sea vegetables: canned sardines, canned tuna, clams, cod, haddock, halibut, canned tuna, clams, cod, haddock, halibut, herring, lobster, oyster, perch, salmon, seaherring, lobster, oyster, perch, salmon, sea bass, and shrimp. Dulse,bass, and shrimp. Dulse, kelp, , and seaweed and seaweed are also sources of dietary iodine.are also sources of dietary iodine.beefbeef, , beef liver, butter, cheddar cheese, beef liver, butter, cheddar cheese, cottage cheese, cream, eggs, lamb, milk, and cottage cheese, cream, eggs, lamb, milk, and pork. Some foods such as breads may contain pork. Some foods such as breads may contain iodine additives.iodine additives.Another source of dietary iodine isAnother source of dietary iodine is iodized saltiodized salt


Microminerals – Iodine – Microminerals – Iodine – UsesUses

Iodine may be used to treat goiter (an enlargement of the Thyroid Iodine may be used to treat goiter (an enlargement of the Thyroid gland),gland),Symptoms ofSymptoms of hypothyroidism (diminished production of thyroid (diminished production of thyroid hormone),hormone), hyperthyroidism (increased production of the thyroid gland).(increased production of the thyroid gland). It may also be used as an expectorant inIt may also be used as an expectorant in cough medications.medications. Applications of iodine to conditions including arteriosclerosis,Applications of iodine to conditions including arteriosclerosis, Iodine tinctures (dilute mixtures of alcohol and iodine) or Betadyne are Iodine tinctures (dilute mixtures of alcohol and iodine) or Betadyne are used as antiseptics to kill bacteria in skin cuts.used as antiseptics to kill bacteria in skin cuts.Some research has shown that oral iodine supplements have Some research has shown that oral iodine supplements have antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects.antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects.Iodine is used for a variety of medical testing.Iodine is used for a variety of medical testing. it may be used in x-raying the gallbladder or kidneys or in cardiac it may be used in x-raying the gallbladder or kidneys or in cardiac imaging.imaging.It is used as a diagnostic tool to examine the thyroid gland's output. A It is used as a diagnostic tool to examine the thyroid gland's output. A common test measures thyroid radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU). common test measures thyroid radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU). Trace amounts of radioactive iodine (123I or 131 I) are used to test Trace amounts of radioactive iodine (123I or 131 I) are used to test thyroid function.thyroid function.




Microminerals – Iodine – Microminerals – Iodine – RequirementsRequirements

RDA for IodineRDA for Iodine(in mcg.) 50-200 per day(in mcg.) 50-200 per day

Microminerals – Iodine – Microminerals – Iodine – Deficiency 1Deficiency 1

Brain damageBrain damage and mental retardation and mental retardation stuntedstunted growth)growth)

Problems inProblems in movement, speechmovement, speech, , andand hearinghearing..

A pregnant woman with an iodine deficiencyA pregnant woman with an iodine deficiency risksrisks miscarriagemiscarriage,,

Mental retardationMental retardation of the babyof the baby..

1.6 billion people worldwide at risk for1.6 billion people worldwide at risk for IDDIDDss, , andand 50 million children50 million children suffering from somesuffering from some degree ofdegree of IDDIDD..

Microminerals – Iodine – Microminerals – Iodine – Deficiency 2Deficiency 2

Too little iodine intake can result inToo little iodine intake can result in cold feet,cold feet,

fatigue,

insomnia ,insomnia ,

problems withproblems with skinskin,,

nailsnails andand hairhair,,

weight gainweight gain,,

GoiterGoiter can result from iodine deficiency,can result from iodine deficiency,


selenium

Health & Medicine