selected antiseptics

7/31/2019 Selected Antiseptics

1/3

Antimicrobials

inhibits the growth of microorganisms kills microorganismsPhenolic Compounds (Phenols)

Powerful acid that burns the skin and mucous membranes Causes skin desquamation Used before as skin peeling agent Increases the risk of Cardiac reactionsa. Cresolb. Carbonic Acid modification of phenolic compoundc.

Lysol caustic in high concentration; burning reactiond. Resorcinol or Hexylresorcinol for skin peeling; mild form; with neutralizer;administered by dermatologists

e. Hexachlorphene (Phisolex / Phisohex) Germicide used 1x a week; for handwashing; very oily and leaves an oily feeling

Dyes or Rosaniline Dyes

a. Gentian Violet tina; caused by a virus lodged in Parotid Gland; for mumps;exerts cooling effect; slight antiseptic effect; not advised due to allergic reactions due

to frequent application

b. Carbol Fuchsin Solution for gram staining; decolorizationHeavy Metals or Mercurials (2 Forms)

1. Mercurialsa. Mercurochrome(Merbromin) leads to mercury poisoningb. Thimerosal (Merthiolate) for pedicure and manicure but not recommended;

band aid with acrinol (substitute for merthiolate; has yellowish tinge)

c. Nitromersol2. Silver Compounds

a. Silver Nitrateb. Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene) for burns; whitens burnt skin; if not applied

skin will darken; maintains PH of skin; prevents dehydration and evaporation of

moisture

c. Silver Acetate clear form; in cream; modification of all silver compoundsHalogens

a. Sodium Hypochloride generic name of Zonrox (Clorox); white crystallinesolution; acidic in nature; evaporates easily; increases risk of cardiac and respiratory

reactions; increases risk of lung contractions;desquamation; increases risk of

contact dermatitis


2/3

b. Chloramines (Halozones) chlorine for swimming pool; may causes Fluorosis ofteeth; decalcification of bones and teeth; easily destroys in hot water; kills

microorganisms in water forms

Iodine Compounds

a. Tincture of Iodine powerful cleansing agent; degreasing agent; powerfulantiseptic agent

b. Povidone Iodine (Betadine) drying agent; cleanser for AIDS Patient/Oxidizing Agents

a. Hydrogen Peroxide foul odor when applied in wounds; white crystalline color;softens necrotic tissue maintains skin moisture and lipids

b. Zinc Peroxide clinical modification of Hydrogen Peroxidec. Benzoyl Peroxide drug of choice for cystic acne; degreasing agent (absorbs oil); 5

10% only

Biguanides

a. Chlorhexidine Gluconate antiseptic; feminine wash; lactacyd or ph care usedaily; gynepro use 1x a week

*Hibiclens

*Hibitane

Surface Active Agents: Benzalkonium Chloride (Zephiran) antiseptic; options if

theres no agua oxenada or betadine; powerful disinfectant; generic name of Eskinol

Alcohol

a. Isopropyl 70%; plain isopropyl not with moisturizerb. Ethanol ethyl alcohol derived in sugar caneAcids mixed with cosmetic peeling agent for commercial use d/t

exfoliant effect

maintains ph level of skin tightens skin tissues skin peeling agenta. Acetic Acid (Vinegar) dilute in waterb. Benzoic Acid synthetic acidc. Lactic Acid milkd. Boric Acid synthetice. Salicylic synthetic; can burnAPAP SOLUTION

Sterilants Aldehydes / Disinfectants


3/3

a. Formaldehydes formalinb. Glutaraldehydes (Cidex) where instruments are soaked; soaking solutionInfection Occurence

1. Non compliance2. Some bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics3. Some microbes such as INFLUENZA have many different strains that a single vaccine

or agent cant treat or protect against all of them.4. Most viruses resist anti-viral drugs5. New Infectious Agents ocassinally arise such as HIV & Corona Virus6. Some microbes localize or systemic in body areas that make treatment more difficult

(Ex. bones, CNS) these microbes multiply fast (Tb microbes multiply every 12hrs)

7. Opportunistic organisms and growth of other microbes makes treatment moredifficult (can cause infection in immunocompromised patients or decrease resistant

clients

8. No Immunization9. Increased Air Travel can spread virulent organism in healthy populated areas.10.Use of biological warfare or bioterrorism increasing threat to public health and

safety throughout the world.

11.Expanded use of Immunosuppressive drugs and invasive procedures increases riskof infection (Immunosuppressive drugs are antibiotics; cancer drugs or anti-

neoplastic drugs; antihistamines; steroids (2wks 1 mo only)

12. Malnutrition or Undernourished lifestyle decrease resistance

The Ability of Infectious Agent to cause disease depends on its

1. Pathogenicity organisms ability to harm or cause a disease2. Virulence vigor with the organisms can grow and multiply3. Invasiveness ability to enter tissues4. Specificity organisms attraction to host, w/c may include humans (ex. Typhoid

salmonella goes to peyers patches in the intestine)

selected antiseptics

Documents