seismic vulnerability and protection of nonstructural components t. t. soong and d. lopez garcia...
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SEISMIC VULNERABILITY AND PROTECTIONSEISMIC VULNERABILITY AND PROTECTIONOF NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTSOF NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
by
T. T. SOONG T. T. SOONG and D. LOPEZ GARCIAand D. LOPEZ GARCIA
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL, STRUCTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERINGUNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO, STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK
NCREE/JRC WorkshopNovember 17-19, 2003
Examples of Nonstructural Components
Architectural Partitions
Piping Systems
Ceilings
Mechanical and Electrical Equipment
Exterior Cladding
Contents
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Examples of Nonstructural Damage
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Investments in Building Construction (Miranda)
18.0%
62.0%
20.0%
13.0%
70.0%
17.0%
8.0%
48.0%
44.0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Office Hotel Hospital
Contents
Nonstructural
Structural
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Direct Economic Loss due to Building Damage
1994 Northridge Earthquake (Kircher, 2003)
Total: $18.5 Billion
Nonstructural Related: ~ 50%
1994 Northridge Earthquake (Kircher, 2003)
(Non-residential Buildings)
Total: $6.29 Billion
Nonstructural Related: $5.20 Billion (83%)
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Fatalities
1999 Kocaeli Earthquake (Petal, 2003)
Total: 17,480
Nonstructural Related: ~ 550 (3%)
1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake (Soong et al, 2000)
(at One Hospital)
Total: 7
Nonstructural Related: 7 (100%)
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Seismic Vulnerability
Analysis
Monte-Carlo Simulation
Experience Data
Experiments
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Equipment with restraints
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Anchor Bolts or Expansion Bolts Resistant straps, Braces,Tendons or Plumber’s Tapes
Spring Mounts or Isolators Tendons, Cables, Bungee Cords,Springs or Toggle Bars or Plumber’s Tapes
Fragility curves for restraint breakage limit state
(Lopez Garcia and Soong 2003)NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
d = 0.10 - Teq = 0.05 sec
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
HPBA [g]
FR
AG
ILIT
Y
k = 0.00
k = 0.75
ß = 0.40
ß = 0.70
ß = 0.10
ß = 1.00
d = 0.10 - Teq = 0.20 sec
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
HPBA [g]
FR
AG
ILIT
Y
k = 0.00
k = 0.75
ß = 0.40
ß = 0.70
ß = 0.10
ß = 1.00
d = 0.40 - Teq = 0.05 sec
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
HPBA [g]
FR
AG
ILIT
Y
k = 0.00
k = 0.75
ß = 0.40 ß = 0.70ß = 0.10
ß = 1.00
d = 0.40 - Teq = 0.20 sec
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
HPBA [g]
FR
AG
ILIT
Y
k = 0.00
k = 0.75
ß = 0.40
ß = 0.70
ß = 0.10
ß = 1.00
Logic-tree diagram for a medical gas supply equipment(Yao, 1999)
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Redundant GasSupply
Normal Gassupply
O2 NO
Central SystemIndividualCylinder
Cylinders Supply Line
Medical Gas
Liquid OxygenTank
By-pass valve Supply line Evaporator
N2
(in cylinders)
Sample fragility of a water tank/pipeline nonstructural system(Grigoriu and Kafali, 2003)
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
seismic ground acceleration
water tank
pipeline
100200
300400
5004
5
6
7
8
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
distance
Fragility of the water tank
moment magnitude
Fragility tests of suspended ceiling systems
and sample fragility data (Badillo et al, 2002)
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5P GA(g)
Minor (1%fell)
Moderate(10% fell)
Major(33% fell)
Gridfailure
Protection Strategies
Improved Structural Performance
Improved Nonstructural Performance
• Better Engineered Conventional Anchors
• Newer Technologies
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Improved Structural Performance
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Reduction in direct economic loss through improved
building performance of non-residential buildings(adapted from Kircher, 2003)
Economic Loss (in millions)
Nonstructural System
As
Constructed
With Damping System
%
Benefit
With Isolation System
%
Benefit Drift-related $1,086 $ 407 63 $ 303 72 Acceleration-related 1,952 1,013 48 777 60 Contents/Inventory 2,162 1,124 48 862 60
Total $5,200 $2,544 51 $1,942 63
Improved Nonstructural Performance
Better Engineered Conventional Anchors
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Improved Nonstructural Performance
Better Engineered Conventional Anchors (continued)
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Comparison of expected earthquake loss before and after nonstructural
strengthening (Gould and Griffin, 2003)
Improved Nonstructural Performance
Better Engineered Conventional Anchors (continued)
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Tapered metallic yieldingdevice for brittle nonstructuralcomponents (Goodno, 2001)
TMD for elevator(Rildova and Singh, 2003)
Improved Nonstructural Performance
Newer Technologies
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Wire rope isolator pipe restraint (Loziuk et al, 2003)
Improved Nonstructural Performance
Newer Technologies (continued)
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Semi-active device (Rana and Soong, 1998)
Improved Nonstructural Performance
Newer Technologies (continued)
International Collaboration
(ATC-58, Draft Work Plan, 2004-08)
Task 1: Develop a Catalog of Nonstructural Components,
Systems and Contents
Task 2: Identify Nonstructural Performance Measures
Task 3: Identify Engineering Demand Parameters
Task 4: Develop Damage Database
Task 5: Establish Comprehensive Testing and Certification
Protocols
Task 6: Performance Evaluation Case Studies/Testbed Checks
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Investments in Building Construction (Miranda)
18.0%
62.0%
20.0%
13.0%
70.0%
17.0%
8.0%
48.0%
44.0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Office Hotel Hospital
Contents
Nonstructural
Structural
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Acknowledgements
Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake
Engineering Research, Buffalo, NY, USA
U.S. National Science Foundation
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003