seismic compliance of electrical distribution

Seismic Compliance ofElectrical Distribution & Control2006 IBC & ASCE/SEI 7-05

Philip J. Caldwell North American Engineering

Square D/Schneider Electric North American Operating Division

Building a New Electric World

2Philip CaldwellSeismic Requirements for Electrical Equipment

Bay Area IEEE Seminar – March 5, 2008

2007 CBC

Seismic Shift



ASCE 7-05 by Reference in 2006 IBC

2007 CBC – New Basis of Seismic Design



Drivers of Shift

Role of Site Effects



Paradigm Shift Causes - Site Effects

1985 - Mexico City• Site Effects – Double Resonance

• No damage for large parts of city

• Damage to buildings 5 stories or more than 30 was slight

• Buildings in 5 to 20 story range were extensively damaged -“double resonance”

Collapsed HospitalPhoto by: Mehmet Celebi, USGS Menlo Park



Paradigm Shift Causes - Site Effects Mexico City

Kramer, S.L. (1996). Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey



Paradigm Shift Causes - Site Effects Mexico CityNote 2 Sec Resonant Period





Telecommunications Building

Kramer, S.L. (1996). Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Photo by: Mehmet Celebi, USGS Menlo Park



Paradigm Shift Causes - Site Effects Loma Prieta




Paradigm Shift - 1994 NEHRP New Site Classes




Paradigm Shift - Site Effects Lessons Learned




Paradigm Shift - Short Period Sec Site Effect

Soil nonlinearly reduces Fa coefficient at intense levels of shaking




Paradigm Shift Causes - Soil Amplification




1994 NEHRP – New Site Specific Basis for Codes

Design Basis Demand of Response Spectra Easily Adjusted for Site Class

Fa , Fv Two Factor Approach• Fa - Short Period (0.2 sec) Coefficient Adjustment• Fv - Long Period (1.0 sec) Coefficient Adjustment




Test protocol compatible with building code basis

Solution for Building Code Qualification Testing

Sa = SD1 / T

T0 Ts 1.0

SD1

SDS

Period T Simple response spectrum,For use in seismic codes.

SOURCE: NEHRP, 1997



Time history that envelopes a wide range of earthquakes


Random Motion30 SecondsThree Axis

Strong Motion Time History’s - Northridge Shaker Table Test MotionTrinet Wyle Labs



2006 IBC

ASCE 7-05

Seismic Overview



Prescriptive Code Driven Seismic PerformanceOccupancy Category – Post Event Limit State Expectation

Category IVCategory I

Limit State – Collapse Prevention Limit State – ContainmentPhotos by: Philip J Caldwell



Prescriptive Code Driven Seismic PerformanceOccupancy Category – Post Event Limit State Expectation

Category IVCategory III

Limit State – Life Safe Limit State – OperationalPhotos by: Philip J Caldwell



Prescriptive Code Driven Seismic PerformanceOccupancy Category – Post Event Limit State Expectation• Contents can change occupancy category

Category IVCategory II

Limit State – Collapse Prevention Limit State – OperationalPhotos by: Philip J Caldwell



Prescriptive Code Driven Seismic PerformanceCode Plus ?

Photo by: Philip J Caldwell



Prescriptive Code Driven Seismic PerformanceSite Specific Seismicity

Increasing Seismicity

Seismic Design Category

A B C D E F

FEMA 450-1



Site Specific Seismicity

TABLE 11.6-2 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY BASED ON 1-S PERIOD RESPONSE ACCELERATION PARAMETER

Occupancy Category Value of SD1 I or II III IV

SD1 ≤ 0.067 A A A 0.067 ≤ SD1 < 0.133 B B C 0.133 ≤ SD1 < 0.20 C C D 0.20 ≤ SD1 D D D SD1 ≥ 0.75 E E F

Increasing Seismicity

Seismicity x Occupancy Category = Seismic Design Category

Prescriptive Code Driven Seismic Performance

FEMA 450-1



2006 IBC

ASCE 7-05

Equipment Qualification

Options



ASCE 7-05 Chapter 13 for Electrical & Mechanical

2007 CBC – New Basis of Seismic Design

ASCE/SEI 7-05



2006 IBC / ASCE 7-05 Compliance Requirements

Equipment Seismic Qualification

ASCE/SEI 7-05Illustration by Square D





Illustration by: Square D Company ASCE/SEI 7-05





Photo by: Philip Caldwell ASCE/SEI 7-05





Photo by: EQE / ABS Consulting ASCE/SEI 7-05



Analysis

Code Allowed Equipment Qualification Methods



Analysis




Analysis


Illustration by Schneider Electric



Analysis validated through testing


Post Shake Table Test (Multiple)

Photo by: Philip CaldwellIllustration by Schneider Electric



Qualification by Shake Table Test



< 2000 – No standard, ad-hoc testing protocol by labs

Solution Building Code Qualification Testing

p

p

p

DSpp W

hz

IR

SaF ⎟

⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ +

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛= 21

40.

Code basis is staticlateral push over force

Transform

Code IntentMissing Shake table test

dynamic demand

UUT’s

VerticalBase Input

Front-to-BackBase Input

Side-to-SideBase Input

ShakeTable

UUT ResponseAccelerometers

Shake TableControl

Accelerometer

Illustration by Schneider Electric



Protocol by national body of subject matter experts• Academia• Practice• Industry• Test facilities




( )( )⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ +

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛=

hz

IR

aSA

p

p

pDS 2140. ( ) ( )

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛=

r

x

p

p

pa

hh

IR

aCA 31

Transform lateral force into dynamic test parameters:

p

p

p

DSpp W

hz

IR

SaF ⎟

⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ +

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛= 21

40.p

r

x

p

papp W

hh

RICa

F ⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+= 31

NEHRP Equation UBC/CBC Equation

Building HeightFactor

SeismicFactor

Response ModificationFactor

Component AmplificationFactor

RRS Formulation – Lateral Force Construct

IBC Lateral Force 1997 UBC Lateral Force



Protocol accounts for above grade installation• Independent of building/structure type

RRS Formulation – Building Height

USGS - Northridge Report

1994 Northridge Earthquake - Instrumented Building LA County Olive View-UCLA Medical Center

Sylmar, California



Transform lateral force into dynamic test parameters:

p

p

p

DSpp W

hz

IR

SaF ⎟

⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ +

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛= 21

40.p

r

x

p

papp W

hh

RICa

F ⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+= 31

NEHRP Equation UBC/CBC Equation

( )( )⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ +

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛=

hz

IR

aSA

p

p

pDS 2140 . ( ) ( )

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛=

r

x

p

p

pa

hh

IR

aCA 311 1

1 or 2.5 1 or 2.5

⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ +=

hzSA DSFLX 21

⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ +=

hzSA DSRIG 2140.

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+=

r

xaFLX h

hCA 3152.

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+=

r

xaRIG h

hCA 31

DSFLXMAX SA 61.= aFLXMAX CA 4=

aRIGMAX CA 3=

RRS Formulation

NEHRP Equation UBC/CBC EquationIBC Lateral Force 1997 UBC Lateral Force



Classical “broad banded”spectral envelope

StrongPortion

ZPAPortion

TableLimited

ARIG

AFLX

RRS Formulation



Classical “broad banded”spectral envelope

ARIG

AFLX

fFLX f0 fRIG

RRS Formulation



Frequency variables related to NEHRP general design earthquake response spectrum curve

100

52011

D

DS

S SS

TTf ===

.

Ratio of SD1 / SDS on Site Class D ≈ 0.6

Hz..

3860

50 ==f

RRS Formulation

FEMA 450-1




( )( ) Hz...

31250160

1=

+=FLXf

Ratio of SD1 / SDS on Site Class D ≈ 0.6

⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ +

=⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ +

=

hzS

S

hzT

fD

DS

S

FLX

25012501

1

1 ..

RRS Formulation

FEMA 450-1



Hz.. 3337162 =×=RIGf


Rigid components defined as:fn > 16.7 Hz

Wanted fRIG an octave > 16.7 Hz

RRS Formulation

FEMA 450-1



Code Intent Specified as Dynamic Test

AFLX

ARIG

fFLX f0 fRIG

AC156 RRS

ICC ES AC156



Building code based needs• Consistent and conservative dynamic test


Conservative time historyrandom broadband

Response spectra envelopes sitebased on NEHRP

30 seconds

Wyle Labs ICC ES AC156



Account for post event pass/fail criteria• Ip = 1.0 Structure and anchorage intact


Anchorage Intact

Acceptable Ductile

Behavior of Base Channel

Base Channel to Structure Connection

Intact

Structure Frame Intact

Photo by: Philip Caldwell



Account for post event pass/fail criteria• Ip = 1.5 Post test functionality verified





ICC ES AC156 now referenced in ASCE/SEI 7-05


ASCE/SEI 7-05



Widely used by industry and academia





Examples of Site Specific ComplianceBuilding code based test protocol needs• Based on site specific design parameters

http://earthquake.usgs.gov



Examples of Site Specific ComplianceNew Madrid Seismic Zone Example





Google Earth

N 36.58904

N 36.58904

New Madrid County Jail

636 Powell Avenue

New Madrid, MO 63869



Examples of Site Specific ComplianceNew Madrid Seismic Zone Example• N 36.58904 W 89.52864 ?????

http://earthquake.usgs.gov

260˚

260˚

270˚

270˚

280˚

280˚

290˚

290˚

30˚ 30˚

40˚ 40˚

50˚ 50˚

4

4

8

8

8

8

8

12

12

12

12

12

12

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

20

20

20

2020

20

20

20

40

40

40

40

40

40

120

160

048

12162024283236406080

100120160240320400600

0.2 sec Spectral Acceleration (%g) with 2% Probability of Exceedance in 50 Years(site: NEHRP B-C boundary)

U. S. Geological SurveyJune 1996



Examples of Site Specific ComplianceNew Madrid Seismic Zone Example• URL for USGS site specific design data

quake.usgs.gov/research/hazmahttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/hazmaps/design/




http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/hazmaps/design/

Site Location Lat / Lon





Ss





MS a sS F S= ×





23DS MS

aS S= ×




Schneider Electric Certificate Example





DSS




Schneider Electric Example

DSS



Examples of Site Specific CompliancePort Cape Girardeau Example




Examples of Site Specific CompliancePort Cape Girardeau Example• 19 North Water Street• 2003 IBC – Grade Level


DSS



Examples of Site Specific ComplianceSaint Louis Example – Old Courthouse




Examples of Site Specific ComplianceSaint Louis Example – Old Courthouse• 2003 IBC Grade Level Site Class D


DSS



Examples of Site Specific Compliance2003 IBC Grade Level Site Class D

SDS = 2.26 g’s

Street Atlas USA USGS 1996 NEHRP 0.2 sec Map




SDS = 1.24 g’s





SDS = 0.52 g’s





SDS = 2.26 g’s

SDS = 1.24 g’s

SDS = 0.52 g’s




Prescriptive Code Driven Seismic PerformanceSeismic Compliance Specification for Electrical Equipment

Standard Used for Qualification

Reference Building Code

for Qualification

Product Family Qualification Covers





Geographic Qualificationor

Site Specific

Bldg Height Limitations

Site Demand / Tested Capacity

Post Test Operational

Verified





Seismic Compliance Specification for Electrical Equipment

DSS





Google Earth




N 37.695627

W 121.936232

11950 Dublin Canyon RdPleasanton, CA 94588

Google Earth




Site Location Lat / Lon






Sshttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/hazmaps/design/





MS a sS F S= ×






23DS MS

aS S= ×





Certificate # 19191

Class 8839 Enclosed Drives

The Schneider Electric equipment referenced in this certificate has been qualified to the site-specific seismic requirements of the listed model building code and/or standard. Thiscertification is based on tri-axial shake table test results conducted in accordance with theAC156 test protocol3 (Acceptance Criteria for Seismic Qualification Testing of NonstructuralComponents):

International Building Code (IBC), 2006 ICC Edition

Product Platform: Class 8839 Enclosed DrivesProduct Description: S-Flex wall mount 1-20 hp

Site-Specific Location1: 11950 Dublin Canyon Road88549AC,notnasaelP

)02639.121-,36596.73(-gnoL/taLSUCode Requirement2: FP / WP = 2.11 G's, (SDS = 1.32)Equipment Capacity3: FP / WP = 4.51 G's, (SDS = 2.82)Importance Factor4: IP = 1.5Installation Restrictions5: None - Ground level or roof level installations permitted

Plot of Tested Equipment Capacity Vs. Code Acceleration Demand






p p

Site-Specific Location1: 11950 Dublin Canyon Road88549AC,notnasaelP

)02639.121-,36596.73(-gnoL/taLSUCode Requirement2: FP / WP = 2.11 G's, (SDS = 1.32)Equipment Capacity3: FP / WP = 4.51 G's, (SDS = 2.82)Importance Factor4: IP = 1.5Installation Restrictions5: None - Ground level or roof level installations permitted

DSS





Seismic Compliance Specification for Electrical EquipmentPlot of Tested Equipment Capacity Vs. Code Acceleration Demand

DSS




Cost of building contents exceeds building costSQUG – Lack of or improper anchorage cause of failure

Drivers of Change - Earthquake Lessons Learned

Photo by: EQE / ABS Consulting



Cost of building contents exceeds building costSQUG – Lack of or improper anchorage cause of failure


Photo by: EQE / ABS Consulting



Follow manufacturers anchorage instruction


Illustration by Square D



Seismic restraint design is a challenging structural issue


Photo by: Mason Industries



Cost of mitigation can pay back 4 to 1


Illustration from: FEMA 413



FEMA / ASCE / VISCMA Sponsored Installers Guides


FEMA 412 FEMA 413 FEMA 414



Mitigation is ongoing for life of facility





Questions?



Thank You !!