seismic acquisition and processing systems - applications ... · seismic acquisition and processing...
TRANSCRIPT
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Charlotte Krawczyk( [email protected] )
Seismic acquisition and processing systems- applications from applied geophysics -
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
• high resolution
and accuracy
• variable depth
penetration
• application
to many
objects
structural
imageof the
temporal evolution
in the
subsurface
Advantages of the
reflection
seismic
method
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
☺
• basic
research
(structure
and physical properties
of the
Earth)
• exploration
and exploitation
of resources (hydrocarbons, water, geothermal
energy)
• subsurface
studies
for
engineering (tunnels, foundations)
• risk
analysis
of waste
deposit
locations (waste
bodies, groundwater
flow)
• mapping
of natural
desasters (landslide
processes, sinkholes)
• ……
Applications
of reflection
seismics
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011) (Krawczyk et al., 2008a)
Typical
seismic
wavelengths
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Exploration plus shallow
seismics
(Musmann et al., 2010)
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Outline
Introduction
• Acquisition
• Processing
• Interpretation
• Modelling
Summary
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Hammer Mikrovibrator
Mini-Vibrator Vibrator
explosives
Mikro-Vibrator
Accelerated
weight
drop
Seismic
sources
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Mini-Vibrators
x=200 m; z=100 m
S-waves
x=600 m; z=2500 m
Lower
Cretaceous
Dogger
Lias
Keuper
Buntsand-
stein
P-waves
(developed by LIAG)
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Mikro-Vibrator ELVIS (ELectrodynamic
VIbrator
System)
(developed and patented by LIAG)
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
P-wave geophone
3-component geophone
Seismic
receivers
-
single
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
1. Frastadt, Sweden2. Container harbour Trondheim3. Frastadt, Sweden4. Factory building
Seismic
receivers
-
streamer
1
3
(developed by LIAG)
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
recording truck in exploration survey
recording system in shallow seismic survey
Recording
systems
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Development
potential for
acquisition
systems
• monitor stability of dynamic behaviour of oscillating systems
• introduce more feedback mechanisms (optimize source efficiency, avoid resonance)
• completely wireless communication, incl. ‚soft processing‘ (clouds ?)
• high sampling interval for shallow acquisition targets (< 1 ms)
• fast recording
• multi-component mathematics
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Outline
Introduction
• Acquisition
• Processing
• Interpretation
• Modelling
Summary
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
There
are
many options
and
possibilities, but…..
…..only
individually designed
flows
are
successful
!
Processing
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Geometric
stacking
enhances
the
signal
quality
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
f-K filtering
of raw
data
suppresses
noise
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Processing
result
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Migration yields
true
reflector
geometry
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
pre-stackdepth
migration
post-stacktime migration
(Krawczyk et al., 2002)
Imaging
different dips
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
3-D psd-migrationprestack migrationdepth migration
Geology/Task Requirement
Migration strategies
monitoring of changes time-lapse algorithms
3-D behaviour of fault planes and and salt flanksconflicting dipsdipping events
3-D structurescomplex non-hyperbolic moveoutstrong lateral velocity variations
3-D pst-migration
prestack migrationtime migration
t i m e and m
o n e y
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011) (ICG Norway, unpubl.)
Investigate structure and soil stiffness
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
• Hydraulic
S-wave
vibrator, 30 kN peak
force, 25-100 Hz, 10 s sweep.• 120-channel land streamer, 1 m SH-geophone
interval.
• Geode
(Geometrics) recorder.
sponsored by
Seismic
survey: structure
+ physical
properties
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Distance [m]100 200 300 400 5000
100
Depth [m]
200
0NW SE
FXstack
(Polom et al., 2010)
SH-wave reflection seismic section
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Distance [m]100 200 300 400 5000
100
Depth [m]
200
0NW SE
Vint
SH [m/sec]50 300 600
SH-wave velocity structure
(Polom et al., 2010)
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Distance [m]100 200 300 400 5000
100
Depth [m]
200
0NW SE
FDmig70°
(Polom et al., 2010)
SH-wave reflection seismic depth section
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
N
proposed
location
of welldown to bedrock
for
calibration
marine sedimentation Ibedrock
marine sedimentation IIglazio-fluviatileland reclamation fill
(Hansen et al., 2009)
Interpretation of sediments and fill masses
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Distance [m]100 200 300 400 5000
100
Depth [m]
200
0NW SE
G0
[MPa]20 200 350
(Polom et al., 2010)
Geotechnical parameter: dynamic shear modulus
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Development
potential in data
processing
• determination of physical properties
• derivation of geotechnical data and nominal sizes (e.g. DIN)
• intelligent correlations and statistics
• data weighting by quality parameters
Shak
eris
k
(Arsyad
et al., 2007)
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Outline
Introduction
• Acquisition
• Processing
• Interpretation
• Modelling
Summary
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Geological
structure
-
domino
faulting
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
pre-stackdepthmigration
post-stacktimemigration
(Krawczyk & Reston, 1995)
Seismic
structure
-
detachment
tectonics
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Seismic
interpretation
is
pattern
recognition
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
S N
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
depth[km]
- 0
Jurassic-Cretaceousunconformity
1 kmAller
LineamentPompeckj
BlockLower
Saxony
Basin
(Lohr et al., 2007)
Seismic
interpretation
of a fault system
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)(Hinsch et al., 2001)
N SFault type
?
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Normal fault
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
1 km
2 km
3 km
N S
Any idea here ?
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
3-D: Horizontal slices
show
fault extent
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
A seismic
attribute
is:
any measure of seismic data that helps better visualize or quantify features of interest,
a specific measure of geometric, kinematic, dynamic or statistical
features in seismic data.
These have a physical as well as a statistical basis !
Seismic
attribute
analysis
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
horizon map regular coherency new coherency
Advanced
coherency
processing
(Endres et al., 2008)
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011) (von Hartmann et al., subm.)
Spectral
decomposition
of a seismic
volume
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011) (von Hartmann et al., subm.)
Amplitudes
in the
35 Hz cube
vary
with
depth
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Amplitude image vs
variance
cube
(Beilecke et al., unpubl.)
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
top
of volume beforeretro-deformation
base
of volume beforeretro-deformation
strain: translation of surface-triangles (2D) or tetrahedrons (3D)restoration: inclined shear algorithm (3DMove)
fault surface
retro-deformed volume
0%
5%
e1 magnitude
(Tanner et al., 2003)
Strain
prediction
by
3-D retro-deformation
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Requirements
for
data
interpretation
and modelling
N
• visualization tools
• meshing and parallel computing
• interpolation and gridding methods
• 3-D algorithms with laterally and vertically variable properties
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
2000s
from 3-D to 4-D (p-waves and time)
from 4-D to 4-C (p-waves and s-waves)
Summary -
Milestones in seismic progression
1980s
from 2-D to 3-D
1990s
from time to depth
2010+
from isotropy to anisotropy
from physical to geotechnical property
from structure to deformation prediction
1960s
from analog
to digital
1970s
from calculators to computers
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Thank
you
for
your
attention
!
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Structural
analysis
& deformation
modelling
Seismic
sources
& acquisition
techniques Gravimetry
& Magnetics
Geohazards
Section
Seismics ~ Gravimetry ~ Magnetics at LIAG
Contact: [email protected]
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C. Krawczyk (Infocomp2011)
Selected
referencesKrawczyk, C.M., Polom, U., Trabs, S., Dahm, D., 2011. Sinkholes in the city of Hamburg – New urban shear-wave reflection
seismic system enables high-resolution imaging of subrosion structures. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 65 (in press), 1-11; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.02.003. ISSN: 0926-9851
Polom, U., Hansen, L., Sauvin, G., L’Heureux, J.-S., Lecomte, I., Krawczyk, C.M., Vanneste, M. & Longva, O., 2010. High resolution SH-wave seismic reflection for characterization of onshore ground conditions in the Trondheim harbor, central Norway. Advances in Near-Surface Seismology and Ground-Penetrating Radar, p. 297-312. ISBN 978-1-56080-224-2.
Buddensiek, M.-L., Krawczyk, C.M., Kukowski, K. & Oncken, O., 2009. Performance of piezo-crystal transducers with respect to amplitudes and waveform in laboratory seismic application. Geophysics, 74 (2), T33-T45.
Endres, H., Lohr, T., Trappe, H., Samiee, R., Thierer, P.O., Krawczyk, C.M., Tanner, D.C., Oncken, O., Kukla, P.A., 2008. Quantitative Fracture Prediction from Seismic Data. Petroleum Geoscience, 14 (4), 369-377, doi: 10.1144/1354-079308-751.
Lohr, T., Krawczyk, C.M., Tanner, D.C., Samiee, R., Endres, H., Thierer, P.O., Oncken, O., Trappe, H., Bachmann, R., Kukla, P.A., 2008. Prediction of sub-seismic faults and fractures - integration of 3D seismic data, 3D retrodeformation, and well data on an example of deformation around an inverted fault. AAPG Bulletin, 92 (4), 473-485, http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/11260707046.
Lohr, T., Krawczyk, C.M., Oncken, O. & Tanner, D.C., 2008. Evolution of a fault surface from 3D attribute analysis and displacement measurements. Journal of Structural Geology, 30 (6), 690-700, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2008.02.009.
Hinsch, R., Krawczyk, C.M., Gaedicke, C., Giraudo, R. & Demuro, D., 2002. Basement control on oblique thrust sheet evolution: Seismic imaging of the active deformation front of the Central Andes in Bolivia. Tectonophysics, 355 (1-4), 23-39.
von Hartmann, H., Buness, H., Krawczyk, C.M., Schulz, R., submitted. 3-D seismic analysis of a carbonate platform in the Molasse Basin - reef distribution and internal separation with seismic attributes. Tectonophysics.
Krawczyk, C.M. & Tanner, D.C., 2010. Subseismic Deformation Analysis - A prediction tool for a safe CO2-reservoir management. Second EAGE CO2 Geological Storage Workshop, Berlin, Germany. http://www.earthdoc.org/detail.php?pubid=38428
Krawczyk, C.M., Lohr, T., Tanner, D.C., Endres, H., Trappe, H., Oncken, O. & Kukla, P.A., 2007. A Workflow for Sub-/Seismic Structure and Deformation Quantification of 3-D Reflection Seismic Data Sets across Different Scales. DGMK-Bericht 2007-1, 5 pp., ISBN 978-3-936418-65-1.
Krawczyk, C.M., Tanner, D.C., Endres, H.,Samiee, R., Oncken, O., Trappe, H., Bachmann, R. & Kukla, P.A., 2007. 3D kinematic modelling – a workflow for identification of small-scale faults and fractures in 3D seismics. EAGE, Ext. Abstracts, stud07, ISBN 978-90-73781-54-2.