,seems.h.h~f - dtic · paul twitchell sdio overview col. a. boright, usaf, special assistant to the...

ARD-ft96 936 POLR NESOSPIERIC CLOUD EXPERINENT(U) COLORADO UNIV AT 1/1BOULDER LAS FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE PHYSICS

G E THOMAS 21 SEP 8? NOM 4-96-K-0533UNCLRSSIFIED F/O 4/2 ML

,SEEMS.h.h~f

IBM

11 1 M2 2fill - 4

, Wo

- . , ., , ~~hEI ,,,, ,,,, 22 Z .-- ,.,, ., .,.,,

AD-A188 936 nT. PA Ei CIFI I1%..** I. RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS

2b. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ DPO.I OELSIIAINOWfGSHOLE 3 or Publio rej."

4 PRFRMIG RGAIZTI Dbblzbuti- =4, AE R %4iN ORG T 0 o M"" (S) '.5 . NITORING ORGANIZATION REPO (S)

6& NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Sb. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION

Lab. for Atmos. & Space Phys. (Iappicab e Office of Naval Research (ONR)Univ. of Colo., Boulder, CO LASP Applied Research & Technology Directorate

6c. ADDRESS ICIty. S and ZIP Code) 7b. ADDRESS (C.ty. St oe and ZIP Codeg

Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics 800 North Quincy StreetCampus Box 392, University of Colorado Arlington, VA 22217-5000Boulder, CO 80309-0392

Be. NAME OF FUNOING/SPONSORING Sb. OFFICE SYMBOL 9. PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

Str ATM EAWVense Initiative Or!. ""P"°b'Innovative Science & Technology SDIO/IST Contract # N00014-86-K-0535Sc. ADDRESS 1C0ty. State and ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NOS.

Department of Defense PROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNIT

SDIO/IST ELEMENT NO. NO. NO. NO.

Washington, DC 2030111. TITLE linclude Security Caaficaln)

Polar Meso~heric Cloud Experiment12. PERSONAL AUTHORIS)

Gary E. Thomas, P.I.13s. TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVEREO 14. DATE OF REPORT (Y., Mo.. Day) 15. PAGE COUNr

Annual FROM 7/1I86 TO 7/1/. 9/21/87 2516. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION

17. COSATI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS lConlinue on reuere if neccuary and identify by block, number)

FIELD GROUP SUB. GR.

19. ABSTRACT lConlinue on r erse If neceary and identify by blac numberp

This project consists of the design and fabrication of a satellite-borne ultravioletatmospheric experiment. The components of the instrument will both image and makequantitative polarization measurements of the scattered light from polar mesosphericclouds (PMC) occurring in the, high-latitude summertime mesosphere at heights of 85 km. Itsscientific objectives are: 1) to determine the morphology, scattering and attenuationproperties, occurrence frequency statistics, and statistical distribution of spatialscales of PMC and other aerosol layers in the upper mesosphere; {2) to derive informationon the atmospheric wave activity in the summertime mesosphere over all horizontal spatialscales greater than about 2 kilometers; and f3) to determine the mean particle size of PMCparticles, to characterize its dependence on latitude, longitude, wave activity and PMCbrightness.

20. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

UNCLASSIFIEOIUNLIMITEO M SAME AS RPT. [03 DTIC USERS 022a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b. TELEPHONE NUMBER 22c. OFFICE SYMBOL

(Include Area Code#

DO FORM 1473, 83 APR EDITION OF 1 '.AN 73 IS OBSOLETE.

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE

87 (0 15 102%

ANNUAL REPORTPMC EXPERIMENT

This project was approved in mid-1986, and funded in September, 1986through September 30, 1988. The total value of the contract is $751,000, ofwhich $326,000 has been received (as of June, 1987). During the first phase ofthe contract, we conducted a study of the scientific requirements, rationaleand observational strategy for the various experiment modules. This hasresulted in a firm set of requirements for the three imaging experiments: (1)wide-angle (morphology) imaging experiment, (2) narrow-angle (waves) imagingexperiment, and (3) nadir-viewing (high-resolution) imaging experiment. Asummary of the functional requirements for each of the above is given inEnclosure 1.

The functional requirements for the fourth and fifth modules arecurrently being defined. These experiments are (4) microphysics (UVpolarization) experiment, and (5) mesopause temperature experiment.

Detailed engineering design efforts are now underway for experiments (1)- (3). To briefly summarize these designs to date: the UV imagers which viewthe limb [ (1) and (2)] have anamorphic lenses to obtain images stretched by afactor of 10:1 in the direction parallel to the horizon. This more closelymatches the inherent resolution of limb sounding in the horizontal plane, andalso maximizes the light input. They also contain image intensifiers andreticon image sensors ( 64 x 64 pixels). UV bandpass filters will limit thespectral resolution to the vicinity of 265 nm. The nadir imager has 2 UVtransmitting lens, and a one-dimensional reticon detector (1 x 100 pixels).

The three UV imagers will provide sequences of images from which a three-dimensional cloud scene can be generated. The entire polar cap area aroundeach summer pole can be mapped once per day, provided the experiment is flownon a low circular, polar orbiter. At the center of each low-resolution strip,a moderate-resolution image will magnify the scene. At the center of eachmoderate-resolution image will be a high-resolution image. This nesting willgive successive magnifications, or 'zoom' factors which provide a continously-varying resolution down to the smallest scales ( about 2 km). The variouscoverages and resolutions of each imager is described in Enclosure 1.

ACTIVITIES DURING THE YEAR (1986 - mid 1987)

(1) The University of Colorado played host to an S.D.I. Workshop on theMiddle Atmosphere on November 17-18, 1986. A copy of the agenda and a list ofparticipants is enclosed.

(2) The Principal Investigator, G. E. Thomas, attended a meeting held atRiverside Research Institute in Arlington, Va. The purpose of the meeting wasto brief various S.D.I. representatives on the research program on the naturalenvironment within the Innovative Science Program of S.D.I.

(3) In response to a possible opportunity for our experiment to becarried on board a French satellite in 1989, we performed an exercise in whichwe proposed to S.D.I. to fly a scaled-down experiment consisting of two UVimagers. We provided cost, weight, power, envelope and telemetry requirementsto the Program Director, Paul Twitchell, and to Col. Arthur Boright, both ofS.D.I.

ENCLOSURES

ENCLOSURE 1. Functional requirements for Morphology, Waves and Nadir ImagersENCLOSURE 2. Agenda for November 17-18, 1986 Workshop in Boulder, Colorado.ENCLOSURE 3. List of attendees at Boulder Workshop.ENCLOSURE 4. Copy of overhead transparencies presented at Boulder Workshop

Accesion ForNTIS CRAMiDrIC TABUnalmoua~ced

AvjiIabiY Codes

Ava'! I, wcor

P. p P *-~. . . . . . ' ~ * *~ ~Dist

ENCLOSURE 1.

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MORPHOLOGY, WAVES AND NADIR IMAGERS

NOTE: These are preliminary functional requirements and are subject to change.

September 21, 1987

TABLE IV-1

MORPHOLOGY

This section of the experiment creates low resolution images which will cover the entire pole giving an

overall picture. The purpose of the morphology experiment is to map the location and brightness of the

clouds over the entire pole. It will find the variation of clouds in time, location and altitude.

(1) ALTITUDE

(A) RESOLUTION 3.3 km sample

(B) COVERAGE 70 - 100 km ( 64 samples total, 8 selected and transmitted)

(C) CONTRAST 10:1 min

(2) WAVELENGTH

(A) RESOLUTION 20 nm

(B) COVERAGE 1 wavelength, 265 nm

(3) HORIZONTAL

(A) RESOLUTION 33 km sample

(B) COVERAGE 2000 km (450 FOV) in 64 samples (to big for lense)


(4) POLARIZATION not needed

(5) LIMBS Forward limb only.

(6) SAMPLE CYCLE TIME 12 sec (100 km) (integration time < 12 sec)

(7) SENSITIVITY NEEDED dim cloud 10 kR/A

bright cloud 1000 kR/A

(8) PRECISION NEEDED 10% (repeatability and noise for scattered light

greater than 10kR/A

(9) ACCURACY NEEDED 20% to map cloud brightnesses (absolute calibration)

(10) POINTING Knowledge: 2 km (0.06 degrees)

Real time: 100 Km (3 degrees)

(11) BIT RATE 0.34 kilobits/sec (8x64 8 bit words/12 sec)

C


September 21, 1987

(TABLE IV-2

WAVES ON THE LIMB

The waves or dynamics section of the experiment makes higher resolution images (a zoom factor of 8

from the Morphology experiment) of the PMC's to examine and understand the atmospheric waves that are

often seen in ground observations.

(1) ALTITUDE

(A) RESOLUTION 0.4 km sample

(B) COVERAGE 80-88 km (64 samples total, select and transmit 20)


(2) WAVELENGTH



(3) HORIZONTAL

(A) RESOLUTION 4 km sample

(B) COVERAGE 250 km (5.6 degrees) in 64 samples



(5) LIMBS Forward limb only; centered on Morphology exp.

(6) SAMPLE CYCLE TIME 1 sec (7 km)

(7) SENSITIVITY NEEDED dim cloud 10 kR/A

bright cloud 1000 kR/A


greater than 10kr/A

(9) ACCURACY NEEDED 20% to map cloud brightnesses (absolute calibration)


Real time: 10 km (0.30 degrees, this may require our own pointing)

(11) BIT RATE 10.3 kilobits/sec (20x64 8 bit words/sec)

3


September 21, 1987

i"

TABLE IV-3

WAVES IN THE NADIR

The nadir experiment will collect high resolution images along a 64 km swath at the sub-satellite point.

This experiment is particularly valuable during twlight conditions when the shadow height exceeds 70 km

above the earth's surface.

(1) WAVELENGTH



(2) HORIZONTAL

(A) RESOLUTION 2 km (lx1 km samples)

(B) COVERAGE 64 km in 64 samples



(4) SAMPLE CYCLE TIME 0.14 sec (1 km along the orbit track)

(5) SENSITIVITY NEEDED dim cloud 0.1 kR/A

(bright cloud 10 kR/A

Rayleigh background 2-7 kR/A


greater than 1 kR/A

(7) ACCURACY NEEDED none

(8) POINTING 2 km (0.2 degrees)


Real time: 30 km (3 degrees)

(9) BIT RATE 7.68 kilobits/sec (64 12 bit words/0.1 sec)

we want to know that a 1% change in the observed radiance is real

4

, • - , - -_ . .% . ., ' ." .. /.

ENCLOSURE 2.

AGENDA FOR NOVEMBER 17-18, 1986 WORKSHOP IN BOULDER, COLORADO

AGENDA

MIDDLE ATMOSPHERIC WORKSHOP17-18 NOVEMBER 1986

UNIVERSITY OF COLORADOLABORATORY FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE PHYSICS (LASP)

55th STREET FACILITYBOULDER, COLORADO

PLENARY SESSION

0830 WelcomeGary Thomas

IntroductionPaul Twitchell

SDIO OverviewCol. A. Boright, USAF, Special Assistant to the Deputy forPrograms and Systems

Middle Atmosphere DynamicsCambridge University, P.H. Haynes

BREAKSensors and Electro-optical PhenomenologySDIO Sensors Office, B. Katz

Density Variability in Middle AtmosphereNASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, D. Johnson, S. Smith

Navy Middle Atmosphere ProgramNRL, D. Anderson and R. Conway

Stellar Horizon Atmospheric DispersionsONR Boston, F. Quelle

1130 LUNCH

DYNAMICS

1300 Breaking Internal Gravity WavesGould Defense Systems, Newport, RI, J.B. Grant

Processes Responsible for Variability of Stratosphere andMesosphere

Florida State University, R.L. Pfeffer and A.I. BarcilonGravity Wave Variability, Saturation, and Turbulence Generationin the Mesosphere and Lower ThermosphereUniversity of Alaska, D.C. Fritts

BREAKUltrafast Algorithms for Cloud Data AnalysisMETSAT Inc., Fort Collins, CO, T.H. Vonder Haar andT.A. Brubaker

Cloud Cover over North AmericaUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, V. Suomi, D.P. Wylie andE.W. Eloranta

Cubic Ice in AtmosphereDesert Research Institute, Reno, NV, W.G. Finnegan andR.L. Pitter

Microphysical Studies of Noctilucent CloudsState University of New York, B. Vonnegut and A.F. Roddy

1600 Working Groups and Charter defined, participants identified andspokesman selected

1630-1730 Tour of Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) Operations Facility

%.N.A.% bog**

AGENDA Page 2(Continued)

OBSERVATIONAL TOOLS

0830 Properties, Constituents and Clouds of Middle AtmosphereUniversity of Wyoming, T.J. Pepin

Compact Lidar SystemsUniversity of Maryland, T.D. Wilkerson

Polar Mesosphere Clouds StructureUtah State University, J.C. Ulwick

Polar Mesosphere UV ImagingUniversity of Colorado-Boulder, G. Thomas

BREAKWorking Groups Convene*

DynamicsCloud PhysicsObservational

Working Group Spokesman ReportStructured Workshop adjournsWorking space will be available for follow-on discussions byparticipants

1400 SDIO/IST Natural Environment "White Paper" Evaluation CommitteeMeeting

*While working groups convene, Government Managers will briefly meet

? . I v

ENCLOSURE 3.

LIST OF ATTENDEES AT BOULDER WORKSHOP

C14J C) m C)e~j C C\. C)W) L Cl) m~* ko m

00 x) fn M-. .-lr-

LA cc. LW -. rCD4 20 C'. m c'..j ko

('.4 M) (Ja, (J=a 0 0 0 C C-

* ~ ~ l 1 0I ~' ~--

(#-4

< 0)0 C. CC CC C" C)or-. Cl '.0 C- aj c C

C3 r I Eni I 0) W C)C3 C) (-4 LA C) 0 >1, 4..1 toJE ID4_ DC) -rC C I us0 3-In Q ) cu a- C

u a0 C)0 - 4A o toE r-U (A to a) 00LLJ (1 aC'" C) 0 0.C) 4-) -C) >1 '4- CNjLA- (01 0C) (U n ) (AC S.-r- .CN Vn~ ) cO- to CIC LU 0-4 - -) C-) LA-(-,) 0 () 0D c > U-

M 0C30 m 0m <~ L) 44- LA SC) -4-u 0)- C 00.->- - = (A fL ' En CA (A . 4-) 0 EdU LA 0 (-zz 0 4-) rL

cc- CC3 . a0)C c 4A CA a) a )~ m C: cc.- <4 cu r_ C 3- C 0) ) X:>)~ :M a EUC) to>,. .U $.- 0o)# >- ( 0 0'- 0 -- 4-J 0) U 4-3 tA 4- LfCOLd c

=- C ~ CD D -41).4 0) 0) t4--.. = >. -*--e W) >., L 0~LJ -J4 : 4-3 m~ 0 < via~') 0 (A _ 0n (A C CC' ) S- 4-b4-)<~ o--- toU a - *C-) C _ c S-0 .4. >S- r 0S CL )oCL -j > .- <Ei VI LJ -Z ()1/ CA .s- C ).O -0 CL) 0-@- 4>- LL-C 0 ) .-W _C c 4J >' 4) 0 93L> - - o UC-)~ CD < <c CA I-LAS - C)~ (A '(AnAu C .- V (A r- 0---- :3 C CU3-0'I' -: LM r_~CI to U.10 C U to 0m 0 0 )E 0)c0o ) 0) C t 00L)C G) --

C:- =c C- Ul LL- m~ -/~j C M c LD L- CD 0CC X

Ex CL

4-1. E "0 cw- 0S -C C L.J D > C_0 to E

ix C 0

* -- )0) 0 -J Ea

to EU a) 4J EU04-)Li)- o0 E S.- C_ .41 c

0 $1 : - -10o U.o U3- UA- .

C14 C~J U)) U-. 0%

cr- h %DqT c CD r-

coI Ir- I Ig I IICo rz cn OU o) EDj

cn Le) _n .-

cz& co C)1 CD C-4 CDJ I- C),

OZ = IED C14l m _~ _ _

LiU

0

LUO 1= 4)-4 C14 63 -4

4j 9 - I 1- .-4 LO

00 r.) en .C- (n1 0 ~4- cn.

0.O _j 00% $.- r.) CD 0 &. 0%0

X 0 qZ m U- rd 0 0en

uA. x' :m O) r 40 C D 4 4 - z C7to0 LUJ Zn L) El cc 0 c.

CD ujL&.. r'.. m EO> to 0iL

9=> 0- (1 C13J V) Z 0 -0 -41 0 IO L). C 0 * o CA r-

1-q Cc. LL. > )06 S- 1= ~ LA-. 63cLU) 4- < 4.4-J ) W L 4J 0 < -o "D Q

4=~ <W - V) 0) W') U- 9Di0- 0D C 4-' cm' La. 63 c .4-3Zuj " =0 4 e'- 00 4 V) -4 a) '-400 CP0E I M o0'

CC '; -4'0-4 -0 S01' 0 CD%0 .0 ca 7)c - -1J .JC Ctor0..'-4 = -i Ju4- r3 4n1- f" %% u C occ' -. ). 0-4 6 4J

W 41> M J RT( '.Ef 0) 46 )6 ..- ). .i CA . U I (A =.

ccx C0t (L)r C C = cn c 0 dC0 01S- V) 60)t L-g 0 M.O %1- t

4-J

*0 ) W )- aC3 4- in

a) 06)*0 6

x- LL.

4-' 4) d) 0 *0 6) 4-LUJ c c -W CA N 0

CD bz x

00 0l %cm to 0 0)

co0 040 .4 040 0 04

CA 1= (V L-() V

LuJ

LUJ

0 0 0

LiJO4 0 0-A- C14J 4-) - ~ CJ

C341 0 ON - 0 3N O00 0D C-) m~ 4-a en(V L

IO 0 .C6, 1. Ii. I c 4.. 1 4- 1u0 -4 c 4- 1 0 (V" 0 0' - 0 7% 0 0YILU .w P.- 0-4 L.40 4.' 0D CD 0 0LL. wl ' 0 I" a m >1 cn en>, m >, rI=0 41 OD u\ C) laO %CJ 0- 0o Ch.00 &- C4 (: - a'co 4C% 004D (A to 0 a CD~ .0 >1 'OA en cC%Q av0n 4 n wOe

VI> 4. wn >a 0 .a >~ 0 >

5-I 00N - 4-)( O x ()% o U S- 1-C 0) 410O 5.o 0l 1..4Dm L 0 qT0 _ o o " 0 =) > 0

ZLU> P f ou)Z U - E 0 C M- a 0 C 5-. C

0. to(V 5 ) C 0) 0 q0 C) C~V 0- 0 0 w lI CD m0 a)0a i=C Z. 0 a)oI 4c a) ma 4; uu co enwm

a) 0) >S- L. > 0

*~a CD a

L! 4.b -

a) a)z

Uj 4-1 'a ua %

-4 0)41 r4G

co LC ) .- 4 (Nj zCV'-4 OP C'~j

le La =CDc1= 0 Cl 0D V0-4 C0 00E M = c'j 'ai iOn

Laa)

0 c.co.LIJO(Ni 0 Gcu

I 1-0*V(N GJi

0 Ufl. C)L .0~Zmat t 0 O .0- 0_ >C' r-

1= C) CD. a)C% I , ed . r" c'. z r-z- LU IL.) 4)- C4~-4 W) r_u~ 0.-. 4m CN4 r_- CDC 0%

I.m> 0*I>.0 0* - 0-W 0C3 M.4 =)0 < iu W s- c - >E~

44.. ea- 41i X:~ r_4. .f >- go0 a)> 34c~ C.D X 0 0 0 cc 4.J"-~L&J '.4 = m m 4-' .4.1) 0 CAe U in 0) V inc:2C4 0Jm $- SS- -0 0 >4 S- a' $- 00. r_ to f ICD0 ~L-1 u r_ o) ( aj a)UC

cmin 3: '4- () L)-m ev > U >InCA 4&Oa C% -Ln c .0 go- p-1=00 '4- S- 4J (n 0) LpJ -4 4-1 W)e CO r- O.c toC) V) 0- ca..J X.: U).4 ZU L. LO c ) Ge) Z

CLi

S IA0 1.-

I-J a- 0

E 1.- coag7) to a 0

0 .4-b 0 C3ai ) CAm

.5- 0 0) 0) W) 0)LA ' 4-) r_ .

0 3 >0 .

ENCLOSURE 4.

COPY OF OVERHEAD TRANSPARENCIES PRESENTED AT BOULDER WORKSHOP

AU

.o POLAR MESOSPHERIC CLOUD EXPERIMENT

1. Introduction

" Noctilucent clouds

" Solar Mesosphere Explorer

2. Scientific Objectives

3. Instrument Descriptions

" Morphology Experiment

" Waves Experiment

" High-resolution (Nadir) Experiment

" Microphysics Experiment

4. Spacecraft and Mission Requirements

* Orbit

* Imaging Product

* SUMMARY OF CLOUD PROPERTIES

1. Spatial and temporal properties

" latitudes above 60 deg.

" occur in both N and S hemispheres

" season begins one month before solstice

* season ends two months after solstice

" maximum activity 15-20 daysafter solstice

" height - 85.0 1.5 km (north)

* - 83.5 1.5 km (south)

* vertical thickness - 1 to 5 km

* horizontal scales -1 to 1000 km


2. Optical and physical properties

" generally accepted to be mostly ice

" particle radius r < 7Onm

" average concentration ne100 cm - 3

* water vapor content of ice- ;100 ugm-cm - 3

" size distribution - narrow dispersion

l Vrw ~ .%9"%


3. Controlling or forcing factors

* temperature < 140K

* water vapor concentration

* vertical air motion

" turbulence

" weather fronts - perhaps

" sudden mesospheric coolings -perhaps

* no influence from geomagnetic storms,

auroras, or solar activity

QUESTIONS REGARDING PMC AND NLC

1. What are the underlying causes ?

2. What is the origin of wave structure?

3. What is the particle composition ?

4. How do the optical properties relate !

to the physical properties?

5. What is the cause of the spatialand temporal variability ?

6. What is the nucleation mechanism '

7. Is PMC activity directly related to IGW?

8. How do PMC particles affect the ionizationproperties of the D-region ?

V b

SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES

1. Morphology Experiment

To determine the morphology, occurrence frequency,

and the distribution of large spatial scales of PMC, and

other aerosol layers in the upper mesosphere

2. Waves Experiment

To determine the statistical wave properties down

to spatial scales of 10 km (horizontal) and 1 km (vertical)

3. Microphysics Experiment

To determine the mean particle size, and to

characterize its dependence on latitude, longitude,

wave activity and PMC brightness

4. High Resolution (Nadir) Experiment)

To determine the statistical wave properties to

horizontal scales (lxl kin) for brightest PMC

1. MORPHOLOGY EXPERIMENT

" a low-resolution, wide FOV imager

" FOV-)30 km(cross-track),50 km(vertical)

* Resolution - 40km x 3km in image plane

" In-track resolution - 40 km(due to LOS smearing)

" Number of array elements - 32x16

" Wavelength - 265nm

" geographic coverage - 100% above 60'N

* ' U

T~

2. WAVES EXPERIMENT

" a medium-resolution imager

" FOV - 320km(cross-track), 16km(vertical)

" Resolution - 10km x 1km in image plane

" In-track resolution - 40km(due to limb smearing)

" Number of array elements - 32 x 16

* Wavelength - 265nm

" geographic coverage - 25% at 60'N

- 100% above 82.8 0N

3. HIGH-RESOLUTION NADIR EXPERIMENT

" Narrow FOV imager

" FOV - 80km(cross-track)

" Resolution - 2.5km(cross-track), 2.5 km(in-track)

" Number of array elements - 32 x 1

" Wavelength - 265nm

4. PMC MICROPHYSICS EXPERIMENT

" A limb-scanning two-color UV polarimeter

" measurements: III, I± at

two wavelengths, = 210nm and = 265nm

" effective FOV - 175km x 24km

" resolution - 175km in horizontal, 3 km in vertical

" angular coverage at limb - 3600

" number of array elements - 1 x 8

* Method of analysis to retrieve cloud particle parameters-

Compare polarization and radiance as a function ofscattering angle and compare with Mie scattering

theory

to derive T =mean particle radius & particle

concentration

r.C'*J 0c C'. q" 0DW, q, W)m00e

gi 0) ul 0R Cr-* -4 - U)%0 CI I I II II Ico A A A CIL CJ 0%

C-0 CA U, r-. MD r" .. qq0)-4 C~ m, CA 00 0

W) CC La. - -.

w~~ C C) D C) C). C) C C

CDx C%j C') C'j U- a)

Li0

co 0

1. 0

* 0)0 C') %0 )C)O C-4 0 CA-. 4- 0:

rI C'.. I 0% In *' 0) 0) In-00 CU.- >) 0a ~ 4-3 4- ccI E 'o0p C C 0> 0 ~ V) = -W ~U' () a) a-C0

mZO 0CY) 0o 0y D 0 u c 4J CA r-. 4-) u 3c uC C00 0~ 0 - CAnU %0 4 *- tor (AI Q EOD

La.) 4n a oQ C0 C'.)0 -0C 4J - 0% >I -JC%JLa.. (A) C Q) -:c s.~- = C PnA c% to) c-. tUo

1-D LA.) 6- v-) L.) LL 0 ce) u 40 c > S.-00= 0 9 CM W 0)4- C S C - 4 0) .- d) 0'-

9- ca Lol 0n (A (A*InI 4-) 0 . 10 U) 0< CA Cn 4-) CLI- 00 m * a 00)C c A~ a) a)~ 00% c to 'S-

cm M W r C 3: C a) a) x >: W)~ co > to ) *-OU)U) 9 o)' -0' 0 4-r- ) L4-.?I CA 4-(A0 U C

I--Cc CCCD D 4 .4-) w a) 4- v- *~ > ~- - 0 >N 0. 0ZLaJ t'.J 4.-) M% 0 4CE m% tm C 0 In C 4A InA C C3V) $- 4-1 4-3

IIUC tor_ - U1. 0-4C c r s- 0 4-) >N S-go $S- ()..- >- , I#) m '- J<~ *0)I (A - M -0w. "a CU.. 0-

0-4z < -i LL.0. o aW) 4-3 1.. 3c 4-)>.-- 0) 0 06 >S toU CLL)j CD < ~CA I- US- cm ( -. CA (A 06- " ICA 0 .'-- c a0)0)3

n cZ toC LI -4 0 CEU 00c0 0 w aIV 4)) w ) C t Ur (L~)-1- X 0%C' LAU~- cm 3 V)...- 0Z C3 CD La- LD0C0C)

'~000.U0

cc cc co i UJL- L.

10 CI f% I I I I I

riI LO CV 4D0 CV) q.W

Vd) C9 LoJ cU "i.. - -

co 0D 1 0 0) 0) -4 C)Oz q .E CUi mU 04 (V C14

L.i C

co

~~C 0 0 ~ 5

7%J C34 - -47 1

ca (D en -4 en' .4 0 U oCJ .- s s0 qw C> 7 41O 0%eon

CD 0 c ~ CU C C7 301 wcUi

IA0 UJ ZL LO C) u C.. Z L) E CJiLLa. vi Li M ) C i e

Ll- 0 0)GL 0 1*% L> w fa- m- La. -,.. I- M La. GD E3EUC> 9

(f3U I.- 0- a)~G CO x 0 0 - M Z1= ~ CCD a' ) w) i) : L..c O 0 C ' 1) L. D C 4

LaJ "J = < ga CA4- a0 m -cc W1-4 GD - 0 h t -45 I al fuU- Ohac -- 0-4 -4 >- 0 S- 0 .. = 0 w D.0 C3h m j 0 .. jC c q tocCL9.4 =...J .j U GD GD.. 5-O 41' 4A to (f v .U Oct a) -4 *'-

6-4 ~~ ~ ~ ~ G G (A >4 0- V % l 4 -j i 1%. U :j L4PWu cZ v- CLD- EU V)00 -0c- =)DE LwE C3 c A (. ( o >1;

I-f= V)I I L.' CA 4))J. goJ LL.( fa- 39 0~ U0 $ C

C- I<' *E G

41 X~ .0 )EU . 4.)GD 0 L.OS- )

4' GbG 0 *0 GD 4AKl EU ad 4A u TS..~~~ EU* UEUE

t4D to totoC0L 0n CoJC~

GOJ 2: -4tOt 0t

CD0 CA Vo, ITh 0% .. a

0-x co a' CD C 4aC C ) C

=c LiJ a.~

LLJ

CL I

0 0 0

La a41 0 0 0-j <'. :341 - C\a C14..

Q ) a' 0 1' - 0 ON 0 ONc 0 C'- 0C) ~ 4-) u) m (-)

8--q -j-4 >1 0 (A 0 CDC: CD s-~. 1. c.. I- 1 4... L.. . 0 14C.4S 0 m~ 0 0% 0 ai 0 ai

VLJ -- V-I CD 4-) 0) 0D 0 0U.L tn' 4) 0) -4 go m >-, Cr) >1 m >1 C-)CD- LaJ to Cj .C to L..\ " 5- 0) -41C%J0 C)t u-e~i CD% j.~ 4- C l

ac 4-) co u CD a) cq 0 co *- a' D .1 C *'-a't 0 - a' 0>- 1= UPI m00 In Qo .0 >0 mm ouC%"fl) 4A n m<I 0D )n - a) " 0' to to 00 5- 0C 0JO CDC) - 0) $- 0)< >% 3 vi UC\j OD -.J 3C. U CU L.) W4 UOD a))X(b a) xL-)V1V w 4CD "a0 > 0 0) > 0 > 0

C. r n a c %Df ::I too -~ 0 cm * i x ( .- CO CO2: Lai r14 CA ) (U IL) E 05 S.1- 0 ~ C -_<> lw -4 %-a' a-A% 4.x 0%C 0 s- a) U0 w 4. colG w (A CU0-a- _~j wY m S- 0 * r 0 C V 10 = -a-.10 =

> eo0 )c 0)~ 4- 0...* CLC ) .0 0.O - C3. .M*r) xD *r 5- u) C wi to s-E A _ ) vo 4n~ .EcOO 4)0Co0) = 0 0)OCJ 0 to 0 0) 0) t t

co Ii 0'- CL- w0. C~) co w0 0 cc 3 m w

U) 0) -

% I - s- > to 0

L0 0toI- 01 4-

C 1 0) *. 0 0

0L 0L 01 .C

P( rl %J qc. O' T

LLJ 00U q)L

CLON = V- 0$ P-4 CC.I qw V)O' -4 % 0 C~J (%j . rC4

UI) LU __

li 0L -4 i 00 ---04- 000a m C C)J( C) -- C) C0~LJ a-.

L&J C)

o cZ-4 c

LiO C.j 00D )I19C S-0 C"0C%J ( @3-

00 0 d WI 0 C% 0- C I03 Cnr- CDJ U) 1- to0 0

0-O 0_3- 0 W ,> OCDJ CO0X ) C) W~ -4' C) 0l CO u

w C i C%j 0 C)(N 00 $ L A%

LAJ CM 0 m toJ C3 .- ID-I->. cn r- 0>i w-0 0A C-4 0.j 2:M 0

CD 1- 00- fU ed 4- S.0 C- -)-ex >-. 4x ~ e.'.' ed CD 3:0%.. 4 -

1- C3 to3 00: 0 0 -4 -''W * 0d=i (A = -cc 4J J' ('A- S-O rU

C^ (04) - W~ CC40 .- J 1-00 4> Q. 40.- CD X ' cC O O ' V IC@0) We f u)*-e *4 tm. 0 n -- 31 4) "o l (A- CL) V) r

_- P.4c CDO *s"f $- (a. G - 1--) 00 %- t7) -

=0001 o 4- S- 4J-M ) LLI,-4 4-b CO 0. CoII t' V). J. J 0C> V) - cc ZUL. LA VL) Li1)

00

0 4J- 0 C

LU 0 a) a ) cu a

C C- 0- * C0 = c 0 0 - >

U) 0) ZIP

i wsDt~t~~cf, I

,seems.h.h~f - dtic · paul twitchell sdio overview col. a. boright, usaf, special assistant to the...

Documents