seeking health care. general strategy if you do not understand the dr.’s explanation, ask...
TRANSCRIPT
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Seeking Health Care
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General strategy
• If you do not understand the Dr.’s explanation, ask questions until you do.
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How do theories help?
• Generate research
• Organize observations
• Help in predicting behavior
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Health belief model (theory)
• Beliefs predicting health-seeking behavior Perceived susceptibility to disease Perceived severity of the disease Perceived benefits of behavior Perceived barriers (E.g. Cost)
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Theory of Reasoned Action
• Intention to act or not Shaped by:
• Attitude toward the behavior• Subjective norm
Social pressure Do your friends like the idea
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Theory of Planned Behavior
• Attitude toward the behavior
• Subjective norms
• Perceived behavioral control How hard will it be to get what I want.
• If people think they can accomplish something, they are more apt to intend to do it.
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Precaution adoption process model
• 7 Stages toward health-related behavior 1. Unaware of personal risk 2. Aware, but think it will not apply to them
• Optimistic bias “It won’t happen to me” 3. Accept they are personally susceptible
• But do not take action 4. Decide to take action 5. Decide action is unnecessary 6. Already taken precautions 7. Maintaining precautions
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Seeking medical attention
• Gender differences Women are more likely to go to the doctor Men’s “Macho” image
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Seeking medical attention
• Illness behavior Before diagnosis
• Action with symptoms
After diagnosis• Sick role behavior (Following Dr.s orders)• Even self-diagnosis
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Symptom Characteristics
• 4 factors determining response 1. Visibility of the symptoms
• To self and others• “You look terrible” = Go to Dr.
2. Perceived severity of symptoms 3. Interferes with personal life 4. Frequency & persistence
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Conceptualization of disease
5 steps1. Identification of disease
“Heart attack” or “Heartburn”2. Time line
Chronic or acute
3. CausePhysical, emotional, or spiritual
4. ConsequencesFear of consequences
Breast cancer or AIDS
5. Control of the disease
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Receiving health care
1.MedicareOver age 65
“Care for the elderly”
2. Medicaid“Aid the poor”
Low income
Disability
Pregnancy
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People without insurance
Emergency room
“Dock-in-the-box”Convenient care clinic
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Helping children with hospitalization
Reassurance increases fears“Nothing to be afraid of”
ModelingModeling + cognitive = drugs
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