seeds of knowledge - contributing to climate change solutions

7/29/2019 Seeds of Knowledge - Contributing to Climate Change Solutions

1/91

Contributing to Climate Change SolutionsSeeds of Knowledge


2/91

eeds of nowledge: Contributing to Climate Change olutions

202 nited ations nvironment rogrammeB: 992005

isclaimers7KHFRQWHQWDQGYLHZVH[SUHVVHGLQ WKLVSXEOLFDWLRQDUHWKRVHRI WKHDXWKRUVDQGGR QRWQHFHVVDULO\UHHFWWKHYLHZVRU SROLFLHVRU FDUU\ WKH

endorsement of the contributory organisations or the nited ations nvironment rogramme ).

he designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part

RI81(3FRQFHUQLQJWKHOHJDOVWDWXVRIDQ\FRXQWU\WHUULWRU\RUFLW\RULWVDXWKRULWLHVRUFRQFHUQLQJWKHGHOLPLWDWLRQRILWVIURQWLHUVDQGERXQGDULHV

eference to a commercial company or product in this publication does not imply the endorsement of .

3KRWRVDQGLOOXVWUDWLRQVDVVSHFLHG

3KRWRFUHGLWVIRUIURQWFRYHU$IJKDQLVWDQ-RLQW3URJUDPPH%RVQLDDQG+HU]HJRYLQD-RLQW3URJUDPPH&KLQD-RLQW3URJUDPPH&RORPELD-RLQW

3URJUDPPH(FXDGRU-RLQW3URJUDPPH(J\SW-RLQW3URJUDPPH(WKLRSLD-RLQW3URJUDPPH*XDWHPDOD-RLQW3URJUDPPH-RUGDQ-RLQW3URJUDPPHDXULWDQLD -RLQW3URJUDPPH R]DPELTXH -RLQW 3URJUDPPH 1LFDUDJXD -RLQW3URJUDPPH 3DQDPD -RLQW 3URJUDPPH 3HUX-RLQW3URJUDPPH3KLOLSSLQHV-RLQW3URJUDPPH6HQHJDO-RLQW3URJUDPPHDQG7XUNH\-RLQW3URJUDPPH

eproduction7KLVSXEOLFDWLRQPD\EHUHSURGXFHGLQZKROHRULQSDUWDQGLQDQ\IRUPIRUHGXFDWLRQDORUQRQSURWSXUSRVHVZLWKRXWVSHFLDOSHUPLVVLRQIURP

WKHFRS\ULJKWKROGHUSURYLGHGDFNQRZOHGJHPHQWRIWKHVRXUFHLVPDGH81(3ZRXOGDSSUHFLDWHUHFHLYLQJDFRS\RIDQ\SXEOLFDWLRQWKDWXVHVWKLV

publication as a source.

o use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from .

$SSOLFDWLRQVIRUVXFKSHUPLVVLRQZLWKDVWDWHPHQWRISXUSRVHDQGLQWHQWRIWKHUHSURGXFWLRQVKRXOGEHDGGUHVVHGWRWKH'LUHFWRU'LYLVLRQRI&RPPXQLFDWLRQVDQG3XEOLF,QIRUPDWLRQ'&3,81(33%R[1DLURELHQ\D

he use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products for publicity or advertising is not permitted.

Produced bynited ations nvironment rogramme3%R[

1DLURELHQ\D

el: 254) 20 202mail: [email protected]

eb: www.unep.org

eeds of nowledge: Contributing to Climate Change olutions8QLWHG1DWLRQV(QYLURQPHQW3URJUDPPH1DLUREL3XEOLVKHG1RYHPEHU

HEVLWHKWWSZLNLPGJIXQGQHW(QYLURQPHQWDQG&OLPDWH&KDQJH

3URMHFWFRRUGLQDWLRQHGLWRUVDWL$XWHUH'DYLGH3LJDRVKQL3HVKDYDULDRQLFDZRYH

LD7XUQHU&DUPHOD/DQ]D

*UDSKLFVOD\RXWRVKQL3HVKDYDULD

'LVWULEXWLRQ6,'LVWULEXWLRQ6HUYLFHV/WG8QLWHGLQJGRP

3ULQWLQJ8113XEOLVKLQJ6HUYLFHV6HFWLRQ1DLUREL,6FHUWLHG

UNEP promotes

environmentally sound practices

globally and in its own activities. This

report is printed on paper rom sustainableorests including recycled fbre. The paper is

chlorine ree, and the inks vegetable-based.

Our distribution policy aims to reduce

UNEPs carbon ootprint


3/91

Seeds of KnowledgeContributing to Climate Change Solutions


4/91

iv Seeds of Knowledge - Contributing to Climate Change Solutions

TABLE OF CONTENTSStatement by State Secretary for the Environment, Spain (President of UNEP Governing Council)

Statement by UN Under-Secretary-General and UNEP Executive Director

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Theme: Capacity Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Strengthening capacity for conflict prevention and the protection of

natural resources in Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Strengthening institutional capacity to adapt to climate change in the Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Theme: Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Communication protects the environment in Nicaraguas

BOSAWAS Biosphere Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Radio and climate change meet in the Andes in Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Theme: Ecosystems Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Multi-disciplinary teams bring agricultural adaptation to climate change in China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Trends of forest ecosystems and their services in Senegal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Theme: Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources in Bosnia and Herzegovina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Egypt tackles climate change through energy-efficient transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Theme: Environment Mainstreaming and Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Environmental planning for protecting Bosnia and Herzegovina, one town at a time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Mauritania converts national policies into concrete action on

natural resource management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Theme: Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Ethiopian female pastoralists unite to fight climate change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Gender and communications combat climate change in Nicaragua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36


5/91

v

Theme: Partnerships with Civil Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Community based adaptation to climate change in Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Managing Ecuadors YasunBiosphere Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Theme: Partnerships with Governments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Generating synergies to tackle climate change in Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Strengthening capacity to adapt to climate change in Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Theme: Partnerships with Local Communities and Indigenous People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Community mobilization helps protect Afghanistans natural resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

The guardians of adaptation and seed custodians of Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Theme: Project Cycle Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Ownership of climate change adaptation strategies in Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

Flexibility and responsiveness to climate change adaptation in Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Theme: Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Managing the risk of climate change impacts in Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Early Warning System for the Chucunaque River in Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Theme: Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Managing climate change impacts on groundwater in Chinas Hebei Province . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Irrigated and integrated production systems help Mozambique

adapt to climate change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Theme: Exit Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

MDG-F Environment and Climate Change Joint Programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Authors and Reviewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Thank you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82


6/91

vi Seeds of Knowledge - Contributing to Climate Change Solutions

Statement by Spains State Secretary for theEnvironment (President of UNEP GoverningCouncil)n eptember 2000 the eneral Assembly adopted the nitedations illennium eclaration committing their nationsto a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and

setting out a series of timebound targets with a deadlineof 205 that have come to be known as the illenniumevelopment oals s). hese oals have achievedimportant results so that the world has met some importanttargets ahead of the deadline. he target of reducing extremeSRYHUW\E\KDOIKDVEHHQUHDFKHGYH\HDUVDKHDGRIWKHdeadline as has the target of halving the proportion of peoplewho lack dependable access to improved sources of drinkingwater. Conditions for more than 200 million people livingin slums have been ameliorated twice as many as targetedby 2020. rimary school enrolment of girls equalled that ofboys and we have seen accelerating progress in reducingchild and maternal mortality. owever the progress is stilluneven in many areas and much work lies ahead of us to

achieve the objectives by 205.

he illennium evelopment oals tackle many differentissues and their implementation involves different

bodies including the nited ations nvironment3URJUDPPH 81(3 6SHFLFDOO\ '* DLPV WR HQVXUHenvironmental sustainability which represents the majorinterest of and sets different targets for this aim suchas integrating the principles of sustainable developmentinto country policies and programmes and reversing the

ORVVRI HQYLURQPHQWDOUHVRXUFHV VLJQLFDQWO\UHGXFLQJWKHrate of loss by 200 halving by 205 the proportion ofthe population without sustainable access to safe drinkingwater and basic sanitation; and achieving by 2020 aVLJQLFDQWLPSURYHPHQWLQWKHOLYHVRIDWOHDVWPLOOLRQslum dwellers. Attaining environmental sustainability is amajor challenge of the s and is also crucial to ensuresustainable development at a larger scale. rogress on thes can only be sustained by a healthy planet which isZK\WKH'*LVVRLPSRUWDQW

ince the beginning pain has attached great importanceWR WKH QDO DFKLHYHPHQW RI WKHLOOHQQLXP 'HYHORSPHQWoals with a special focus on implementation. n order to

accomplish and accelerate progress on the s at thecountry level an international cooperation mechanismthe illennium evelopment oal und ) wasestablished by pain with substantial contributions that

.. r. ederco amos de Armas, tate ecretary for the nvronment, an


7/91

viiUHHFW WKH LPSRUWDQFH WKDW RXU FRXQWU\ DWWDFKHV WR WKHachievement of the s.

he supports national governments local authoritiesand citizen organizations in their efforts to tackle povertyand inequality through 0 joint programmes at the countryOHYHO RUJDQL]HG LQ HLJKW WKHPDWLF DUHDV WKDW UHHFW WKHpriorities of the s. he areas supported by the are the following: Children ood ecurity and utritionender quality and omens mpowerment nvironmentand Climate Change outh mployment and igrationemocratic conomic overnance evelopment and the3ULYDWH 6HFWRU &RQLFW 3UHYHQWLRQDQG3HDFHEXLOGLQJ DQGCulture and evelopment.

ach of the abovementioned thematic programme areas istherefore convened by a body with the relevant capacityand expertise.

n this regard is the convenor of the nvironmentand Climate area of the which has had an allocationRI 86 PLOOLRQ WR VXSSRUW -RLQW 3URJUDPPHV LQAfghanistan Bosnia and erzegovina China Colombia(FXDGRU (J\SW (WKLRSLD *XDWHPDOD -RUGDQ DXULWDQLDozambique icaragua anama eru hilippines6HQHJDO DQG7XUNH\ 7KH -RLQW3URJUDPPHV XQGHU WKLVDUHD FRQVWLWXWH SHUFHQW RI DOO -RLQW 3URJUDPPHV 7KHDFWLYLWLHV XQGHU WKLV DUHD FRQWULEXWH WR DFKLHYLQJ '*

on environmental sustainability particularly the target ofintegrating the principles of sustainable development intocountry policies and programmes and reversing the loss ofenvironmental resources. ainstreaming issues related toFOLPDWHFKDQJHLVDOVRWKHPDLQIRFXVRIPRVWRIWKH-RLQWrogrammes under this thematic area including workingwith locallevel governments and communities on issuessuch as climate change and its possible effects on agriculturalproduction tourism and health.

7KHVH-RLQW3URJUDPPHVDOVRGHDOZLWKDGDSWDWLRQPHDVXUHVto cope with various issues of climate change. ajorconcerns in this regard have been community preparednessfood security land degradation and soil fertility land erosion

DQGGHVHUWLFDWLRQ DLUSROOXWLRQ FKDQJH LQ QDWLYH VSHFLHVG\QDPLFVZLOGUHVGURXJKWDQGRRGLQJFKDQJHVLQUDLQSDWWHUQVULVLQJVHDOHYHOVDQGDFLGLFDWLRQ

$OOWKH-RLQW3URJUDPPHVZLOOEHFRPSOHWHGby the end of ecember 202. n anticipationof this and to underline the outcomes ofthis valuable experience at the countrylevel is publishing this booklet thatFRPSLOHV WKH OHVVRQV OHDUQHG IURPHDFK -RLQW3URJUDPPHhis publication along with other available material willserve as an important resource to highlight not only the elivering as ne nitiative but also the panish undand outhouth cooperation experiences.

he international community remains fully committedto meet the s and foster sustainable development.7KLV KDV EHHQ UHFHQWO\ UHDIUPHG LQ WKH GHFODUDWLRQ7KH

uture e ant adopted during the 202 ConferenceRQ 6XVWDLQDEOH 'HYHORSPHQW LR ODVW -XQH ,Q WKLVsense the eads of tate and overnment and highlevelUHSUHVHQWDWLYHV UHPDLQ UPO\ FRPPLWWHG WR WKH IXOO DQGtimely achievement of the s underscoring that they areDXVHIXOWRROLQIRFXVLQJWKHDFKLHYHPHQWRIVSHFLFJDLQVDVpart of a broad development vision and framework for thedevelopment activities of the nited ations.

normous progress has been made towards achieving thes which are making a real difference in peoples livesand with strong leadership and accountability this progresscan and must be expanded in most of the worlds countriesby the target date of 205. After that date the post205

GHYHORSPHQWDJHQGDZLOOKDYHWREHFOHDUO\GHQHGLQFORVHcoordination with the recent io20 outcomes and effortsto achieve a world of prosperity equity freedom dignity andpeace will have to continue unabated. But before that andas a solid foundation of all future work we need to make asmuch progress as possible on the current s. here arestill three years to go before the 205 deadline and furtherprogress will be needed on those targets that have not yetbeen met.

ith that spirit and as a contribution to this process is publishing this booklet as a compilation of lessons learnedand a practical example of concrete experiences at thecountry level. pain is very proud of its contribution and its

good use by among others . Any success story counts.

.. r. ederico amos de Armaspains tate ecretary for nvironment resident of overning Council)


8/91

viii Seeds of Knowledge - Contributing to Climate Change Solutions

Statement by the UN Under-Secretary-Generaland UNEP Executive Director

hen the nited ations established the illenniumevelopment oals s) in 2002 the world ralliedaround the call to action to dramatically reduce povertyhunger and disease by 205. o reach those goals a healthy

planet is a prerequisite.

he nvironment rogramme ) has been workingwith other agencies to achieve the goal that ensuresHQYLURQPHQWDOVXVWDLQDELOLW\'*ZKLFKLQWHJUDWHVWKHprinciples of sustainable development into national policiesin order to reverse the loss of our natural resources whichare ultimately the wealth of the poor.

he illennium evelopment oals Achievement und) was established in 200 to accelerate effortsat the country level for reaching the s. t was anunprecedented opportunity that was made possible thanks togenerous funding by the overnment of pain.

is a proud partner of the and the convenorfor its nvironment and Climate Change programme area.orking together with the family overnments and

national partners has assisted the implementation of-RLQW3URJUDPPHVLQ$IJKDQLVWDQ%RVQLD+HU]HJRYLQDColumbia China cuador gypt thiopia uatemala-RUGDQ DXULWDQLD R]DPELTXH 1LFDUDJXD 3DQDPDeru hilippines enegal and urkey. he rogrammesaddress the impacts of climate change worldwide on poorcommunities and introduce adaptation and mitigationmeasures that will protect the vulnerable and ensuresustainable development.

At the center of this effort and a key legacy of the LV WKH NQRZOHGJH WKDW KDV EHHQ JHQHUDWHG E\ WKHVH -RLQWrogrammes. hrough a iki an online interactive websiteand innovative methodologies such as eeks in ocus

has facilitated the sharing of best practices amongWKH-RLQW3URJUDPPHVRQFURVVFXWWLQJHQYLURQPHQWDOLVVXHVhis multilingual initiative has established a unique virtualcommunity of practice that crosses continents in the searchfor solutions.

his is in line with the outcome of the Conference onustainable evelopment or io20 which focused theworlds attention on practical measures for implementingsustainable development and poverty eradication. t isclear that rapid growth is necessary to meet the urgentdevelopment needs of the most vulnerable but growth willnot be sustainable in the long run unless it is both sociallyinclusive and green. s work on an inclusive reen

conomy is evolving in support of these aims to ensurethat the earths natural assets will provide the resources andenvironmental services that humanity needs for its survival.

As countries gather for the Climate Conference in ohaC) we are reminded once again of the importanceof sustainable development and the critical need to triggerD QHZ SKDVH RI FOLPDWH DFWLRQ DQG OO WKH JDSV LQ WKHinternational policy response to climate change. But we needmore information and the ability to access and share it. othis end is pleased to present this booklet which isDFRPSLODWLRQRIWKHOHVVRQVOHDUQHGIURPHDFKRIWKH-RLQWrogrammes. By sharing the best practices of others wecan contribute to the knowledge that ensures a sustainable

environment and ultimately a healthier planet.

Achim teiner nderecretaryeneral and xecutive irector

r. Achm tener, xecutve rector of nted atons nvronment rogramme


9/91

01

he has funded a wide range of projects intended toadvance the achievements of the illennium evelopmentoals and the implementation of the elivering asne reform. nder the nvironment and Climate ChangeZLQGRZ RI WKH '* 81 -RLQW 3URJUDPPHV -3developed 5 lessons learned on climate change adaptation atnational and local community levels. his booklet describes

the experience that was gained and its impact at the globaland policymaking levels.Methodology7KH -RLQW 3URJUDPPH SDUWLFLSDQWV ZURWH OHVVRQV OHDUQHGon topics where they felt they had important knowledgeto share. he lessons then went through an interactive andconsultative process of review. o ensure consistencyquality and relevance of the lessons three review criteriawere applied:1. ContextDFOHDUGHQLWLRQRIWKHVLWXDWLRQIURPZKLFK

the lesson originated;2. Evidence: available information that supports the

argument of the lesson;

3. Replicability: an explanation of the conditionsnecessary to replicate the lesson in other contexts.

AdaptationAdaptation as a concept involves a wide range of activities inresponse to or in preparation for climate change. ensitivityof environments and communities to impending changesresults in vulnerability especially if the capacity to adapt isconstrained.

Challengeshe high diversity and complexity of approaches amongWKH -RLQW3URJUDPPHV ZDV D VWUHQJWKUHSUHVHQWLQJ WKHdifferent socioeconomic political and ecological contexts

of the activities. ome direct impacts of the adaptation workwill be visible on a short time scale and work intended tocatalyze behavioral or structural change in policies andinstitutions will take much longer to become evident.

Policy Implications7KH FURVVVHFWRUDO DQG FROODERUDWLYH QDWXUH RI WKH -RLQWrogrammes has provided strong support for tacklingclimate change adaptation issues at national regional andlocal levels. ocal ownership of the work being done andof the policy outcomes is essential for successful adaptation.

Partnershipshe diversity of adaption needs requires that a country orcommunity bring a diversity of capacities in order to beVXFFHVVIXO LQ DGDSWDWLRQ7KH -RLQW3URJUDPPHV SULPDULO\focused on government and nongovernmental organizationsat the local level; however it is important to recognize alsothe role of the private sector in climate change adaptationefforts particularly given the global force of the reenconomy. t was evident that cooperation among allstakeholders is absolutely necessary when resources are to beshared and when many are asked to exercise new behaviour.7KH-3SDUWQHUVDQGVWDNHKROGHUVKDGDZLGHUDQJHRIH[LVWLQJFDSDFLW\DQGVNLOOVEXWWKHUHZHUHVLJQLFDQWJDSVDWFKLQJcapacitybuilding and tools for adaptation like knowledge

management with the roles played by different partners isimportant for achieving sustainable results.

Sustainabilitynsuring the sustainability of their interventions was aFRPPRQFRQFHUQIRUDOO-RLQW3URJUDPPHV,WEHFDPHFOHDUthat achieving sustainability required use of a participatoryapproach that included the participation of local communitiesand governments. his broad participation ultimately wasthe cornerstone for the local ownership needed for longterm sustainability. he 24 lessons learned that follow arebased on countrylevel challenges and successes achieved inprotecting the environment and adapting to climate change.hese experiences are also a part of an easytoaccess online

knowledge base and are witness to humanitys efforts toDGDSWWRIXWXUHFOLPDWLFFRQGLWLRQVHKRSHUHDGHUVZLOOQGthis information useful will share it and will replicate it intheir communities and in their countries.

Lessons from the MDG-F Environment andClimate Change Window: Global Problems and Local Solutions

INTRODUCTION


10/91

Seeds of Knowledge - Contributing to Climate Change Solutions02


11/91


12/91


Strengthening capacity for conflict prevention andthe protection of natural resources in Peru

Jaimeequieros/Integratedandadaptivemanagementofenvironmentalresourcesandclimaticrisksinigh

Andeanmicro-watersheds/PeruJointProgramme

he anto oms ver basn, scoe of C eru

The Solution,WZDVUHFRJQL]HGWKDWHIIHFWLYHFRPPXQLFDWLRQDQGFRQLFWresolution strategies were necessary to reverse the trend ofVRFLRHQYLURQPHQWDO FRQLFWV 7KH 81 -RLQW 3URJUDPPHof the sought to engage the local authorities andthe general public on the prevention and resolution of the

LQFUHDVLQJ QXPEHU RI VRFLRHQYLURQPHQWDO FRQLFWV 7KH-RLQW3URJUDPPHWDUJHWHGQLQHPXQLFLSDOLWLHVLQWKH&XVFRand Apurmac region and through collaboration with erusLQLVWU\RI-XVWLFHFRQGXFWHGFDSDFLW\WUDLQLQJRQWKHOHJDODVSHFWVRILQVWLWXWLRQDOL]DWLRQDQGFRQLFWUHVROXWLRQ

,QLWLDOO\WKH81-RLQW3URJUDPPHWDUJHWHGNH\VWDNHKROGHUVincluding civil society representatives private entitiesand government authorities with an initiative that wouldhelp them to understand prevent and manage socioHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQLFWVLQWKHUHJLRQDQXDOVDQGWUDLQLQJmaterial adapted to local conditions were produced and aseries of workshops were conducted. n a second phase anddue to great demand from the local stakeholders additional

trainings on the extrajudicial settlement of disputes wereconducted and to that purpose a module on the managementRIVRFLRHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQLFWVLQWKH$QGHDQHJLRQZDVcreated.

The Problemhe anto oms iver Basin is located between the Cuscoand Apurmac regions in eru. ocated in the southernAndean highlands at 000 meters this area is rich in naturalUHVRXUFHV WKDW DUH LQFUHDVLQJO\ D VRXUFH RI FRQLFW 7KHgrowing extraction of mineral deposits and resulting negative

impacts on water resources and local wildlife is leading toVRFLRHQYLURQPHQWDO FRQLFWV 7KHVH FLUFXPVWDQFHV DUHalso increasing the vulnerability of this already vulnerablepopulation to climate change.

he problems that are emerging include the following:. &RQLFWV FDXVHG E\ WKH LQWHUYHQWLRQ RI PLQLQJ

companies in the area;2. &RQLFWVUHODWHGWRODQGFRQWURODQGWHQXUH. &RQLFWVFDXVHGDVD UHVXOWRI LQHTXLWDEOHDFFHVV DQG

distribution of water in the local communities.

f the current trend continues it is likely that in the comingyears provinces in this region like Chumbivilcas which

is one of the poorest in eru will become a mining centerZLWKLQFUHDVLQJVRFLRHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQLFWVUHODWHGWRWKHaccess and use of natural resources such as land and water.


13/91

05$VDUHVXOWIRUWKHUVWWLPHLQ3HUXWKHUHZDVWUDLQLQJDQGcapacitybuilding on extrajudicial conciliation for socioHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQLFWVRUW\SHRSOHZHUHWUDLQHGLQFOXGLQJmembers of local and regional governments. n the end the81-RLQW3URJUDPPHJUDGXDWHGFRXUWFRQFLOLDWRUVDOORIWKHPUHFRJQL]HGE\WKHLQLVWU\RI-XVWLFHRI3HUX

he initiative also ran workshops on communicationDQG VRFLRHQYLURQPHQWDO FRQLFW PDQDJHPHQW IRU RYHU00 people from nine municipalities in the provinces ofCotabambas and Chumbivilcas in the anto oms iverBasin. ith capacities strengthened in the techniques neededfor the constructive management of socioenvironmentalFRQLFWV WKH ORFDO DXWKRULWLHV DQG WKH JHQHUDO SXEOLF RI

the local communities are now increasingly able to workWRJHWKHUWRSUHYHQWIXWXUHFRQLFWV

Lessons Learned(IIHFWLYHFRPPXQLFDWLRQDQGFDSDFLW\EXLOGLQJLQWKHHOGRI FRQLFW SUHYHQWLRQ DUH ERWK QHFHVVDU\ WR VWUHQJWKHQthe socioenvironmental analytic capabilities andcommunication skills of the local authorities professionalsand inhabitants of these Andean rural communities. hilecommunication itself is important the capacity buildingIRUFRQLFWUHVROXWLRQKDVKHOSHGWKHGLIIHUHQWVWDNHKROGHUVWRGHYHORSDQREMHFWLYHDQDO\VLVRIWKHFRQLFWLWVHOI7KLVhas taught them how to prevent manage and transform theVRFLRHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQLFWV

rganizing these activities had to be planned well inadvance taking into consideration key stakeholders as wellDVWKHVSHFLFQHHGVRIWKHWHUULWRULDODUHDIFLDOVXSSRUWand recognition from the authorities is a must. or exampleDOORIWKHZRUNKDGWREHGRQHZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIWKHIFHof the mbudsman and ediation Center and with theUHFRJQLWLRQRI WKHLQLVWU\ RI -XVWLFH7R FRQVROLGDWHDQGHQVXUHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH-RLQW3URJUDPPHDQIFHRI3HDFHDQG3UHYHQWLRQRI6RFLR(QYLURQPHQWDO&RQLFWVZDVcreated within the egional overnment of Cusco. his hashelped to provide legitimacy to activities as well as longterm institutionalization.

his is a new experience and therefore technical professionalsand political support were needed to systematize alternativemechanisms for institutionalizing socioenvironmentalFRQLFWUHVROXWLRQLQWKHUHJLRQVDQGORFDOFRPPXQLWLHV

Replicationhe experience in Cusco and Apurmacregions in eru could be applied in otherregions and localities of eru. he followingsteps for replication can also be followedby other countries and areas where there are environmentalFRQLFWV evelopment of a baseline study of the situation of

WKHVRFLRHQYLURQPHQWDO FRQLFW ZKLFKZRXOG LQFOXGHparticipatory assessments.

esign an intervention strategy to guide theimplementation of the training. his activity should becoordinated with the representatives of the municipalitiesfor example the unicipal nvironmental Commissions

or the unicipal nvironmental anagement nits.t should also include civil society and private sectorrepresentatives.

,W LV LPSRUWDQW WR FRRUGLQDWH ZLWK WKH IFH RI([WUDMXGLFLDO&RQFLOLDWLRQRIWKHLQLVWU\RI-XVWLFHDQGwith the mbudsman or equivalent bodies in order toconduct a joint extrajudicial conciliators training. hisprocess should be designed to target the municipalauthorities civil society private sector as well asuniversity students and the general public.

Appropriate materials containing the theory and practiceRIFRQLFWSUHYHQWLRQDUHQHFHVVDU\DQGVKRXOGEHXVHGin workshops run by experienced professionals.

inally it is important to interact with other relevant

stakeholders. he countrys arliament is a key partnersince it can enact the necessary regulations for creatingDOWHUQDWLYHPHFKDQLVPVIRUVRFLRHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQLFWresolution including environmental conciliationarbitration and negotiation. All this has to be done withWKHVXSSRUWE\WKHLQLVWU\RI-XVWLFHDQGUHFRJQL]HGOHJDORIFHV

For more informationn the lesson learned please see:http:wiki.mdgfund.netCCCapBuilderu

Q-RLQW3URJUDPPH3HUXSOHDVHVHHhttp:wiki.mdgfund.netCCeru


14/91


Strengthening institutional capacity to adapt toclimate change in the Philippines

trengtheningthePhilipp

inesInstitutionalCapacitytoAdapttoClimateChange/PhilippinesJoint

Programme

5HWURWWHGKRXVHLQ6RUVRJRQ&LW\3KLOLSSLQHV

to design a climate change resilient social infrastructure forthe vulnerable urban communities living in the barangaysor villages around orsogon.

he information campaign raised awareness about climatechange and its impact on the livelihoods and housing of

the population living near the coastal areas. ConsideringWKDW FOLPDWH FKDQJH LV D WHFKQLFDO DQG VFLHQWLF FRQFHSWit was important to popularize the information in order toreach a much wider audience. aterials were producedand distributed to about 4 barangays to inform coastalsettlements about the impacts of climate change and the needfor adaptation measures.

n addition Automated eather tations to improve theplanning and monitoring for disaster risk reduction wereset up and a number of personnel from the City lanningIFH ZHUHJLYHQ WUDLQLQJRQFOLPDWH FKDQJHDQGGLVDVWHUrisk related subjects.

hroughout implementation an emphasis was made ondeveloping a participatory approach. By including thecommunity in the planning stages their needs were takeninto consideration.

The Problemorsogon is located in the southernmost province of uzonLQWKH3KLOLSSLQHV,WVJHRJUDSKLFDOSRVLWLRQRQWKH3DFLFcean to the west and east and the Albay ulf and the Chinaea through the orsogon Bay makes it highly exposed andvulnerable to the growing natural disasters as a result of

climate change. n 200 orsogon was hit by super typhoonilenya that destroyed over 0000 houses and again in2009 by yphoon ante which brought heavy rains andPDVVLYHRRGLQJ

any of the urban poor of orsogon live along the esteroswhich are rivers and coastal areas highly vulnerable to naturalKD]DUGVVXFKDVW\SKRRQVRRGLQJDQGVWRUPVXUJHVRVWRIthese areas are made up of informal settlements of shantiesbuilt with light materials that can be easily destroyed andswept away endangering the lives and livelihoods of thedwellers.

The Solutionsing a communication campaign as well as a participatorySODQQLQJ DSSURDFK WKH 81 -RLQW 3URJUDPPH XQGHU WKH engaged the local government and local communities


15/91

07A pilot scheme resulted in the following:. he formulation of a city shelter plan;2. he site selection and design for a model climate

resilient coastal settlementcommunity;. he construction of a pilot project on climate change

resilient houses;4. ocumentation of a welldesigned climateresilient

human settlement;5. he formulation of guidelines on green infrastructure.

By engaging the local community and following aparticipatory approach in designing the adaptive measuresto tackle the impacts of climate change orsogon was ableto build climate change resilient social infrastructure for the

citys vulnerable communities.

here are also local ordinances in place for the developmentof resilient settlements and the hilippine nstitute fornvironmental lanning together with local architectswill help to harness further support to establishing planningstandards and guidelines.

Lessons LearnedA key factor for the success of the pilot project lies in itsparticipatory approach and information campaign. herewas ownership of the project by the local government aswell as cooperation by the inhabitants who were involvedin the planning and implementation process. he campaign

also made the target audiences aware of climate change andits potential impacts to their houses and livelihoods therebymotivating them to participate in building resilience.

7KH VXVWDLQDELOLW\ RI UHWURWWLQJ KRPHV ZDV DOVR PDGHpossible by providing subsidies and establishing anacceptable repayment scheme for those who participated.QO\ KDOIRIWKH WRWDO FRVWRIUHWURWWLQJZLOOEHFROOHFWHGLQLQVWDOOPHQWSD\PHQWVIURPWKHRZQHUVRIWKHUHWURWWHGKRXVHV7KHDPRXQWFROOHFWHGZLOO WKHQEHXVHGWR UHWURWother vulnerable houses.

t was also recognized that displacement is clearly not alwaysthe solution even in such vulnerable areas. t was found that

UHWURWWLQJKRXVLQJVWUXFWXUHVZLOOZRUNEHVWHVSHFLDOO\IRUsocialized housing units where dwellers own or have theopportunity to own their houses. or informal settlements

where the dwellers tend to move or arerelocated facilitating a participatory processWRGHQHUHVHWWOHPHQWDJUHHPHQWVJXLGHGE\the local government authorities worked best.

Replicationhe participatory approach can be used for the successfulbridging of climate science and community adaptiveEHKDYLRXU LQ WKH VSHFLF FDVH RI EXLOGLQJ FOLPDWH FKDQJHresilient social infrastructure for vulnerable urbancommunities in a coastal city. owever certain conditionsare needed for its success:. wnership of property andor security of land tenure

is essential in order to ensure that the dwellers have an

LQFHQWLYHWRSD\IRUUHWURWWLQJWKHLUKRPHV2. mplementation and the potential replication ofUHWURWWHGKRXVLQJ VWUXFWXUHEHFDPHPRUHYLDEOH ZLWKthe participation and investment of funds by specializedpartner agencies.

. 3URYLGLQJ DSSURSULDWH QDQFLQJ VFKHPHV VXFK DVsubsidies or acceptable repayment schemes will alsoLPSURYHWKHYLDELOLW\RIWKHVHUHWURWWLQJSURMHFWV

4. articipation and appropriate communication such asan information campaign are critical factors in ensuringappropriate levels of understanding and support for suchactivities.

For more informationn the lesson learned please see:http:wiki.mdgfund.netCCCapBuildhilippines

Q-RLQW3URJUDPPH3KLOLSSLQHVSOHDVHVHHhttp:wiki.mdgfund.netCChilippines


16/91



17/91

09

TheroughtGam

eEnvironmentMainstreamingandAdaptationtoClimateChange/Mozam

biqueJointProgramme

Communication is an essential component ofthe Joint Programmes and must be includedfrom the start. It is the tool for buildingsupport for the activities of the projectand fosters a greater understanding andstronger collaboration, which are critical forreaching the goals. How one communicatesthe Programme is essential for expanding theaudience, building a cohesive Programmeand also for replication in other countries.Ultimately, it is the communication that willlead to the replication that will lead to theoverall global achievements of the MDG-F.

Communication


18/91

10 Seeds of Knowledge - Contributing to Climate Change Solutions

Communication protects the environment inNicaraguas BOSAWAS Biosphere Reserve

KisslerChow/ocalandregionalenvironmentalmanagementforthemanagemento

f

naturalresourcesandprovisionofenvironmentalservices/NicaraguaJointProgramme

assessments to understand the communication trends in theaspam and Bonanza municipalities with the conclusionthat in these rural areas radio stations are the only source ofinformation although the target audience of the radios wasmostly the urban population where radio signal coveragewas stronger. he results of the assessments were shared

and validated with local stakeholders and with differentkey communicators in the area to create awareness of thesituation.

$JDLQVW WKLV EDFNGURS WKH -RLQW 3URJUDPPH KHOSHG WRdevelop the capacities skills and knowledge of the localradio broadcasters with the aim to develop an inclusivecommunication for urban and rural populations. he initiativealso worked with the ustainable evelopment etwork anational organization with experience in media training.

A communications network was created in the area withradio programmes to improve the quality and the contentof radio communications in the eserve. As a result the

municipalities of aspam and Bonanza strengthened theircommunication structures and experienced an evolution inradio programming tailored to meet local needs.

The Problemhe BAA Biosphere eserve is located in northernicaragua and was designated a biosphere reserve by81(6& LQ $W DSSUR[LPDWHO\ VTXDUHkilometres in size the hilly terrain is rich in largelyunexplored biodiversity and comprises about 5 percent of

the countrys total land area making it the second largestrainforest in the estern emisphere after the Amazon inBrazil.

he eserve is also home to the umos and the iskitotwo indigenous populations of icaragua who depend onthe natural resources of the region for their livelihoods. Butendemic poverty and a growing population has threatenedthe conservation of the area through overhunting of wildlifeunsustainable landclearing for agriculture and humanZLOGOLIHFRQLFW

The Solution7KH 81 -RLQW 3URJUDPPH XQGHU WKH '* DLPHG WR

improve the quality and quantity of the communicationon sustainable development in the BAA Biosphereeserve. nitially the rogramme conducted participatory

(GXDUGRXVHVDPHJDSKRQHWRLQIRUPHPHUJHQF\DOHUWVFRPPXQLFDWHQHZVDQGUHOHYDQWLQIRUPDWLRQWRWKHFRPPXQLW\LQ:DOSD7DUD1LFDUDJXD


19/91

11,QWKH WKUHH\HDUV VLQFHWKH -RLQW3URJUDPPH ZDV VWDUWHGthe skills of the media and radio broadcasters has improveddramatically with a stronger focus on sustainabledevelopment. he broadcasts also targeted differentaudiences such as women youth and farmers withspecialized topics that focused on the sustainable use ofnatural resources.

he three radio broadcasts oice of nvironmentalducation A) adio Bonanza and aiti asba are stillRQDLUHYHQDIWHUWKHFORVLQJRIWKH-RLQW3URJUDPPHDGLRBonanza and aiti asba literally other arth adio)work on higher frequencies which allow for more coverageand longer broadcasting hours. he three radio stations

FRQWLQXH WR EHQDQFLDOO\ VXSSRUWHG DQG PDQDJHG E\ WKHlocal overnments with funding also coming from the saleof services and advertising.

Lessons Learnedetting up a communications network in the Biosphereeserve faced many obstacles. ural radio broadcasters werevery inexperienced in the basic techniques of communication.ometimes the broadcasts were not in the local languages orhappened at times when people were at work and not at home.n addition the three existing local radio programmes in themunicipalities were targeting the urban population ratherthan the majority living in rural areas with content focusingmainly on entertainment rather than on local and national

news. oreover the content did not take into account thatthe rural population lives and depends entirely on access tonatural resources or the sustainable management of thosenatural resources which are critical to their livelihoods.

n addressing these challenges there were a number ofOHVVRQV OHDUQHG IURP WKH -RLQW 3URJUDPPHV H[SHULHQFHirstly a participatory assessment is key to determining theneeds for and roles of communication. econdly capacitytraining of local broadcasters is critical for ensuring highquality programmes which are tailored to meet the needs ofthe local community. hirdly community leaders and themedia including local radio broadcasters are importantpartners in developing a communications strategy. inally

the radio is the best medium for reaching rural populationsespecially in areas that have limited infrastructure incommunications.

ReplicationKLOHWKH-RLQW3URJUDPPHLVDQH[DPSOHRIhow communications can change attitudesand behavior towards climate change povertyreduction and environmental sustainabilityit also showcases how radio communication is especiallyuseful in remote regions that have limited access to mediainfrastructure.

or replication purposes it is important to recognize thatWKH DSSURDFK LV QRW D RQH VL]H WV DOO $ SUHOLPLQDU\assessment is crucial for understanding the needs of theVSHFLF FRPPXQLW\ DQG WKH DXGLHQFH ZKR VKRXOG EHallowed to express what they need from the media and the

radio broadcasters. nly by listening to the community canthe activity begin to foster respect and trust and longtermsustainability. ltimately the messages from the broadcastsmust be tailored to the audience and meet local needs.

o replicate the development of media capabilities it is alsoimportant to collaborate with all stakeholders journalistsmedia institutions universities and local communityleaders) who can help as well in guiding the content. or thesustainability of the radio programmes local governmentsare also valuable partners who can both manage and partlyQDQFHWKHEURDGFDVWV$GGLWLRQDOIXQGLQJFDQFRPHIURPthe sale of services and advertisements from the privatesector and civil society.

For more informationn the lesson learned please see:http:wiki.mdgfund.netCCCommicaragua

Q-RLQW3URJUDPPH1LFDUDJXDSOHDVHVHHhttp:wiki.mdgfund.netCCicaragua


20/91


FlorVilla/IntegratedandadaptivemanagementofenvironmentalresourcesandclimaticrisksinighAndean

micro-watersheds(PeruJointProgramme)

5XUDO&RPPXQLFDWRU$OLFLD(VFDODQWHFRQGXFWLQJDUDGLRSURJUDPPHRQFOLPDWHFKDQJHLQ&RWDEDPEDV$SXUmac, eru.

four live radio broadcasts training of rural communicatorsinformation and awareness campaigns aiming to addressenvironmental issues caused by climate change a capacitybuilding programme for teachers and specialists ineducational institutions and the elaboration of a proposal forschool curricula. As a result the radio broadcast popularly

known as Pachamamanchista Munakusun rotectingother arth) now airs daily in uechua the local languageand panish to encourage farming communities to identifylocal problems and propose ways for adapting and mitigatingthe impacts of climate change.

he broadcasts motivate farmers to implement adaptationmeasures such as water harvesting reforestation with nativespecies protection of biodiversity and prevention of forestUHV DQG RYHUJUD]LQJ 7KH UDGLR EURDGFDVWV DOVR VKDUHsuccessful experiences in using adaptation measures thatinclude traditional knowledge regarding indigenous plantsand using crops more resistant to changing climate andhigher temperatures.

As a complement to the radio broadcast initiative the rogramme organized several awareness campaigns and9 workshops for teachers and educational institutions on

The Problemural indigenous communities in the southern Andeanhighlands of erus Cusco and Apurmac regions havebeen hit hard by climate change. ndemic poverty and areliance on subsistence agriculture means that these remotecommunities cannot afford a bad harvest. et in recent

years sudden changes in weather are impacting traditionalcrops like potato maize and quinoa a grain high in proteinsand other valuable nutrients. n the anto oms iverBasin several problems related to natural resources haveemerged and include the following: inappropriate use ofZDWHUUHVRXUFHVIRUHVWDQGJUDVVODQGUHVRYHUJUD]LQJDQGdeforestation.

The Solutioniving at altitudes of over 000 meters these communitiesare far from urban knowledge hubs that are researchingsolutions for dealing with climate change and they largelyrely on the radio for information. ith this in mind the -RLQW3URJUDPPHRIWKH'*LQHEUXDU\ODXQFKHG

an integrated communications approach using nonformalinformation campaigns) and formal educational activitiesto build awareness about climate change and adaptationmeasures. he integrated approach included: the broadcast of

Radio and climate change meet in the Andes inPeru


21/91

13climate change so as to incorporate the issues into schoolcurriculum. ow that people are sensitized to climate changeand encouraged to manage their natural resources betterthere is more interest to maintain the broadcasts and moreappropriation of the rogramme by stakeholders. hilethe rogramme has ended three radio programmes arestill on air thanks to the support of local municipalities.n addition the municipalities are now using radio spotsto highlight climate change environmental protection andother social impacts. he awareness campaigns have alsobeen taken over by the local governments nvironmentalanagement nit.

inally international radio programmes on climate

change are also now being transmitted to eru via thePachamamanchista Munakusun broadcast.

Lessons Learnediven the location of these rural communities and limitedaccess to information the radio was considered to be the bestmedium for communication. owever to be sustainable thefocus needed to be not just on the radio programme itself butmore importantly on building the capacities to develop theprogramme using local skills and networks. or this reasonWKH-RLQW3URJUDPPHHPSKDVL]HGWKDWWKHUDGLRSURJUDPPHVneeded to be managed by the local communities. here wasalso a focus on training rural broadcasters who know thereality of the region. his gave more credibility to the stories

and also helped to capture audiences.

t was important to organize as well an awareness campaignin partnership with the local governments nvironmentalanagement nits. o make the campaign successful it wasimportant to create a work plan together with the city councilsand private and public institutions to avoid duplication andto coordinate on a yearly and strategic basis.

An important element of the rogramme was the inclusionof formal educational institutions. eachers were clearlyan important target audience for the rogramme as theywill teach the students the importance of protecting theenvironment and the adoption of responsible consuming

habits. owever any activity related to the work of theteachers has to be planned at the beginning of the schoolyear in order to ensure their presence.

Replicationhis initiative can be replicated in otherAndean regions and rural areas in order toinform and sensitize remote communities andauthorities about the importance of knowingand acting on climate change. hen replicating however itis important to consider the following: he need to implement an integrated communications

approach using nonformal radio and informationcampaigns) and formal educational activities tobuild awareness about climate change and adaptationmeasures.

he need to train rural radio broadcasters beforelaunching the radio programmes and to schedule the

broadcasts according to the agricultural calendar whichgives more credibility and will capture the interest of awider audience.

he need to build partnerships with the localgovernments nvironmental anagement nitswhose participation ensures the involvement of the localauthorities in combating climate change.

he need to identify and choose by agreement withcivil society the appropriate channels media modesand languages for each message in each area.

he need to involve educational institutions which arekey to assure the participation of youth in the awarenesscampaigns.

he need to strengthen the knowledge of the teachers

on climate change and environmental issues. eachersare important players for the sensitization of the youthand are the ones who instill the values in the students forprotecting the environment.

he need to plan any activity with the teachers atthe beginning of the school year so as to ensure theirparticipation.

For more informationn the lesson learned please see:http:wiki.mdgfund.netCCCommeru

Q-RLQW3URJUDPPH3HUXSOHDVHVHHhttp:wiki.mdgfund.netCCeru


22/91



23/91

15

CultivationofTarwi(upinusTarwi)inantoTomsRiverbasin,Cusco,PeruFlordeMariaV

illa/IntegratedandadaptivemanagementofenvironmentalresourcesandclimaticrisksinighAndeanmicro-watersheds(PeruJointProgramme)

Ecosystems Management is an approach tonatural resource management that focuseson sustaining ecosystems to meet bothecological and human needs in the future.It is adaptive to changing needs and newinformation and promotes the shared visionof a desired future by integrating social,environmental and economic perspectivesto managing geographically defined naturalecological systems.

Ecosystems

Management


24/91


The Solution7KH81-RLQW3URJUDPPHRIWKH'*FKRVHWRDGGUHVVthe challenges in the ellow iver basin by introducingagricultural practices that are both environmentally soundand resilient to climate change impacts. ne of the mosteffective measures was using multidisciplinary teams which

ZHUHPDGHXSRIQRWRQO\H[SHUWVLQWKHHOGRIDJULFXOWXUHEXW DOVR VSHFLDOLVWV LQ WKH HOGV RI ZDWHU PDQDJHPHQWclimate change environment and economics. hese teamsdeveloped solutions for sustainable and climate resilientagricultural production CA) which were proposed tothe Chinese overnment for implementation. he CAtakes into consideration climate change threats and the statusof natural resources so that agricultural yields are maximizedemissions and wastes are reduced and the negative impactsto ecosystems are minimized resulting in safe agriculturalpractices.

he strategy used achieved the following:. mproved coordination mechanisms between different

institutions and levels of work;2. esearch and analysis of the challenges that the

agricultural sector faces in relation to climate change

The Problemhe ellow iver or uang e is known as the cradleof civilization in China. As the second longest river in thecountry and the sixth longest in the world it runs over 5000kilometers and cuts through nine provinces. ts importanceand size are matched by the growing population living along

its riverbanks. But population pressure and increases inagricultural production have accelerated degradation of thenatural resources along the river. By 2000 about 2 percentof the ellow iver basin had already been urbanized withgroundwater extractions reaching threatening levels.

Climate change is impacting the already fragile waterresource changing the conditions for crop growth andaffecting crop yield with the possibility of changing thedistribution of crop species. Currently irrigated agriculturecovers 0 percent of the total area of the ellow iver basinbut consumes 95 percent of the water resources. ncreasinglyagriculture and downstream ecosystems are suffering fromwater shortages. rowing demand for industrial and urban

water supplies around the ellow iver basin is also causingincreased water pollution from wastewater.

Multi-disciplinary teams bring agriculturaladaptation to climate change in China

TheChinaClimateChangePartnershipFramework(CCCPF)/ChinaJointProgramme

)DUPHUZRUNLQJLQDGHPRQVWUDWLRQHOG&KLQD


25/91

17and natural resource use in four pilot provincesenan ingxia haanxi and handong). he researchrevealed a decline in water resources overextraction ofgroundwater loss of soil fertility salinization and soiland water pollution due to excessive use of fertilizers.

. A comprehensive needs and environmental assessmentWKDWLGHQWLHGWKH&(6$3SUDFWLFHVZKLFKFRXOGEHemployed in these and similar regions.

4. ver 000 farming households 400 technicians andORFDORIFLDOVZHUHJLYHQWUDLQLQJLQ&(6$3LQ pilot sites in the four pilot provinces in order to helpthem better understand the challenges posed by climatechange and natural resource degradation.

5. rovincial Action lans for CA on how to make

agriculture less polluting and more productive andresilient to climate change were prepared in each of thefour pilot provinces with the participation of farmersHOG WHFKQLFLDQV ORFDO DXWKRULWLHV DQG UHVHDUFKHUVhese plans were also shared at the national level toserve as examples for other provinces.

for implementing all the activities at theprovincial levels including delivery oftraining provision of technical advice andservices. hey also compiled the situationalanalysis reports that used information on theellow iver basin and focused on the biophysical socioeconomic and technological aspects provided by differentstakeholders.

ne of the main challenges was that the rogramme started inWKHPLGGOHRIWKH\HDULQVWHDGRILQ-DQXDU\ZKLFKZDVQRWLQsync with the crop cycle and required a major reorganizationRI WKH LQLWLDWLYH +RZHYHU KDYLQJ D H[LEOH DSSURDFK WRthe projects activities as well as committed participants

allowed the activities to be carried out successfully.

Replicationiven the farreaching impacts of climate change on differentparts of society and the economy a multidisciplinaryapproach is recommended for replication purposes.

6SHFLFDOO\ZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI&(6$3activities it is important to carefully identify the pilot sitesas there are many challenges associated with this includingthe ability of the rogramme to synchronize with crop cycles.nknown factors such as changing weather conditions canlead to the delay of activities. ue to such uncertaintiesfor implementing CA activities the following is

recommended:. dentify farmers and technicians who have a very strong

interest and are committed to both improving theiragricultural practices and dedicating their time to themultiple trainings necessary.

2. se awareness raising to ensure all participants areinformed of the requirements and potential delays inimplementing CA.

. $OORZIRUH[LELOLW\LQWKHSURMHFWVDFWLYLWLHVDQGWLPLQJWRallow for unplanned events such as bad weather.

For more informationn the lesson learned please see:http:wiki.mdgfund.netCCcosysgmtChina

Q-RLQW3URJUDPPH&KLQDSOHDVHVHHhttp:wiki.mdgfund.netCCChina

TheChinaClimateChangeP

artnershipFramework(CCCPF)/China

JointProgramme

astly the interagency relationships which wereestablished through the rogramme have allowed for bettercommunication and coordination of CA in the future.

Lessons Learnedhe main lesson learned is that in implementing climateresilient and environmentally sound agricultural production

it is necessary to have multidisciplinary teams. heintroduction of the CA approach was meant to helpthe formation of these teams which would be responsible

6HGLPHQWVRIWKH


26/91


Trends in forest ecosystems and their servicesin Senegal

GalynaAndrushko/hutterstock

%DREDE7UHH6HQHJDO

n order to strengthen national capacity and ensure thequality of assessing the condition and trends of forests in theFRXQWU\WKH-RLQW3URJUDPPHHVWDEOLVKHGZRUNLQJJURXSVWRconduct a forest biodiversity assessment. he groups werePDGHRIH[SHUWVIURPQDWLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQVZLWKGLYHUVLHGand relevant experience in forest conservation and supported

E\DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDOH[SHUW WRVWHHU WKHVFLHQWLFDFFXUDF\RIthe assessment. hese working groups were in turn guidedE\ D VFLHQWLF SDQHO LQ FKDUJH RI UHYLHZLQJ QGLQJV DQGfacilitating communication with policy makers.

he working groups were an innovative approach inenegal where all work in the past was focused aroundone task manager. As a result national organizations wereHPSRZHUHGDQGFRPPLWWHGWRWKHQGLQJVRIWKHDVVHVVPHQW

7KHRXWFRPHRIWKHQDODVVHVVPHQWKDVFRQWULEXWHGWRWKHdesign and recommendation to promote an ecotax policytool that will in the future when it is implemented help toimprove the overall management of the countrys forest.

The Problemenegal is known for its forests which cover 44 percentof the country of which percent is primary forest andrich in biodiversity. owever a dramatic decline in rainfallis contributing to frequent droughts which are threateningenegals natural resources such as forests. n addition to

the unfavorable climate human activities such as illegallogging and deforestation are also having a negative impacton the health of the countrys forests. ince 990 this estAfrican nation has been losing forest cover at an average ofover 4000 hectares per year.

The Solutionsing a communications campaign as well as a participatoryDSSURDFKWKH81-RLQW3URJUDPPHRIWKH'*UHFRJQL]HGthat for effective management of the countrys forests therewas an urgent need to monitor the changes in the forestHFRV\VWHPDQGLWVVLJQLFDQWGHFOLQH+RZHYHUWRDFKLHYHWKLVWKH-RLQW3URJUDPPHDOVRUHFRJQL]HGWKDWWKHFRXQWU\faced two challenges in this regard: a lack of accurate data

RQWKHIRUHVWVDQGDQLQVXIFLHQWFDSDFLW\WRHQVXUHUHJXODUmonitoring.


27/91

19Lessons Learnedhile there were good outcomes and the design of anecotax policy there were still a number of challengesto overcome. he major lesson learned was how to betterselect and engage the members of the working groups andensure their commitment in order to deliver a high qualityassessment. ome members of the working groups werenot fully engaged in the project or informed about it whentheir expertise was needed. ssues such as this had notEHHQDQWLFLSDWHGE\WKH-RLQW3URJUDPPHDQGDVDUHVXOWWKHTXDOLW\RIWKHQDODVVHVVPHQWFRXOGKDYHEHHQVWURQJHU

n addition the implementing partners were not selected in acompetitive process to ensure a high quality assessment nordid the international scientist provide enough guidance to theQDORXWFRPH$OORIWKLVUDLVHGFRQFHUQVDERXWWKHTXDOLW\RIthe overall assessment.

o address the quality issues of the results obtained remedialsteps were taken to implement a complementary assessment

with the focus as follows:. utcomes need to be upscaled so that they can reach

policymaking levels.

mber from a forestalexvav/hutterstock

2. he overall quality of the assessmenthas to be improved and has to have morerelevant data on forest trends.

. he assessment has to be closelymonitored by international experts onbiodiversity.

Replicationhere is a window for replication of this experience in othercountries with similar conditions. owever it should bedone with corrective measures to emphasize both nationalownership and capacitybuilding in order to ensure theTXDOLW\RIWKHQDOSURGXFW

%DVHGRQH[SHULHQFHLQWKH6HQHJDO-RLQW3URJUDPPHLWLVrecommended that replication of similar forest ecosystemassessments should consider the following in the designstages: 1DWLRQDOSDUWQHUVVKRXOGEHLGHQWLHGEDVHGRQH[SHUWLVH

and in a competitive process rather than through personalnetworks.

,Q WKH SURMHFWV ORJ IUDPH WKH QDQFLDO DOORFDWLRQ RIresources should go against the activity without theVSHFLFQDPHRIDSDUWQHULQVWLWXWLRQPHQWLRQHG7KHUHis a serious challenge to change an implementing partnerwhen expectations are raised due to the budget alreadyallocated in the project log frame.

rom the early stage of preparation constant quality

assessment of the outcomes with the effectivebackstopping of implementing partners is needed.

For more informationn the lesson learned please see:http:wiki.mdgfund.netCCcosysgmtenegal

Q-RLQW3URJUDPPH6HQHJDOSOHDVHVHHhttp:wiki.mdgfund.netCCenegal


28/91



29/91

21

PartoftheCoal-G

angueBrickWasteeatRecoveryPowerGeneration(WRPG)boileratXinrongpilotplantTheChinaClimateChangePartnershipFramework(C

CCPF)/ChinaJointProgramme

Energy is an inter-sectoral issue that cutsacross the traditional divides of manydevelopment projects and programmes,therefore providing a good entry pointfor joint efforts. However, the technicalterminology and the engineering aspects ofenergy projects can act as a communicationsbarrier in such cross-sectoral work. Indesigning projects it is important to focus onthe development services that energy makespossible. Clean water, better health care,improved communications, and employmentopportunities are all made possible byenergy. These and other services have tobe put in the forefront of the Programmesdesign.

Energy


30/91


multiprong approach was chosen for tackling these energyLVVXHVZLWKDKHDY\HPSKDVLVRQHQHUJ\HIFLHQF\((DQGrenewable energy sources ) in public buildings.

he focus on public buildings was deemed a high priority forthree major reasons:

. %XLOGLQJVDUHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUDVLJQLFDQWDPRXQWRIWKHcountrys overall energy consumption;2. 7KHVWDQGDUGVRIHIFLHQF\DUHTXLWHORZVRWKHUHODWLYH

EHQHWVRIDQ\XSJUDGHDUHKLJK. ocal authorities and other stakeholders want to

mainstream these issues in a comprehensive manner.

*UDQWZLQGRZVZHUHLQWURGXFHGZLWKLQWKH-RLQW3URJUDPPHfor municipalities to implement projects in publicfacilities and 2 projects were implemented in thermalinsulation biomass furnaces solar panels and streetlighting.

unicipalities were also strongly encouraged to think

DQG DFW VWUDWHJLFDOO\ 7KH -RLQW 3URJUDPPHVXSSRUWHG WKHdevelopment of ustainable nergy Action lans As)LQYHPXQLFLSDOLWLHVDQG/RFDO(QYLURQPHQW$FWLRQ3ODQV

The Problem%RVQLDDQG+HU]HJRYLQDVXIIHUVIURPVLJQLFDQWHFRQRPLFDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOORVVHVEHFDXVHRIWKHORZHQHUJ\HIFLHQF\standards found in both residential and publiclymanagedbuildings which typically have very high expenditures. nDGGLWLRQ RZQHUV DQG GHFLVLRQPDNHUV DUH QRW VXIFLHQWO\

aware of the situation nor equipped to properly control orPDQDJHWKHVHHQHUJ\FRVWVPRUHHIFLHQWO\

As a country in economic transition Bosnia and erzegovinaFDQQRWDIIRUGWRKDYHLQHIFLHQWXVHRIHQHUJ\ZKLFKGLUHFWO\counters efforts to reduce poverty. he latest studies showthat energy consumption within the building sector comprisesSHUFHQWRIWKHFRXQWU\VWRWDOHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQ7KHsame rate for the uropean nion stands at 40 percent. uchstatistics become even more important in the global contextFRQVLGHULQJ WKDW WKH EXLOGLQJ VHFWRU LV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU percent of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions.

The Solution7KH PDLQ REMHFWLYH RI WKH DFWLYLWLHV RI WKH 81 -RLQWrogramme under the was to reduce fossil fuel usagedecrease C

2emissions and reduce energy costs in public

buildings that would also cut public expenditure. A unique

Energy efficiency and renewable energy sourcesin Bosnia and Herzegovina

AlisaGrabus/NPBosniaanderzegovina

7KHUPDOVRODUFROOHFWRUVDW6SRUWVDQG&XOWXUH&HQWUHLQ7X]OD%RVQLDDQG+HU]HJRYLQD


31/91

23/($3V LQ PXQLFLSDOLWLHV DQG PDGH VXUH WKDW HQHUJ\issues were given a high priority.

o build in sustainability an nergy anagementnformation ystem ) was set up so that informationof each local project could be entered into a nationaldatabase to highlight the best practices for replication. helongterm objective is to provide the software to themunicipalities so that all public buildings and facilities areintegrated into the centralized system. he comprehensivedata set generated by this system will then be used to monitornationwide energy consumption trends and to encouragefuture efforts in both the public and private sectors.

uropean nion ) integration remains a strong motivationfor measures in Bosnia and erzegovina and theauthorities realize that they must raise their local standardsto meet the international requirements.

Lessons Learnedhen it comes to environmental protection and particularlyenergy issues it is not necessarily true that bigger is better i.e. largescale projects and investments are not necessarilythe best solutions. n many cases such as in Bosnia anderzegovina several smallerscale projects can have agreater impact and be invaluable role models to the rest ofthe country.

he initiative showed that the energy sector does notnecessarily have to be solely the jurisdiction of higherlevelauthorities. t also showed that there are issues which arenot exclusively solved through capital infrastructure projectsbut rather can be effectively addressed via smallerscaleinvestments which often have shorter payback periodsDQG PRUH GHFHQWUDOL]HG LPSDFWV ZKLFK EHQHW WKH ORFDOcommunities better.

Another lesson learned is the importance of mainstreamingnew approaches such as in a systematic way whichallows for greater uptake and sustainability. he greatestLPSDFWDFKLHYHGE\WKH-RLQW3URJUDPPHLVWKDWVWDNHKROGHUVDW DOO OHYHOV LQ WKH *RYHUQPHQW DUH QDOO\SOD\LQJ D UROH

and taking responsibility for the sector. t is also clear that measures help to reduce poverty in the region asmunicipalities and individuals are spending less on energycosts.

inally the importance of local ownershipand responsibility cannot be understated. Aprime example is that personnel from localcommunities were the ones who actuallymaintain the database which showsWKH VXFFHVVRIWKLVDSSURDFK 7KLV LVDOVR UHHFWHGE\ WKHORFDOPXQLFLSDOLWLHV ZKR ZHUHFRQDQFLQJ WKHLUSURMHFWVand thereby claiming ownership of the energy issues in theirregions.

Replication7KH -RLQW 3URJUDPPHV HQHUJ\ FRPSRQHQWV KDYH VWURQJpossibilities for replication within the country andworldwide especially in locations that are undergoing

economic transition have outdated public infrastructureRUODFNDWUDGLWLRQRIHQHUJ\HIFLHQF\DQGWKHUHIRUHKDYHplenty of room for improvement).

he As and A are concepts borrowed from othercountries and have been designed for easy duplication inother locations. n fact both types of strategic plans havealready started to spread around the country as otherPXQLFLSDOLWLHVVHHWKHEHQHWVWRORQJWHUPSODQQLQJHYHQin the energy sector.

he pilot projects provide practical examples on how toproperly implement measures from such plans regardless ofthe location. n a place like Bosnia and erzegovina they

serve as innovative ideas for other towns to follow. At theVDPHWLPHORFDOFRPPXQLWLHVFDQQDOO\FODLPRZQHUVKLSof their energy issues without having to wait for higherlevelintervention or largescale investments and donations.

For more informationn the lesson learned please see:h t t p : w i k i . m d g f u n d . n e t C C n e r g y Bosniaanderzegovina

Q-RLQW3URJUDPPH%RVQLDDQG+HU]HJRYLQDSOHDVHVHHhttp:wiki.mdgfund.netCCBosniaanderzegovina


32/91


The Probleminding a taxi in Cairo gypts largest city is never aproblem. otaling 0000 they are easy to spot. But theirvast numbers also contribute to the daily gridlock and theirfumes leave the driver the passengers and the city strugglingfor clean air. he taxis are part of the more than .5 million

YHKLFOHVSROOXWLQJWKLVDQFLHQWFLW\RIRYHUPLOOLRQSHRSOHhe transportation sector alone emits 2 percent of the totalgreenhouse gases in the country.

%XWNQRZLQJWKHSUREOHPLVHDVLHUWKDQQGLQJWKHVROXWLRQpgrading these old taxis most of which were over 5 yearsold and suffer from frequent breakdowns is far too costlyfor individual drivers. oreover building social awarenessIRUHQHUJ\HIFLHQWFDUVLQDFRXQWU\ZKHUHHQHUJ\LVKLJKO\VXEVLGL]HGE\WKH*RYHUQPHQWLVGLIFXOW

The Solutionith the aim to expand gypts access to the global carbontrading market as a way to reduce the burden of overnment

subsidies in the energy sector and mitigate against climatechange the gyptian overnment targeted the transportationVHFWRUZKHUHROGYHKLFOHVZHUHDVLJQLFDQWVRXUFHRIFDUERQemissions.

Egypt tackles climate change through energy-efficient transportation

1HZWD[LVLQ&DLUR(J\SW

ClimateChangeRiskManagementinEgypt(CCRMP)/EgyptJointProgramme

he gyptian nvironmental Affairs Agency AA) had atUVWWDUJHWHGWKHFRXQWU\VSROOXWLQJWD[LVLQDSLORWSURMHFWLQZKHQWD[LVZHUHXSJUDGHGUHVXOWLQJLQDUHGXFWLRQof nearly 2000 tons of C

2equivalent over a tenyear

period.

he success of the project brought in other institutions suchas the inistry of inance which approached the orldBank in 200 for assistance on submitting the project to the ramework Convention on Climate Change CCC)for carbon credits.

7KH (J\SWLDQ *RYHUQPHQW ZRUNLQJ ZLWK WKH 81 -RLQWrogramme of the helped to strengthen the reductionof greenhouse gases by establishing a Clean evelopmentechanism C) Awareness and romotion nit withinthe AA to support the C project registration. hiswas done mainly by providing technical assistance for thelengthy and specialized registration process.

As a result the C Awareness and romotion nitsupported the registration of the ehicle crapping andecycling rogramme with the goal to reduce C

2emissions


33/91

25E\ UHSODFLQJ ROG LQHIFLHQW YHKLFOHV ZLWK QHZ RQHV DQGthe scrapping of the old vehicles. After three years in theregistration process the C Awareness and romotionnit succeeded to formally register the programme withthe CCC as a carbon credit initiative which was theUVW&'UHJLVWHUHGWUDQVSRUWSURMHFWZRUOGZLGH,QRYHUWD[LVZHUHUHSODFHGZLWKQHZHQHUJ\HIFLHQWcars. he remaining old taxis in Cairo are now expected tobe upgraded with the aim to reduce carbon emissions by .4million tons over the next decade. oday the streets of Cairohum with new taxis that offer more comfort and a cleanercity.

Another impact of the ehicle crapping and ecycling

rogramme was that its visible success has led to positivespinoffs in gypts energy sector and the drive towardsa greener economy. hrough the political support of thenational upreme nergy Council C) this initiative nowVHUYHV DV D PRGHO WR LQVWLWXWLRQDOL]H DQ HQHUJ\HIFLHQF\programme in two other sectors: housing and tourism. Aftermonitoring the experiences in these sectors over the next twoyears it is hoped that similar measures will be implementedin all energyconsuming sectors.

Lessons Learnedhere were several challenges to overcome. ne came atthe community level. any people were concerned aboutD QRQSURW RUJDQL]DWLRQ OLNH WKH &' $ZDUHQHVV DQG

romotion nit trying to reduce greenhouse gases which arenot included in the countrys environmental compliance law.+RZHYHUWKH81-RLQW3URJUDPPHFRQWULEXWHGWRLPSURYHGDZDUHQHVVRQWKHEHQHWVRIFDUERQWUDGLQJDQGDVDUHVXOWhelped to win the support at the community level. n factthe ehicle crapping and ecycling rogramme managedto gain the political support of the inisters of the C thekey national policymaking institution for approving energyHIFLHQF\DFWLYLWLHV

$QRWKHUOHVVRQOHDUQHGLV WKDWHQHUJ\HIFLHQWSURJUDPPHVare most successful when there is a centralized technicalsupport like the C Awareness and romotion nitwithin the overnment. his unit was a key player able to

act as a networking agent to promote carbon trading and atthe same time provided a highlevel of expertise in obtainingthe registration approval of the CCC.

Replicationhe experiences of the C Awarenessand romotion nit show that such energyprogrammes are feasible but only througha centralized technical unit that can be anetworking agent to promote carbon trading. By ensuringthat such measures are implemented through the existinggovernance framework longterm sustainability can beensured. oreover the technical unit in gypt was notreliant on external support only but rather it was set up aspart of the national governance framework and now has ahigh level of expertise and domestic ownership.

n addition although pilot projects are important in creating

FRQGHQFH DQG SURYLQJ VXFFHVV WKH VXFFHVV RQ LWV RZQcannot guarantee further replicability without having strongpolitical support. he positive example of success showcasedthrough the ehicle crapping and ecycling rogrammenot only helped to gain interest and support in further Cprojects but also helped to gain political support in the Cwhich proved key to the rogrammes success.

inally in terms of energy goals the lesson in gypt is veryrelevant to countries which have similar energy systems i.e. energy that is highly subsidized by the overnmentPDNLQJ LW GLIFXOW WR FUHDWH LQWHUHVW LQ HQHUJ\ HIFLHQF\improvements. n such a case there is a need to createpositive incentives on both demand and supply sides in order

WRHQFRXUDJHFKDQJHLQEHKDYLRUWRZDUGVHQHUJ\HIFLHQF\

For more informationn the lesson learned please see:http:wiki.mdgfund.netCCnergygypt

Q-RLQW3URJUDPPH(J\SWSOHDVHVHHhttp:wiki.mdgfund.netCCgypt


34/91



35/91

27

AimalKhaurin/AIEMAfghanistan

EnvironmentalubCommitteeTraininginerat,A

fghanistanAimalKhaurin/trengthenedApproachfortheIntegrationofustainableEnvironmentalManagementintotheAN/PRP(AIEM)/AfghanistanJointProgramme

A key challenge for the MDG-Fs success isthe mainstreaming of environmental concernsand poverty reduction measures into nationaland sub-national development plans,programmes and budgets. Mainstreaming is aslow, multi-year process, requiring capacity-building, the generation and communicationof evidence, and institutional coordination.It also requires persistence, flexibility, andattention to detail. Governments aroundthe world, and the wider internationaldevelopment community, can take inspirationfrom the successful examples highlightedin this booklet, which demonstrate thatmainstreaming is possible.

EnvironmentalMainstreamingand Governance


36/91


%HIRUH WKH 81 -RLQW 3URJUDPPH RI WKH '* ZDVlaunched in the country at the end of 2009 only of the 42municipalities about 40) had adopted As or were inWKHSURFHVVRIDGRSWLQJRQH$VDUHVXOWWKH-RLQW3URJUDPPHfelt that the A process needed to be reexamined andupdated and established that the two main areas in A

GHYHORSPHQWLQQHHGRIFKDQJHZHUHDSSURDFKHVIRUGHQLQJproblems goals and measures and public participation.

7KH3URJUDPPHVHOHFWHGPXQLFLSDOLWLHV IRUGHYHORSLQJrevamped As that would empower local authorities andWKH FRPPXQLW\ WR QG VROXWLRQVRQHQYLURQPHQWDO LVVXHVrather than wait for topdown remedies from the nationalovernment.

Lessons Learnedt became clear during implementation that upgrading theA methodology was not the only thing necessary. hecoordination between the national and local levels and therole of As within the wider strategic planning processes

had to be addressed as well.

Based on the experience of the country while harmonizingnational and community processes is critically important it

The Problemhile Bosnia and erzegovina is slowly transitioningfrom a socialist statecentered model it is a countryWKDW LQ UHFHQW \HDUV KDV PDGH VLJQLFDQW VWULGHV WRZDUGVeconomic stabilization and national cohesion. heenvironment however has typically never been a priority

and instead has suffered from inadequate environmentalpolicies poorly developed management negligible publicparticipation in environmental decisionmaking and a lackof reliable information and data. ndeed the environmentalsector is critically stagnant and represents one of the mostserious obstacles on the countrys road to uropean nionintegration.

The Solutionhe development of ocal nvironmental Action lansAs) is an established method of strategic planningfor addressing issues concerning how society affects itsenvironment. hile As have long become a part of thelegislative landscape in Bosnia and erzegovina they have

QRWEHHQDGHTXDWHO\HQIRUFHGQRUKDYHVXIFLHQWLQFHQWLYHVbeen introduced to support compliance.

Environmental planning for protectingBosnia and Herzegovina, one town at a time

Photoman29/hutterstoc

k

)ORFNRIVKHHSQHDUDPRXQWDLQRXVYLOODJHLQ%RVQLD


37/91

29LVLQIDFWYHU\GLIFXOWWRDFKLHYH1XPHURXVDGPLQLVWUDWLYHlayers complicate any integration efforts. As a result thefocus of the initiative has had to be directed on buildingOLQNDJHVDQGLQIRUPDWLRQRZVWRHQVXUHWKDWQDWLRQDOSROLF\is effectively interpreted and implemented at the local leveland conversely that locallevel experiences feed into andLQXHQFHKLJKHUOHYHOSROLF\GHYHORSPHQW

t also became apparent in implementation that simplySXVKLQJPXQLFLSDOLWLHV WR FUHDWH D/($3LV LQVXIFLHQWE\itself if it is not framed within a longerterm context. nsteadwhat is needed is for them to be continually exposed tostrategicplanning principles over a period of several yearsand covering a range of sectors. nly after such exposure

ZRXOG WKH\ EHDEOH WR UHDOL]H QRW MXVW WKH EHQHW RIVXFKmethods but also actually be able to continue to develop suchplans without the need for outside guidance or assistanceperhaps even being able to offer their expertise to mentorneighboring municipalities wishing to develop their ownAs or other strategies.

urthermore it was found that showing by doing is apowerful approach to ensuring the sustainability of theoutcomes of the initiative. By highlighting municipalities

which are now successfully able to institute planningSURFHVVHV RQ WKHLU RZQ DQG WKRVH ZKLFK KDYH EHQHWHGin capacity andor funding through such endeavors it isexpected that other municipalities will follow suit.

Georgetiff/NPBosniaanderzegovina

&DSDFLW\EXLOGLQJWUDLQLQJVIRUPXQLFLSDOWHDPV%RVQLDDQG+HU]HJRYLQD

t was found that overall the four keyingredients for a municipality to more easilydevelop its own A are:. eal support from the municipal

administration to enact positive change;2. Active nonmunicipal stakeholders willing and capable

to contribute meaningfully;. $QH[SHULHQFHGVWDIIOHGE\DFRQGHQWFRRUGLQDWRUDQG4. A champion that other municipalities can learn from in

a peertopeer process.

Replicationven outside the context of Bosnia and erzegovina it isclear that the sustainability of strategicplanning processes

and of As in particular needs to be addressed in a waythat emphasizes the necessity of linking the developmentprocess to the actual implementation. otential opportunitiesexist for resolving this issue by stressing the need for themunicipalities to prioritize environmental action in theirbudgets and also by underscoring to higherlevel donorsactors the need for them to provide municipalities withfunding windows to bridge budgetary gaps that they areXQDEOHWRQDQFHRQWKHLURZQ

or replication the following is recommended:. he A development should be tied to budgeting

processes followups with concrete action and detailedreviews and revisions for branching out with strategic

planning practices into other sectors.2. trategic planning processes such as As should be

championed with experienced local authorities actingas mentors to others while also advocating the longterm value of environmental protection.

For more informationn the lesson learned please see:h t t p : w i k i . m d g f u n d. n e t C C n v ai n s t r Bosniaanderzegovina

Q -RLQW 3URJUDPPH %RVQLD +HU]HJRYLQD SOHDVH VHHhttp:wiki.mdgfund.netCCBosniaanderzegovina


38/91


Mauritania converts national policies intoconcrete action on natural resource management

The Solution7KH 81 -RLQW 3URJUDPPH WDUJHWHG WKH WKUHH UHJLRQV RIrarza Brakna Assaba which were selected based on avulnerability survey done by the orld ood rogramme) nited ations Childrens und C) Aand the nited ations evelopment rogrammenited

ations nvironment rogramme overty and nvironmentnitiative ).

7KH-RLQW3URJUDPPHLQLWLDWLYHWRRNRQH\HDUWRSODQZLWKthe following objectives:. o implement participative environmental and poverty

reduction projects designed to achieve the sustainablemanagement of natural resources and the promotion ofhygiene and sanitation while giving priority to nationalownership and sustainable development.

2. o enhance national capacity for the improvedmainstreaming of environmental challenges into the centraland decentralized planning processes.

. o enhance income generation and livelihoods and combat

poverty with the improved management of the countrysnatural resources.

The Problemauritania remains among the worlds poorest countriesdespite being rich in natural resources. rarza BraknaAssaba are three regions in the country that highlightauritanias overall plight: high poverty rates recurrentGURXJKW GHVHUWLFDWLRQ IRRG LQVHFXULW\ SUHVVXUH RQ

natural resources lack of environmental infrastructure andLQVXIFLHQWFDSDFLW\WRDGGUHVVWKHVHSUREOHPVDWWKHSROLF\level.

ince 2000 the auritanian overnment had designed manyenvironmental policies to meet the illennium evelopmentoals but they have not been implemented and instead themost vulnerable populations have continued to suffer fromthe growing degradation of natural resources. nstead thefocus has been on paper plans with little practical impact.et environmental mainstreaming is not just about includingenvironmental issues into policies or plans but rather thegoal is to institutionalize this way of thinking so that itbecomes normalized not only on paper but also through

actions and changes in peoples habits.

e-afforestaton ste n Brette, aurtana

MainstreamingocalEnvironmentalManagementinthePlanningProcess/MauritaniaJointProgramme


39/91

31ith this approach positive results were achieved andthe local communities in the three targeted areas wereempowered. isible results of the initiative include: 00hectares of dunes were stabilized; 295 hectares of pasturesZHUHUHVWRUHGDQGQRZSURWHFWHGKHFWDUHVRIODQGKDVbeen restored and managed in the delta region; and 2000people now have access to drinkable water.

he impact of the s coordinated work on the groundalso resulted in the realization on the part of the national andsubnational partners that crosssectoral and governmentcoordination can lead to more effective natural resourcemanagement and poverty reduction. he improved dialogueand work between all sectors has brought change to the most

vulnerable and poorest areas of the country and successfullyreversed the trend of natural resource degradation withstronger policies that have resulted in tangible actions.

Additionally despite the initial challenges in workingtogether the seven agencies who were involved inWKH 3URJUDPPH KDYH QRZ DIUPHG WKHLU FRPPLWPHQW WRcontinuing their joint work even beyond the current fundedproject.

Lessons Learned7KHRXWFRPHRIWKHDXULWDQLD-RLQW3URJUDPPHKDGWKUHHmain lessons:. nvironmental mainstreaming can be considered

successful not simply if this appears in policies but alsoonce the norms have been institutionalized and peoplechoose to continue the approachactivities even afterthe formal end of a project. o enhance this possibilitydomestic ownership at all levels from the national tothe local) should be emphasized throughout the projectslifecycle through participatory mechanisms.

2. Best practices from pilot projects at the local levelshould be included into key local planning documentssuch as ocal Agenda 2 which can help to orientatefuture natural resource management in a way which isnot dependent on external help.

. agencies not only improved their coordinationPHFKDQLVPVGXULQJWKHOLIHF\FOHRIWKH-RLQW3URJUDPPH

but also recognized that there is still substantial room forimprovement in implementing their joint initiatives. Bycommitting themselves to continuing to work together

they will improve upon their learningand also enhance the results of futureprogrammes.

Replication7KHH[SHULHQFHJDLQHGE\WKHDXULWDQLD-RLQW3URJUDPPHcan be useful to others who would like to enhance the valueof environmental mainstreaming to normalize the conceptand go the next step in developing concrete interventions.

he key factors to consider in replication are:. ainstreaming the environment into policies or

VWUDWHJLHV LV D QHFHVVDU\ EXW QRW VXIFLHQW SDUW RIensuring better environmental and natural resource

management. ainstreaming on paper can and must besupplemented by concrete interventions that recognizepovertyenvironment linkages. he best practicesGHULYHGIURPWKHVHHOGDFWLYLWLHVFDQEHXVHGDVDEDVLVfor further replication.

2. wnership of environmental mainstreaming activit

seeds of knowledge - contributing to climate change solutions

Documents