seed production of maize
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WELCOME
![Page 2: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
QUALITY SEED
PRODUCTION IN MAIZE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
![Page 3: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Presented By
Shantanu Jadhav
Registration No.
AKN-2011/37
Prof. Incharge
Prof. S. Sonawane
![Page 4: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Credit Distrubution of Exeperiential Learning Programme
AEL-AGRO-4813 Sr. No. Name of the Discipline Alloted Credit Teacher Name 1 Agronomy 0+14 Prof. Sonawane S. V. 2 Agril Botany 0+1 Prof. Bornare S. 3 Agril Engg 0+1 Prof. Gadge 4 Agril Entomology 0+1 Prof. Ugale T. B. 5 Plant Pathology 0+1 Prof Deshmukh H.V. 6 Agril Econ 0+1 7 Extension Education 0+1 Prof Hadole S.M.
![Page 5: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
![Page 6: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
Scientific Name – Zea mays Family – PoaceaeMaize is one of the important cereal crop in the
world grown over an area of 132 Mha with a production of 570 m.t. It is the crop with the highest productivity.
Maize is serving as staple food for vulnerable segment of the population as feed crop and also important source of raw material used in numerous industrial material.
![Page 7: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Maize is cultivated during June – July, September- October and January - February seasons
Sowing during November – December is suitable for seed production, since seed maturity stage will not coincide with rainfall
During early stage of this crop, water stagnation should be avoided.
![Page 8: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Isolation Distance
Since maize is a cross pollinated crop, it is necessary to isolate seed field from maize crops of any other variety.
The seed field must be isolated at least by 400 meters for foundation seed class, and 200 metres for certified class seed from seed of other varieties of maize
![Page 9: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Field Preparation
After pre-sowing irrigation, prepare the land as soon as it is ploughable to a good tilth.
Usually one ploughing , two to three harrowings followed by leveling, is sufficient to prepare the field to the desired tilth.
![Page 10: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sowing operation
Time of Sowing The best time for sowing maize is two
weeks prior to the onset of the monsoon. Maize is usually sown from the second week of June to mid- July.
Source of seed Obtain nucleus/breeders/foundation seed
from a source by a seed certification agency.
![Page 11: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Method of Sowing Maize is sown in rows with the help of a maize
planter, or is dibbed by hand in furrows. The depth of seeding should be from five to six cm.
Spacing Row to row 60to 75 cm, plant to plant 20to 22.5
cm
Seed rate 16 to 18 kg per hectare
![Page 12: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Seed treatment
To control the fungal disease treat the seed with thiram at 2g/kg seed.
One day after treat the seeds with 600 g of Azospirillum and shade dry for 15 minutes.
SowingSow the seeds at 1/3rd of ridge from the bottomAdopt a spacing of 10 cm from plant to plant and
sow two seeds per hill.
![Page 13: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Irrigation
Up to 30 days, less irrigation is given.
Then it is necessary to irrigate once in 10 days.
Smooth silk will emerge out from the cob after fertilization.
![Page 14: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Fertilizer application
Apply 25 tonnes of FYM per ha.
At time of sowing apply 40 kg N, 60 kg P and 40 kg K per ha as basal dose.
After 40-45 days of sowing apply 40 kg N per ha.
![Page 15: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Micronutrient deficiency
Zn and Mg deficiency occurs - leaves.
Apply ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/ha as basal fertilizer.
Apply micronutrient mixture @ 62.5/ha mixed with 40 kg sand, after sowing the seeds.
![Page 16: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Weed management
Take two hand weedings on 25 and 45 days after sowing.
After weeding, apply fertilizer as top dressing and do the earthing up operation.
Herbicides can also be applied. Spraying of Atrazin 500 g mixed in 1000 lit water and life irrigation on third day controls the weeds in maize fields..
![Page 17: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ROUGINGGenerally rouging is done three times in maize. First rouging should be done during vegetative stage,
based on the height of the plant, colour of petiole and colour of leaf.
During flowering stage, second rouging is done based on colour of tassel and silk.
Finally, before harvest, based on colour of seed and cob characteristics, rouging can be done.
During drying of the cobs, rouging of cob based on seed colour and seed row will maintain the genetic purity.
![Page 18: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Plant Protection
Insect Control
Disease Control
![Page 19: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Insect Control
Shoot fly - 2ml of endosulphan in 1l of H2O.
Stem Borer - carbofuran granules @ 7.5 kg per acre @ 2 granules per plant
Shoot fly – 2ml of endosulphan in 1 liter of water.
Stem Borer – carbofuran granules @ 7.5 kg per acre @ 2 granules per plant
![Page 20: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Disease Control
Downy Mildew: Metalaxyl 72 WP @ 1 kg/ha, or Mancozeb 1
kg ha-1 20 days after sowing.
Leaf Spot: Spray Mancozeb or Captan 1 kg/ha.
![Page 21: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Downy mildew Leaf spot
![Page 22: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
HARVESTING OF MAIZE EARS
Maize ears can be harvested at relatively high moisture content (30 -35%) if the facilities for artificial heated air drying are available .
If such facilities are not available the harvesting has to be delayed until the seed moisture contend has been reduced to 15%.
An early harvest prevent loss in the field due to the bird damage, stalk breakage, ear rots, etc.
![Page 23: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Sorting and drying of Maize Ears
After harvest, sort out all off type maize ears , particularly thoes showing different colour and texture, and diseased ears, before placing them in bin to dry.
A good sorting at this time considerably reduced task of sorting after the maize ears have been dried to the desired extent (10-12%moisture content )
![Page 24: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
SHELLINGSeeds can be separated by mechanical means. For
this operation, moisture content should be around 15 per cent for seed and 25 per cent for cob
By maintaining the moisture at this level, mechanical damage can be avoided. Seeds can also be separated from cob by beating with sticks
If the seeds are not in appropriate moisture content, occurrence of mechanical damage may occur to an extent of 48 per cent. Seeds with mechanical damage may invite fungal attack.
![Page 25: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
SEED DRYING
Reducing the moisture content To retain their viability Moisture content – 7% Temperature – 40° C Avoid - Drying under hot sun
![Page 26: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
SEED GRADING
To maintain the quality from one season to the next * Other crop seeds * Weed seeds (especially herbicide resistant
weeds) * Straw, soil dust and other inert material. * Immature, shriveled, damaged, cracked,
undersized or oversized seedYield = 1500 Kg /ha
![Page 27: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
SEED STORAGE
Dry the seeds to 12% moisture content and treat with Captan or Thiram 75 per cent wettable powder @ 70g per 100 kg seeds mixed in 500 ml of water
Treated seed packed in cloth bag can be stored for more than one year. Seeds dried up to 8 per cent moisture, treated with above chemicals and packed in moisture vapour proof polyethylene bag can be stored for 1½ years
Instead of toxic chemicals, you can also use nontoxic chemicals like halogen mixture for seed treatment. This will reduce the environmental pollution and ensures safety to the person engaged in seed treatment.
![Page 28: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
SEED CERTIFICATION
Genetic purity: Seed gives rise to a plant of the same varietal
characteristics
Physical purity: Seed is free from stones, broken seeds, straw bits
and leaf bits etc.,
Physiological purity: Germination and vigour
![Page 29: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
SEED STANDARDSFACTOR MAXIMUM PERMITTED (%)
Physical purity 98%Inert matter 2%Other crop seeds 10/KgGermination (minimum) 80%MoistureFor moisture vapor pervious
12%
For moisture vapour proof containers 8%
FIELD STANDARDS
FACTOR MAXIMUM PERMITTED(%)Off types (%) maximum 0.5%Shedding tassel (%) maximum 1.0%
![Page 30: Seed production of maize](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061523/55c355e4bb61eb0a7e8b45c4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
THANK YOU
SHANTANU JADH
AV