sedimentology & stratigraphy: 3d modelling/reconstruction of depositional systems...
TRANSCRIPT
Sedimentology & Stratigraphy:
• 3D modelling/reconstruction of depositional systems– Accommodation space, subsidence rate, sea- level and sediment
transport
• Immersive reservoir visualisation– e.g. Hive, Cave, Visionarium...
• Fundamentals– Database of good stratigraphic/biostratigraphic framework
– Sedimentology on core/logs
Sedimentology & Stratigraphy:Present status
• 3D modelling/reconstruction of depositional systems– Accommodation space, subsidence rate, sea- level and sediment
transport
• Immersive reservoir visualisation– e.g. Hive, Cave, Visionarium...
• Fundamentals– Database of good stratigraphic/biostratigraphic framework
– Sedimentology on core/logs
Sedimentology & Stratigraphy:Technology Gaps
• Møre and Vøring basins– ’Immature’ understanding of reservoir and source rock distribution (not
many wells)
• Description of reservoir heterogeneities & true 3D models– Geologically relevant upscaling to test the effects of merging
heterogeneities at different scales into a geological meaningful model. – True 3D models giving a definition of the palaeotopography
• Age dating & sedimentology expertise– Maintain biostratigraphy expertise– Norway has few consultant firms offering sedimentology or
biostratigraphic expertise compared to UK/USA.
Sedimentology & Stratigraphy:Future Focus
• Calibration in underexplored basins: – Gathering data on stratigraphy, reservoir, source rock and thermal
history in immature areas will spur research activity, and reduce exploration uncertainty.
• High resolution reservoir characterization: – Integration of high resolution 3D sedimentological models into
simulation will preserve detailed field heterogeneities, increase our understanding of reservoir performance and increase ultimate field recovery.
Structural Geology:Present status
• In areas of poor seismic quality the interpretation of accumulations, reservoir presence and assessment of compartmentalization of the reservoirs is often difficult.
• Fault seal analysis has not evolved significantly during the last decade. – Both in exploration and in field production our ability to predict fault
behaviour is poor even though several commercial applications exist.
• Predicting reservoir performance in fractured reservoirs (e.g. chalk) is also still a challenge in the industry.
Structural Geology:Technology Gaps
• Understanding the structural evolution in complex or obscured areas is limited by the quality of seismic data. – Our focus in these areas should address the proper acquisition and
processing of high-resolution seismic data.
• Predicting the reservoir performance in fractured reservoirs (e.g. chalk) is also still a challenge in the industry. – Integrated interpretation of data from drilling engineering, logging and
seismic is needed in order to close the gap in this area.
• Improvements in seismic data volumes and interpretation tools will increase the accuracy of structural/fault interpretation and reduce drilling and prospect risk. – The integration of this high-resolution data into geomodels and
simulation models remains a challenge, and advances in software handling are needed.
Structural Geology:Future Focus
• Behaviour of faults and fractures on reservoir performance: – Development of an integrated tool to handle both clastic and carbonate
fault seal analysis, drilling engineering, logging, and seismic data.
• Fractured reservoirs, improved image log interpretation: – Derive fracture permeability from image logs by integrating mud loss
information from drilling records.
Geomechanics:Present status
• Geomechanics has mostly been used in a reactive mode in the industry, often in response to drilling problems in field developments.– The geomechanics software applications around drilling and wells are
well established.
• Sand production evaluations for optimising completion design.
• The use of geomechanics in reservoir performance prediction is only rarely applied currently and is often poorly linked to the geomechanical processes over geologic time.
Geomechanics:Technology Gaps
• At present there is a lack of fully integrated geomechanics software for the oil industry and the work flows/’best practices’ for interpretation are not well established.
• In high pressure environments there is a higher risk that depletion will cause large changes in stress leading to drilling challenges. – In order to investigate high pressure and temperature effects the
laboratories have to develop the capability to simulate the same extreme stress conditions that exist in nature.
Geomechanics:Future Focus
• Integrated geomechanics ‘software/work flows’: – Make the geomechanics interpretation part of a truly integrated
reservoir modelling work flow.
• Develop a tool to directly measure pore pressure in shale (low permeability rock): – Improve well design by providing real, instead of predicted pressure
data.
Reservoir Simulation & Modelling:
• A strong Norwegian environment has developed internationally renowned reservoir building and modelling software.
• Integration of different data types is continuously advancing such that oil, gas water flow rate, pressure and geological data are used together to provide a good understanding of fields. – 3D visualization of data is standard.
– 4D seismic is commonly used to try and track the movement of fluids.
– We collect and store large amounts of different types of data.
Reservoir Simulation & Modelling:Present status
• A strong Norwegian environment has developed internationally renowned reservoir building and modelling software.
• Integration of different data types is continuously advancing such that oil, gas water flow rate, pressure and geological data are used together to provide a good understanding of fields. – 3D visualization of data is standard.
– 4D seismic is commonly used to try and track the movement of fluids.
– We collect and store large amounts of different types of data.
Reservoir Simulation & Modelling:Present status continued
• New tools that allow top quality data integration and viewing are available.– Utilise computing power.
– Extract the relevant data for interpretation/integration from large data piles.
• Limited ability to test alternative geological models and the impact these will have on flow characteristics.
Reservoir Simulation & Modelling: Technology Gaps-introduction
• Many of the identified gaps are related to the ability to quickly integrate and visualize diverse data types together so that realistic models can be used to optimise field production. – 3D seismic– 4D seismic – Geomechanical information – Flow data
• Modelling the history of oil and gas production in fields involves:– Several ‘tools’ to interpret data – Much more data is generated than can be successfully ‘integrated’ and
interpreted with current systems
Reservoir Simulation & Modelling: Technology Gaps
• There are no solutions that efficiently bridge the gap between different 2D and 3D applications in terms of resolution, gridding algorithms and upscaling routines.
• There is a need to manage uncertainty and flexibility in the History Matching process.
Reservoir Simulation & Modelling: Technology Gaps continued
• Software is not capable of providing a fully integrated Reservoir Model all the way from seismic, through geo model to flow model. – Current upscaling in Reservoir Characterization tools eliminates details
from the geomodels
• Enhanced Oil Recovery: tracking the movement of oil, gas and water through the field’s lifetime.– Managing large data flows quickly
– Interpret and include in long term depletion strategy
Reservoir Simulation & Modelling: Future Focus
• 4D seismic and life of field seismic (LoFS): – Both of these techniques are used to track the movement of oil, gas and
water through time.
– Research data analysis techniques that could be used to position fluids’ subsurface location and other changes in the field (e.g. compaction).
• Integrated reservoir modelling and uncertainty management: – Software applications we have today, are not capable of providing a
fully integrated Reservoir Model all the way from Seismic, through Geo Model to Flow Model.
– We need to solve the problem of utilizing all significant data in work flows, and conduct probabilistic evaluation.
Reservoir Simulation & Modelling: Future Focus
• In field heterogeneities: – Identify the key heterogeneities and develop a predictive methodology
to assess the effect on reservoir performance.
• Horizontal well modelling: – Solve the challenges that exist in modelling of horizontal wells and the
link between horizontal production/geology and the full field model.
– We continue to struggle to model horizontal wells correctly and use vertical dominated upscaling techniques.