sedimentary rocks deposition. origin of sedimentary rocks most common rocks on the earth are...
TRANSCRIPT
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Sedimentary Rocks
deposition
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Origin of Sedimentary Rocks
• Most common rocks on the earth are igneous.
• 2nd common sedimentary
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Sedimentary Rock
• Rocks formed from sediments– 1. Sediments cemented
together (detrital)
– 2. Fall out of solution as a precipitate (chemical)
– 3. plant material pressed together (organic)
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Sediments are:
• Pieces of minerals
• Pieces of rock
• Pieces of organic matter
• Minerals dissolved in water – in solution
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Detrital Sedimentary Rocks
• Also known as clastic sedimentary rocks
• From Greek klastos, broken;
• Detrital or clastic sedimentary rocks are rocks made from broken pieces of other rock that have been cemented together to form a new rock
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Sizes of sediment designation kind of rock formed
(copy chart in notebook)
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How sedimentary rocks are formed
Strata – layers of rock
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• • Millions of years have gone by and
there are many layers of deposited sediment now.
• Some of the sediment granules have been cemented together by minerals that were dissolved in the water.
• They have turned into layers of rock.
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Compaction
• Pressure from the upper layers of sediments squeeze out water.
• Reduce the spaces between the particles
• They become packed together more tightly.
• New rock formed
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Cementation • Water soaks through soil
• Dissolves minerals such as calcite, hematite and limonite (kinds of cement)
• Solution moves through open spaces between sediment and fills spaces
• Minerals fall out of solution (precipitate – solid left from solution)
• “cement” the sediment together.
• New rock formed
Calcite, hematite, limonite areKinds of cement.
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Classification of Sedimentary Rocks
• `1. Detrital Sedimentary Rocks – Clastic
• Lt. Detritus – to wear away
• Made from broken fragments of other rocks. Compacted and cemented together.
• Clastic Gr.klastos – broken
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conglomerate
• Rounded gravel sized sediments cemented together
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Breccia
• Angular sediments that are cemented.
• Found at talus slopes
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Talus slope
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Sandstone
• Sand sized sediment cemented together
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Shale
• Clay sized sediment held together by compaction.
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Coquina
• Beach pebbles, shells and animal bodies cemented together
• Found along shores
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Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
• 2. chemical sedimentary rocks
• Minerals precipitated out of a solution.– (falls out of solution
when water evaporates)
• Calcite in caves
• Halite – salt mines ancient salt seas
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Limestone
• Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) carried in ocean water dissolved from animal shells.
• Deposited on sea or ocean floors
• Precipitates out of solution.
• Precipitate – any solid that comes out of solution
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Rock salt
• Found in evaporated salt water lakes or seas.
• Precipitates out when water is evaporated
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Fossiliferous limestone
• Limestone with fossils.
• Found in old salt water lakes, bays, seas
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Chalk
• Smashed microscopic shell bodies of sea animals.
• compacted
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Coal
• Decayed organic matter that had been compacted to form a rock.