Sedimentary Rocks

II. RocksSolid forms of matter that are created

in nature that are made of one or more minerals.

• The three major groups of rocks are:1. Sedimentary2. Igneous3. Metamorphic

A. Sedimentary Rocks1. Made from ________ or ________ which

formed at the surface of the Earth from other rocks.

2. Rocks at the surface are broken down into sediments by __________ and _________.

Sediments

Weathering

Fragments

Erosion

3. These rocks form in ______, where the weight ________ them down and the minerals dissolved in the water act as the _______ (glue).

WaterSqueezes

Cement

4) Steps to form a Sedimentary Rock:

a) Weathering & Erosionb) Depositionc) Compactiond) Cementation

B. Sedimentary Rock IDENTIFICATION:1. They are made up of __________, which

are small fragments of other rocks.2. They often show ________ _______, as one

layer of sediments is deposited on another in the water.

Sediments

Distinct Layers

3. Sedimentary rocks often contain _______ of once living organisms.

Fossils

4. These are the only type of rocks that can contain these ______. There are THREE different types of Sedimentary rocks:a) _______: Ones that form from rock and

mineral fragments which have been __________ and __________ together.

Fossils

Clastic

Compacted CementedSandsto

ne

BrecciaSandstoneSiltstoneShale

b) __________: ones that form from minerals that were once dissolved in water. The water then begins to evaporate causing the minerals to deposit/precipitate out. These are also called _________.

i. Can only be classified by ____________, Grain size does not work!!

Crystalline

chemicalcomposition

Rock Salt

Dolostone

c) _________: are ones that are made of the remains of organic (once living) things.

Bioclastic

Limestone Coal

Questions1. What is the difference between

Conglomerate and Breccia? – Conglomerate contains mostly rounded

fragments, while Breccia’s fragments will be more angular.

2. What is the difference between Sandstone and Siltstone? – Sandstone will have larger fragments than

Siltstone.3. What is the particle size of Sandstone? – 0.2 to 0.006 cm

4. How does the composition of Conglomerate compare to the composition of Shale? – The composition of both will be close to the

same, but they will have different size particles.

5. What is the composition of Limestone?– Limestone in made of the mineral Calcite.

6. What are the ways that Limestone can form? – Shell fragments are cemented together– Precipitates (falls out of) water– Biologic organisms

7. How does the grain size of Rock Salt compare to the grain size of Rock Gypsum, Dolostone, Coal, and Limestone? – The grain size for each of these will vary or

change.8. How can you classify the Clastic

sedimentary rocks? – Must use their GRAIN SIZE to classify!

9. How can you classify the Crystalline or Bioclastic Sedimentary rocks?– Must use their COMPOSITION to classify!

ESRT p.6 – Relationship of Transported Particle Size to Water Velocity

10.What are the grain sizes for the following: (use the chart on page 6 of the ESRT)a) Clay: __________ than __________b) Silt: __________ to __________c) Sand: __________ to __________d) Pebbles: __________ to __________e) Cobbles: __________ to __________f) Boulders: __________ than __________

less 0.0004cm0.006cm0.0004cm

0.2cm0.006cm6.4cm0.2cm25.6cm6.4cm

more 25.6cm