sedimentary basins of w. china - tectonics observatory at...
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Sedimentary Basins of W. ChinaTroy Hudson
Photo: NASA
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Basin Locations
Allen et al. J.Geo. Soc. 1991
• More than 600 Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basins in China.– Tarim: S. of Tien Shan, Taklimakan desert– Junggar: N. of Tien Shan– Turfan: E. of suture zone convergence
• Elevations range from over 7,000m to less than -150m
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Charles Rubin, CWU
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Importance of Basins
• Solid mineral resources: coal, iron, gypsum,salt, precious metals.
• Considerable petroleum accumulations.• Loess and other sediment accumulations
hold temporal climatic information, thoughit is difficult to interpret.
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Habit
• Elongate, intramontane basins surrounded by highmountain ranges.
• Entirely internal drainage in Turfan basin - secondlowest exposed land surface on earth (-150 m)
• Long term aridity causes build-up of large alluvialfans at mtn. fronts, but inhibits transport into basininterior.
• Large variations in topography and sedimentthickness.
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BasinTopography
Allen et al. J.Geo. Soc. 1991
Tien Shan: a positive physiographic feature partitioning Tarim andJunggar basins throughout Mesozoic and Cenozoic time.
Turfan basin: established as a discrete feature by Early Jurassic.
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Tectonic Control of Basins
Hendrix et al. GSA Bull. 1992
Figure shows isopachs ofN. Tarim, S. Junggar, andTurpan basins.
Asymmetries of Mesozoicsediment accumulationsindicates sedimentdistribution in forelandbasins - deposition inactively subsiding troughs.
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Timeline• Paleozoic:
– Collision of large tectonicblocks - foreland basin N.of Tien Shan formed
• Permian:– extension across N. basins
and basic magmatism
• Mesozoic:– Jurassic: thermal
subsidence - low-energynon-marine clasticdeposition
• Cenozoic:– Compression
(India/Asia collision)
– higher-energysedimentation.
– Coarse clastic rocks
– Sporadic evaporitedeposition
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Hendrix et al. GSA Bull. 1992
Paleo-Weather Patterns
Breakup of Pangeadisruptedmonsoonalmoisture.
Southwest paleo-winds created a rainshadow in theTarim, whileJunggar hadextensive, welloxygenated paleo-lakes
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Loess and DustStorms
Taklimakan from MODIS/NASA Earth Observatory
Taklimakan (‘Enter and Never Leave’)
desert - world’s second largest,divided N. and S. routes of TheSilk Road.
Intense storms originate on thewestern rim and quickly cover thewhole desert.
Tien Shan nivial & sub-nivialenvironments control of seasonalrivers responsible for modern loessdeposition in China.
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And now for something completelydifferent…
Uyghur Language
• Turkic language family
• 8 vowel sounds:– e - ‘bet’, i - ‘bill’
– a - ‘father’, ä - ‘hat’
– o - ‘go’ ö - ‘her’
– u - ‘put’ ü - ‘bit’
• Consonants:– ‘gh’, ‘kh’ - ‘loch’
• ‘yakhshimu siz’ - Howare you?
• ‘yakhshi (siz chu?)’ -Fine (and you?)
• ‘yaq’
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Uyghur Greetings
• Greeting: right hand overheart, bow slightly.– Yakshimu siz or ässalamu
äläykum– Respond: yakhshi or
wä’äläykum ässalam
• Shaking hands: (Men only)– Hold hands out close together,
slide hands together with right-hands inside. Bring hands backpalm-open, draw towards faceand stroke down.
– Same gesture is used whencompleting a meal or finishingstudying the Koran.
• ‘Yes’ - hä’ä, ‘No’ - yaq– Yaq can be said with a
whine and a grimace
• ‘Thank you’ - rakhmät– Hold right hand over
heart, modest bow.
• ‘Goodbye’ - hosh– Literally: ‘happiness’
– Also said w/ heart-holding and bow
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Extra Slides below this Slide
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China Tectonics
Zhang et al. GSA Bull. 1984
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Geologic Map
Hendrix et al. GSA Bull. 1992
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Tectonic Formationof Basins
Allen et al. J.Geo. Soc. 1991
Permian collision upliftedSino-Korean-Tarim plate,resulting in broadcontinental basins inN. China. Separated fromS. China marine sed.Environment by Kunlun-Qinling mountains.