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Securing Nepalese Interests. Nation, State and Security. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Securing Nepalese Interests
Page 2: Securing Nepalese Interests

Nation, State and Security

When the “nation” has been thought of at all, it usually comes attached to the state, as in the common word, “the nation-state,”. This concept took a particular developmental course of recent centuries and elaborated it into a universal maxim.

Lately, after the collapse of the former USSR, the concept of ‘nation state and security’ is debated and discussed everywhere.

Page 3: Securing Nepalese Interests

Nation-State

•The genuine nation, or nationality, has made a dramatic reappearance on the world stage.

•Post cold war- swift decomposition of the centralized State or alleged nation-State into its constituent nationalities.

•The "nation," is not the same thing as the ‘state’.

•Every one is born into one or several overlapping communities, usually including an ethnic group, with specific values, cultures, religious beliefs, and traditions. He/she is generally born into a "country."

Page 4: Securing Nepalese Interests

Contd..

•European nation-state, the typical “major power,” began not as a nation at all, but as an “imperial” conquest of one nationality- usually at the “center” of the resulting country, and based in the capital city-over other nationalities at the periphery.

•“Nation” is a complex of subjective feelings of nationality based on objective realities, the imperial central states have had varying degrees of success in forging among their subject nationalities at the periphery a sense of national unity incorporating submission to the imperial center.

Page 5: Securing Nepalese Interests

Contd..•Fact – “the collapse of the centralizing and imperial USSR has lifted the lid on the dozens of previously suppressed nationalisms within the former state of U.S.S.R. and other East European nations”.

forcibly incorporated other nationalities

•The “nation” cannot be precisely defined; it is a complex and varying constellation of different forms of communities, languages, ethnic groups, or religions.

•The question of nationality is made more complex by the interplay of objectively existing reality and subjective perceptions.

Page 6: Securing Nepalese Interests

Contd..

•Does every nation-state “owns” its entire geographical area in the same just and proper way that every individual property owner owns his person and the property that he has inherited, worked for, or gained in voluntary exchange?

•Is the boundary of the typical nation-state really as just or as false as your or my house, estate, or factory?

Page 7: Securing Nepalese Interests

Contd..

•How can we proclaim for “territorial integrity”? Is not it truly ludicrous?

•Commonsense says "No.”

•How can self-proclaimed boundary be right and sacrosanct, with its “territorial integrity” to remain as spotless and un-breached as a person’s private property?

•Most of these boundaries were acquired by force and violence, or by interstate agreement w/o the consent or knowledge of the people.

•Have not these boundaries shifted many times?

Page 8: Securing Nepalese Interests

How to Address this problem?

•Would total privatization help solve nationality problems ?

• Will open borders, or free immigration resolve this problem?

There is an ongoing debate! As of now, we shall go as it is thought to be fit!

•Will the concept of ‘Global Village’ answer this problem?

Page 9: Securing Nepalese Interests

Security•A condition of being protected against danger or loss.

•Security vs safety!

• Protection from dangers that originate from outside.

• Individuals or actions that encroach upon the condition of protection are responsible for the breach of security.

•“Security" - not only safety but that has been secured.

Page 10: Securing Nepalese Interests

National Security

Hans Morgenthau, - “Securing integrity of the national territory and its institutions”.

(Author of ‘Politics among Nations’,)

Page 11: Securing Nepalese Interests

National SecuritySecuring what?

•Territory within the boundary?

•People living within the boundaries?

•Territory and People living within the boundaries?

•Do we have to protect other things as well?

•What are these other things?

•Who decides as to what should be protected?

•How can we ensure total security ? Who will be accountable for the failure of this (future and life of its citizen)?

Responsibility

Page 12: Securing Nepalese Interests

National Security

Maintain the survival of the nation-state through the use of available power and the exercise of diplomacy.

What powers are available?

•Economic,

•Military

•Political power

•Diplomacy.

Page 13: Securing Nepalese Interests

Planning of National Security

Natl Aims/NVIsPol/Bur/Civil Pol Decision

National Powers….

EcoMil

National StrategyFor-Govt Use of Natl Power

Security Strategy Art of EmpFor-NSC/AHQ

Military Doctrine DirectionFor-AHQ/COAS

Operational Doc Battle PlanClassified

Tactical Doctrine Instr/PracticeClassified

Resources

Page 14: Securing Nepalese Interests

National Vital Interests(Power potential and Resources)

•Terrain

• Water

•Tourism

•Forest

•Human

Power

Resources

•Security Forces•Diplomatic

•Economic

There are many more.

Page 15: Securing Nepalese Interests

NVIs contd..1. Preservation of an Indep, sovereign, unified and territorially secured Nepal.

What are the threats? What means do we have?

2. Maintain domestic law, order and peace: rule of law to protect the people of Nepal, their lives and property.

What are the threats? What means do we have?

3. Preservation of sovereign rights of the people, democratic system, democratic rights and values. Human rights, equality and freedom.

Threats? And means available? What about the duties of citizen?

Threats are everywhere-How to mitigate them?

Page 16: Securing Nepalese Interests

Strategic Planning ProcessMission and Objective

State the vision incl unchanging values and purpose. Identify future visions and opportunities. Define measurable financial strategic objectives

Environmental Scanning

Internal analysis- Know the str,weakness and opport? External threats-Espionage, Economic, Security, Diplomatic, stooges and infringement on internal matters.

(SWOT Analysis) Strategy Formulation

Make the strategy- based on the opportunities; address the internal weakness and external threats.

Page 17: Securing Nepalese Interests

Contd..Strategy Implementation

Make pgme, prepare budget and est the procedures. (transparent up to the level who work for it success)

Evaluation and Control

Define parameters to be achieved. Define target values for the parameters. Perform measurements.Compare results to the pre-defined standard. If needed, make changes

Page 18: Securing Nepalese Interests

Strategy Constrains*

In Reality Constraints

In Theory

DoctrineDecision MakersThreatTechnologyPublic Opinion

National ObjectiveNational Security StrategyMilitary StrategyOperational StrategyField/Tactical Strategy

PoliticsEconomyOther NationsCulturePhysical Environment

National Security refers to policy enacted by governments to ensure the survival and safety of the nation state including but not limited to the exercise of diplomatic, economic, and military power in both peace and war.

*Drew and Snow, Making Strategy (Maxwell AFB, AL Doctrine; Air University Press)

Page 19: Securing Nepalese Interests

Strategy VS Tactics

•Strategy - Wisdom, knowledge and vision. Is proactive; Tactics - re-active.

•Strategic Plg - formal consideration of a state/ organization’s future course. (Multiple of 5/10 yrs)

•Strategic plan - guidance to define functional and divisional plans, including tech.

1. "What do we do?"

2. "For whom do we do it?"

3. "How do we excel?"

•All strategic planning deals with at least one of three key questions:

Page 20: Securing Nepalese Interests

Vision, mission and values•Vision: Where the state wants to be in the future. It reflects the optimistic view of the state's future.

SMART - (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Timebound).

•Alignment with state’s values and culture; Rational.

•Clarity and lack of ambiguity.

•Vivid and clear picture, not ambiguous.

•Describing a bright future.

•Memorable and engaging expression

•Realistic aspirations, achievable.

•Time bound if it talks of achieving any goal or objective

Page 21: Securing Nepalese Interests

Contd..

•Mission: Defines where the state is going now, basically describing the purpose, why this stae exists.

•Values: Main values protected by the state during the progression, reflecting the stae's culture and priorities.

Path to realize the vision in line with its values

Page 22: Securing Nepalese Interests

Nepal

Page 23: Securing Nepalese Interests

Nepal before & after 1814

Page 24: Securing Nepalese Interests

Nepal’s security

•Identify Nepal’s interests and National Vital Interests (NVIs)

•Plan how Nepal will further it and if need arises, plan to protect it.

•Protect both internally and externally. (Threat Analysis)

•Know Nepal’s strength and weakness. Exploit strength and minimize the impact of weakness

•Make a ‘strategic plan’ to further NVIs and provide protections. (Every faculty)

•Find the resources to meet the threat.

•Organize men and material to counter the threat.

Page 25: Securing Nepalese Interests

Securing National Territory

•Nepal Army- Task, Strength, Equipments, Other means.

•APF- Task, Strength, Equipments, Other means.

•Other para-mil forces?

•Slide no-13