Sectionalism

Bell Work

LT: Students will be able to define popular sovereignty, how individuals responded to the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Bw: What was the Missouri compromise? What was the compromise of 1850?

Bell Work

LT: I will be able to explain how the compromise of 1850 added tension in America.

BW: Continue working on your maps from yesterday you will have 10 min to finish if you do not finish it is for homework.

Bell Work

LT: I will be able to define sectionalism and states rights. Compare and Contrast Northern, Southern, and Western States

BW: List some differences between the North, South, and West

Tensions rise between North & South

Both economies were mainly agriculture

The North developed more industry and commerce

The South relied on plantation farming and slave labor rather industry

The economic difference between the south and the north begins to divide the nation politically.

Tensions rise between North & South

A small class of wealthy planters dominated Southern politics

Rely on the export of cash crops especially cotton

To justify slavery many offered that white people were superior to African Americans

Sectionalism – the loyalty to the interest of your own region or section of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole.

States Rights-the rights belonging to the various states, especially with reference to the strict interpretation of the Constitution, by which all rights not delegated by the Constitution to the federal government belong to the states.

Complete the chart as we view and discuss the following information.

Political Economic Social

North

South

West

North and South: Differences

The North:

• Primarily industrial

• Mostly urban and small farms

• Supported tariffs and internal improvements

• For strong central government

• Relied on free labor

• Wanted to limit spread of slavery in West

The South:

• Primarily agricultural

• Mostly small farms and plantations

• Generally opposed tariffs and internal improvements

• For “states’ rights”

• Relied on slavery due to smaller population

• Supported extending slavery in West

West Differences

The West:• Constantly new

settlers• Mining • Connected by

rail and telegraph

Complete the chart as we view and discuss the following information.

Political Economic Social

North Strong central government

Industrial, small farms

Limit slavery

South States rights Agricultural, opposed tariffs, plantations

Support extending slavery

West Popular sovereignty

Mining New settlers

During the early 1800s, the differences

that had existed between the different

regions of the country began to grow larger

and larger. By the 1820s and

1830s these regions, also known

as sections, had developed very different ideas about what governments should, and shouldn’t do.

The northern states had seen the growth of a large number of factories and other businesses in the years after the War of 1812. To protect them from British and other competition, the owners of these factories (and may of their workers) wanted the government to put high taxes (called tariffs) on foreign products to make them more expensive. Factory owners also wanted the government to limit the sale of lands in the west and to stop the country expanding into Mexican and British territory. The north was also home to many groups which began to work to abolish slavery throughout the country as they had already done in their own states.

In the south many plantation owners

sold their crops of tobacco, rice, and cotton

to Britain from which they then

imported finished products. Plantation

owners opposed tariffs as they angered Britain and made

the products they imported more expensive. Southern states also wanted the government to support their right to own slaves and to enable them to expand slavery into new states and territories. They were also eager for the government to purchase, or simply seize, lands currently claimed by Mexico or Britain.

People living in the western states

wanted the government to continue to sell land

cheaply. They also supported the government spending money on

internal improvements such as roads and

canals. Many ordinary westerners were also

anxious that slavery should be kept out of their lands as they saw it, and

wealthy plantation owners, as a threat to their independence. Many in the west also supported tariffs based on the belief that the money raised would help to fund internal improvements.

Over time these sectional differences would help to split up both the Democratic and Whig parties whose members from different regions argued over party policies on tariffs, slavery, and expansion.

THE WEST

THE SOUTH

THE NORTH

INSTRUCTIONSUse the information to create a poster summarizing and illustrating the differences between the three different

sections in their economies and in what they wanted the government to do.

Wilmot Proviso

Many northerners feared that southern wanted to take any land acquired from Mexico and make it a slave state

Wilmot Proviso is a bill proposed to outlaw slavery in any territory the United States might acquire from the war with Mexico

Why is this a Problem?

1820 - 2 territories want to enter Maine

Missouri (about 2,000 slaves)

What is the dilemma for Congress?

Missouri Compromise

Also known as the Compromise of 1820

Maine enters as a free state

Missouri enters as a slave state

No slavery would be allowed north of the 36’30” line

The Missouri Compromise of 1820 quieted the slavery debate for a while

The Compromise of 1850

To please the North, California would be admitted as a free state.

To please the South, Congress would pass a stronger law to help slave owners. ( Fugitive Slave Act)

The Compromise of 1850 solved the sectional dispute between North & South

California entered

as a free state

The people of Utah & New Mexico

could vote to allow or ban

slavery (popular sovereignty)

A stronger Fugitive Slave Law was created

that allowed Southerners to

recapture slaves in the North

The slave trade ended

in Washington

DC

Fugitive Slave Act

Under this law, accused fugitives could be held without an arrest warrant.

They had no right to a jury trial. Instead a federal commissioner ruled on each case

Southern slave catchers were allowed to roam the North sometimes they captured free African Americans

The act drew more people to the abolitionist movement

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Proposed by Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois to divide up Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska

• Let people decide through popular sovereignty whether or not to allow slavery (Why did he do this?)

• Would end Missouri Compromise

• Turned Kansas into a bloody battleground

4. In 1854, Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois drafted a bill to organize territorial governments for the Nebraska Territory, proposing that it be divided into two territories- Nebraska and Kansas.

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT2. Why did Northerners resent to Fugitive Slave Act?

• It required Northerners to recapture slaves

• It placed fines on people who would not cooperate and jail terms on people who helped fugitives escape

• Slave catchers roamed the North, which brought home the issue of slavery to Northerners

• It made them feel they had to support slavery

Effects of the Fugitive Slave Law – Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN3. What role did Uncle Tom's Cabin play in the slavery

debate?

• In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe published her influential novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• The book stressed the moral evil of slavery

• Southerners protested that it did not portray slavery accurately

• Abolitionist protests increased

Instant best seller sold 500,000 by 1857

Eliza Pursued by Bloodhoundsfrom the Library of Congress Printsand Photographs

Newspaper Article

Your task: Write a newspaper article about your topic as if you were there

You should:

Write a headline( short & to the point)

Write 1-2 paragraphs that explain the event including: who, what, where, when, how and why

Include a photograph with a caption may be drawn or from the internet with teachers permission.