section10 resistivity

8/19/2019 Section10 resistivity

1/71

X. ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY of SOME METALLIC ELETS

a n d COMMERCIAL ALLxlYS

CONTENTS

A.

B .

C .

D.

E .

F.

G.

H.

I .

J.

K.

L.

M .

N .

0 .

P .

Q.

R .

S.

T .

U .

V,

W .

X.

Y.

Z .

P r e f a c e t o t h e

E l e c t r i c a l

R e s i s t i v i t y

of

M e t a l l i c

Elements

A l u m i n u m

B e ry l l i um

Cobalt

Copper

Gold

Indium

I r o n

L e ad

Magnesium

Molybdenum

N i c k e l

N i o b i u m

P 1

a t

num

S i l v e r

Tanta lum

T i n

Elec- t r i ca l

R e s i s t i v i t y of Some C o m i c r c i a l

a t Low

T e m p e r a t u r e s

Advance

Chrome1

A

Cupron

E v a n o h

Manganin

N i l s t a i n (SS t y p e 3 0 4 )

Trophe

t

A

S t a i n l e s s S t e e 1

Alloys

X- INDEX


2/71

PREFACE to the E L E C m C A L RESISmVITY of M E T U I C ELEMENTS

pure, o r nearly pure, metallic elements

he electrical resistivities of

are presented here as a function of temperature for the range from 1 o

300°K.

in resistivity with increasing temperature.

presented as ratios,

P / P ~ ~ ~ ,

hat is, the resistivity divided by the value

of the resistivity at 273.l5"K.

The resistivity

may

then b,e determined as

a product of the ratio and the value of

p273

listed on the graph sheet for

each metal. Each graph is

for

a separate metal and generally includes the

values reported by several investigators. The several sources of data are

listed on the data sheet and the individual curves

on

the graph are refer-

enced by the author's name.

The several data sources used in this compilation reported the values of

electrical resistivity in several forms, such as specific resistivity P,

or

values of resistivity ratio,

P/PT,

where the datum temperature T,

is not consistent from one reference to another. Often the value of

resistivity for the datum temperature used in the resistivity ratio is not

available.

resistivity, a common value of

p273

is used in the calculation of the ratio.

Where the original data are values of resistivity ratios, the value

of

p273

indicated on the graph sheet for calculation of resistivity is either the

value

of

P273

from the original data in thoszinstances where it

was

given,

or

the most probable value of

P273

from another source when it is not

available from the original experimenters. Where the original data are

resistivity ratios, P/PT, and T is not 273"K, a suitable correction has

been used to convert the ratio to

p/p273.

Comments on sample purity, accuracy of the tabdated data and other

pertinent information reported in the source of data are included in the

comments for each data sheet.

values between experimental data points. Where these interpolated values

have been used in the construction of the graphs, the interpolated values

are also listed in the tables of values and

so

ipdicated in a footnote.

These metallic elements include only those that exhibit an increase

These values of resistivity are

In

this compilation, where the original data are values

of

Some of the references list interpolated

The graphs of the electrical resistivity ratios are presented on linear,

semi-log or logarithmic coordinates as necessary for satisfactory representa-

tion of the data.

the differences in the values reported by the several experimenters at low

temperatures.

the purity of the sample measured or in some cases to the use of a sample

with residual mechanical. strains that were not relieved by annealing.

The graphs also serve to illustrate Matthiessen's rule that the increase

of resistance in pure metals due to imperfections in the crystal lattice

structure is independent of temperature.

pure metals may thus be separated into two independent parts,

The use of logarithmic coordinates serves to emphasize

This variation may be attributed primarily to differences in

The resistivity of these nearly

P = Pi +- Po

where Pi is the intrinsic resistivity (the electron-lattice interaction) and

X-A- 1


3/71

E A c E to the

ELECTRICAL

RESISTIVITY of M E T m I C

EL;EMENTS

(Cont.

is a function of temperature, and po is the imperfection resistivity (the

electron-imperfection interaction) and is dependent on the type and con-

centration of the imperfections and is almost independent of temperature.

The imperfections are either chemical impurities, isotopes, or mechanical

imperfections such as vacancies, dislocations, etc., in the lattice

structure. The effect of impurities is then to shift the curve uniformly

upward.

temperature change has little effect on the resistivity, while at hi&

temperatures pi is much greater than po,

so

that the differences in

resistivity for various samples becomes relatively insignificant. The

graphs on linear coordinates illustrates the above for those metals where

alternate data sources are represented in a temperature range where Po is

much less than pi and is evidenced by a constant vertical displacement of

the data. Several theoretical and empirical equations have been proposed

for

the ideal resistivity as a function of temperature, but no general

law,

valid for all conductors, has

come forward.

resistivity of most simple metals at intermediate temperatures however, may

be adequately represented by an empirical equation of the form pi

=

arb,

where b varies from 4 o 5. This is further indicated on these data sheets,

where a straight

line

may be used on the logarithmic coordinates to represent

the data for large intervals of temperature.

At very low temperatures po is much greater than pi so that

The intrinsic electrical

When considering the resistivity of the metallic elements at low temperatures,

the phenomenon of superconductivity should also be noted.

is attributed to the complete absence of resistance to an electric current.

Twenty-three metallic elements are presently known to exhibit superconduc-

tivity at various temperatures below 12'K.

This graphical presentation of the electrical resistivity of the supercon-

ducting elements does not include data in the superconducting temperature

range.

data extending into the superconducting region appeared in the reference and

were included in this compilation.

These data below the transition tempera-

ture were based on actual observations of electrical resistance in Lead in a

super critical magnetic field at temperatures which would normally make lead

a superconductor.

Superconductivity

An exception is the data sheet

for

lead, where electrical resistivity

As

in the case of lead, elements in the superconducting state when subjected

to an external magnetic field of a given strength,

will

regain normal

resistance to an electric current.

field depends on the element concerned and temperature.

may

be approximated by:

The strength of this critical magnetic

This

relationship

€Ic

= IIO [l - (T/TJ2]

where is the value of the critical magnetic field (in oersteds) at O'K,

T, is the transition temperature (in OK) and Hc is the value of the critical

field at a temperature T. Values for

Tc

and

HQ

are given in Table 2.

X-A- 2


4/71

PREFACE to the E I ; E m C A L RFBISTINITY of

l d E l ? m C EZBENTG

(Cont.)

Cable1

Convexsion

Factors

fox Electrical Resistivity

1 ohm-in

=

Txansit:

Element

Aluminum

CadmiUJIl

Gallium

Hafnium

Mercury

Indium

Lanthanum

Niobium

osmium

Lead

Bhenium

Rhodium

Ruthenium

Tin

Tantalum

Technetium

Thorium

Titanium

Thallium

Uranium

Vanadium

Zinc

Zirconium

Table 2

)n Temperatures fox Supexconductina Elements

*

Transition Temp.,

K

1.175

0.56 - 0.65

1.103

0.37

4.160

3.374 -

3.432

4.8,

5.8

8.7

-

8'.g

0.71

1.70

7.22

0.9

0.47

3.74

4.38

11.2

1.388

-

1.40

9.39

2.392

4.89

0.93

0.55

1.1

Critical Magnetic

Field Ho, Oersteds

106

27 - 28.8

47

-

50.3

400 -

419

269 - 275

1960

65

188

800

46

304

- 310

860

*

American Institute of Physics Handbook, McGxaw-Hill Book

Go.

Xnc., New York

(1957)

Sec.

4,

P. 49

Reprinted from WADD TECH.REPORT

60-56

X-A- 3


5/71

ELECTRLCAL KESLSTIVITY of

ALTJMIHUM, l

(Atomic Eumber

13)

Sources of Data:

Landolt-Bbnstein Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie,

Astronomie,

Geophyaik und Technik, sechste Auflage,

I1

Band,

6

Teil,

Springer-Verlag, Berlin

(1959) pp. 1-&

International Critical Tables

of

Numerical Data, Physics, Chemistry,

and Technolo&,

2

st Edition, Published

for

the National Research

Council by the McGraw-Hill Book

Co.

Inc.

(1929)

pp.

124-135

Other References:

Albert, P., B u l l . inst, intern. froid, Annexe

1956-2, 4L-49 (1956)

Alley, P, and Serin, B.; Phys. Rev.

116,No. 2, 334-338 (1959)

Boorse,

H.

A. and Niewodniczanski,

H.,

Proc. Roy. SOC. (Loncon)

a

g3-475 0-936)

Caron,

M.

Bull. inst. intern froid, AMexe

1956-2, 51-62 (1956)

Caron, M. Compt. rend. a,

169 (1953)

Caron, M., Albert, I

and

Chaudron, G., Compt,

rend. 236, 686-688 (1954)

Chaudron,

G.,

Nature

a 23 (1954)

Grbeisen,

E,

and Goens,

E.;

Z.

Physik. ,

615 (1927)

Holborn,

L.j Z.

Instrumente+. 22

11 4 (1902)

Holborn,

L.; Ann.

Physik.

2 145 (1919)

Justi, F. and Scheffers,

H.;

Physik. Z.2

O5 (1938)

Meissner,

W.

and Voigt, B.;

Arm.

Physik.

(5)

1

61, 892 (1930)

Thomas, J.

G. and Mendoza,

E.j

Phil. Mag.

(7) a,00 (1952)

Comments

Reference should be made to the preface at the beginning

of

the

Electrical Resistivity section for an explanation of the graph. The

value

of electrical resistivity at

273'K (p273)

for

aluminum

to be used

in calculating values of electrical resistivity ( p ~ ) s listed below

the authors' names labeling each individual curve on the graph.

curves should not be extrapolated

t lower

temperatures since

aluminum becomes superconducting at

1.l75 K.

These

The data for this graph

were

taken fromthe references cited above

under "Sources of Data".

tables are those reported 'by Grheisen and Gaens; Holborn (1919);

Justi and Scheffers; Meissner and Voigt; and Thomas and Mendoza, while

those values listed by the International Critical Tables are from

Holborn

(1902

and

1919),

These primary sources are listed above under

"Other References".

several curves

on

the graph.

The values listed in the Landolt-B8rnstein

The original authors are used in labeling the

X-B-1


6/71

EI;EcTRIw

RESIB~ZVITYf ALUMINUM, (Cont

.

comments (coat.1

The data reported in the Lsndolt-&rmtein tables, the International

CrLtical Tables and tabdated here

are

listed as ratios of electrical

resistivity wlth respect

to

the resistivity at a

datum

temperature of

to be used d t h the Holborn data in'calcu-

73°K. The value of

lating values of electr ca~.esistivity is , 333 =

2.53 x 10-6

ohm-cm.

L he

actual values of e73 are not available for

the

samples used by

the other investigator8 so a

datum

value reported by Grbeisen and

GO- (p2 * 2.50 x 10-6 ohm-cm) is suggested for cdcfiating values

l3

of electr

1

al ref3istivity from the remaining ratios.

The samples used by

Holborn

are reported in Landolt-&metein

as

poly-

crydtalline with 0.4$ impurities of

unknom

composition.

sample was annealed at 250°C.

used a polycrystalline ample With a s m a l l ammnt of impurities present.

The aarnple used by Meissner and Voigt

is

reported as a~ annealed

polycrystalline sample

Kith

undetermined impurities.

The Holborn

Grheisen and

Goem

are reported to have

A single c-tal w i t h a small amount

of

impurities present

is

reported

as the sample used by Justi and Scheffers.

and Mendoza was an annealed polycryatalline sample with 0.005 im-

Durities of unknown camposition.

The sample used by Thomas

No other pertinent

information

was

* -

presented about aqy of the samples from --of the sources

of

data.

Tables of Values of Electrical Resistivity

p = Resistivity, (ohm-cm)

= Resistivity at 273OK, (ohm-cm)

p273

somewhat in

doubt.

R e p r i n t &

f r o m - W A D D

TECH. RXPORT 60-56

X-B-2


7/71

TEMPERATURE,

O K

. .

X-B-3


8/71

T e mp e r a t u r e , F

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY VERSUS TEMPERATURE

FOR

ALUMINUM ALLOY 1100-0

.-

L

c

Q)

W

-


9/71

ELECTKTCAL

RESISI~VITY

of

BERYLLIUM,

Be

(Atomic Number 4)

Source of Data:

Landolt-B6rnstein Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie,

Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik, se ch st e Auflage, I1 Band, 6 Tei l ,

Springer-Verlag, Berlin

(1959)

pp.

1-46

Other References:

Lewis,

E.

J.; Phys. Rev. 3 4 1575 (1929)

Mac Donald, D.

K. C.

and Mendelssohn, K.; Proc. Roy. SOC. (London) A202

Meissner,

W.

and Voigt, B.; Ann. Physik ( 5 )

7,

761, 892 (1930)

Powell,

R. W.;

Phil. Mag. 44, 64-5 (1953)

523

(1950)

Comments

:

Reference should be made t o t he p reface at, th e beginning

of

t he

Ele ctr i cal Re sis t ivi t y sect ion f o r an explanation of the graph.

value of e l ec t r i ca l res i s t iv i ty a t 273'K ( p 2 3) fo r bery l lium t o be

3.2 x ohm-cm.

The dat a f o r th i s graph were taken from the reference c it ed above

under "Source of Data". The values taken from Landolt -B6rnste in

ta bl es ar e those reporbed by the authors l i s t e d above under "Other

References".

curves on the graph.

The data reported i n Landolt-B8rnstein and tabul ated here a re li s t e d

a s r a t i o s

of

e lec t r i c a l r e s i s t i v i ty with r e spec t

t o

t h e r e s i s t i v i t y

a t a datum tem perature of 273'K.

avai lable f o r th e se ve ra l auth ors' data appearing on e graph so a

datum value reported by R. W. Powell .p ohm-cm) i s

Powell reports

0.4$

impurities of unknown composition i n t he poly-

cr ys ta lli ne sample used i n determining ~2 7 3 .

The Landolt-B6rnstein tables l i s t th e samples used by a l l of th e

authors as being of the po lycry stallin e type.

i s made f o r the samples used by MacDonald and Mendelssohn; and Lewis.

The sample u s e d b y Meissner and Voigt i s reporbed t o have had @ Fe

and

0.5$

B i .impurities present. No mention i s made of th e mechanical

o r

heat treatment

of

any

of

the samples.

The

used in c lcu la t in g va lues of e le c t r i ca l res1 t i v i t y

(pT)

i s

The orig inal authors are used i n label ing the three

The ac tu al value

of

~ 2 7 3 s not

=

3.2 x

suggested f o r calcu lating values of re si s

7

iv i t y from these ra t ios .

No mention of impurities

X-

c- L


10/71

ELECTFECAL RESISTIVITY of BERYLLIUM (cont.)

Tables

of

Values of Electrical Resistivity

p

=

Resistivity, (ohm-cm)

p273 = Resistivity at 273 K, (ohm-cm)

MacDonald and

Mendels ohn

P/P *

emp. Temp.

K

I

K

I 290

196.2 0.586 0.276

294.2

1.174

0.322

* he third decimal place

of

the resistivity values is

somewhat in doubt.

-

The second decimal place of the temperature values is

somewhat in doubt.

--

Rep r i n t ed from W G D ' TECH.REPORT 60-56

x-c-2


11/71

0 5 100

I50

200 300

TEMPERATURE, O K

x c 3


12/71

ELECTRICAL ReSISTIVTPY of C

(AtomSc

Number 27)

Sources

of

Data:

In t erna tiona l Cr i t i ca l Tables of Numerical

D a t a ,

Physics, Chemistry,

and Technology, V I , 1st Edition, Published f o r t h e National Research

Council by t h e McGraw-HI11 Book

Co.

Inc. (1929)

pp.

124-135

Lsndolt-Bdrnstein ZELhlenwerte und Funktionen a us Physik, Chemie,

Astronomie, Geophysik und

Technik,

sechste Auflege, I1 Band, 6

T e i l ,

Springer-Verlag

,

Berlin (1959) pp. 1-46

Other References:

Bridgman, P. W.; Proc. Am. Acad. A r t s . Sci. -9B149 (1940)

Meissner, W. and Voigt,

B.; Ann.

Physik ( 5 ) 1, 61, 892 (1930)

Schimank,

H.;

Ann. Physik -4,

706

(1914)

Comments 2

Reference should

be made

t o t he p re face

a t

th e beginning of t he

Electr ical Resi s t iv i ty sect ion for an exg lawt fon of t he graph.

The value of e l ec t r i ca l r e s i s t i v i ty a t 273°K

[P

be used i n calculat ing values

of

electrical res ?&vity

(pT)

i s

5.57 x

10-6

ohm-cm.

The

data

fo r t h i s g raph w e r e taken

from

th e references cited above

under "Sources of Data . The values l i s t ed i n t h e Iandolt-Bdrnstein

tables

are thoee

reported by

Irbeissner and Voigt;

and

Bridgmsn; while

those va lues appear ing i n the In te rm t i om l

Critical

Tables

are

from

Schimank.

References".

curves

on

t h e graph.

The

data i n

Iandolt-Bdrnstein tables; the In terna t ional Cr i t ica l

Tables and tabulated here

are l i s ted

as r a t i o s

of

e l e c t r i c a l

r e s i s t i v i t y w ith

respect

t o t he r e s i s t i v i t y

a t

a datum temperature of

273°K.

The

actual values

of

~ 2 7 3o r the samples used by the several

invest igators

are

o t ava il ab le so

a datum

m l u e re port ed by Bridgman

(p272 = 5.57 x 10-8 ob-cm) is suggested fo r calculat ing values of

elec r ical r e s i s t i v i t y f r o m these ra t ios .

The Imxiolt-Mrnstein tables l i s t the sample used by Meissner and

Voigt

a8

an annealed,

s in te red polycrys ta l l ine specimen with no

mention made of impurities present.

reported as polycrystalline with

a very

small amount

of

impurities.

No

information

i s

given

on

t h e amount of impurity o r

nature of

t he

Schimank sample,

and no f u rt h er i n f o m t i o n

i s

available on the

mechanical strain or heat treatment f or any

of t h e

samples

from

any

of the sources of

data.

1 fo r cobal t t o

These

primary sources

are

cited above under "Other

The or ig i na l au thors are used in

labeling

t h e two

The sample used by

B r i m was

X-D-1


13/71

EZECTIUCAL R E S I S ~ T Yf COBALT

(Cont.)

-

€ Q*

-loo*

-120*

-1&*

-180*

-192

Tables of Values

of

Electrical Resistivity

57.4

48.2

32.3

24.8

17.4

13.5

D

=


Meissner and Voigt

I

0

.Ob31

0 .Oh63

0.1829

0.0426

Schimsnk

I

Repr inted

frQm

WADD

TECH.REPORT 60-56

X-D-

2


14/71

.e

.6

.4

.3

.2

I

.08

06

.04

-

.03,L

ELECTR ICAL RESlSTlV ITY RATIO

FOR COBALT

2

200 300

TEMPERATURE, O K

X-D- 3


15/71

Sources of

bta:

Int erm tio nal CMtical Tables of Numerical Datrs, PhyBics, Chemistry,

C O U C i l

by t h e McCraw-Hill Book Co. Inc. (1929) pp

l.24-135

and

Technology,

-

P,

1st

Edition, Published

for

the NationaP Research

&zndolt-B(lrnstein ZBklenwerte md Funktionen aut3

Physik, Cheaaie,

&tranomic, Geophysik und Technik, scchste

Amage,

I1 Bland, 6 eil,

Springer-Verlsg, Berlin (1959) pp 1-46

0t;hep References:

de ltliaaes, W.

J.

1415

(1934)

Henning,

F.;

2. Physik.

-

,

264

(1921)

Rolborn,

E.;

Ann. Physik-

9, 145 (1919)

Missner,

w.;

~ n n . hysik.(4)

-

7,

1 ~ 1

1915)

MeIssner, W.; Physik. 2, -9 ,

897 (198)

de

Boer J.

H. andl

Van den

Berg,

G.

J.; Physica

11,

Reference should

be made

t o t he

preface a t the

begim%ngof

t h e

Electr ical Resist ivi ty sect ion fo r an explanation of

the

graph.

v a l u e

of

e l ec t r ica l r e s i s t i v i t y a t

273°K ( p

in

rerlculating

v a l u e s

of e lect r ical resistivfl$ p

ohm-cut .

The data fo r t h i s graph were taken from the references ci ted above

under "Sources

of Deta .

The values l i s ted i n the Lando%t-Btlmstein

%able6

are

those

reportedl

by

de

EIWLS,

le Boer

an&

Van

&en Berg;

Ecdbopn; and Meissner; while those =lues

a p p a r b g

in t h e Inter-

natisnarl

Critical Cablee

are fYom

Henning.

These primany

sources

are

l i s ted

above

under "Other

References". The origin al authors

are

used

in

labeling

the

curves

on the

graph.

Tht? data i n t h e Iandolt-Bdrnstein tables, t h e In termt ional Crit ical

Tables and tab ulated here

are

l i s t ed as

r a t ios of e l e c t r i a l

resis-

t t v i t y with respect to t h e r es i s t i v i ty a t a da t um temperature of

273°K. The actual values of p27 for t h e samples used by the original

Wissner

i n

1915

(p

2 3

=

1.55

x

10-6 ohm-em) is suggested for

calcula-

The Iandolt-Wmstein tables report

%he

samples used by t h e authors

qqesr ing

i n their compilation

a5

annealed poly cry sta llin e specimens

w i t h a emall amount of impurities present.

mtfon i s

given about

any

of

t h e

samples in any

of the

sou~ces f

dsta.

The

is

1.55

x

10-6

1 fo r copper t o be

used

hvest igators are not avaiP8ble I

8

dat iun value deterninedl

by

king values of electr

1 al

r e s i s t i v t t y from these rat ios.

Ho

Other pertinent infor-

X-E-1


16/71

ELEcmcAIl

RESIS'FNL~ f C O P m

(coet.

1

Tables

of


p =


'273

=

Resistivity

at

273 KJ

(ohm-em)

1 Holborn Meissner I

*The

fifth decimal place of the electrical

resistivity ratio values is somewhat in

doubt.

Reprinted from

WADD

TECH.REPORT

60-56

X-E-2


17/71

TEMPERATURE,

O K

X-E-3


18/71

T e m p e r a t u r e ,

F

T e m p e r a t u r e , K

ELECTRlCAL RESISTIVITY VERSUS TEMPERATUREFOR COPPER

0.

I

c-

u-

-

-

E

L

-

a

L

.-

E

X-E-4


19/71

10

QO

Tempera ture , K

300

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY VERSUS TEMPERATURE

FOR

COPPER

X-

- 5


20/71

200

too

L

0)

IO

C

In

in

W

W

C

.e-

.-

L

+

I

W

In

W

w

C

I

L

1.0

2

0.1

4 0 IO2 IO

p ( 0 , 2 7 3 K,

,

Tesla

H X

P (0,T

TRANSVERSE MAGNETORESISTANCE ELECTRICAU

OF COPPER

{REDUCED

KOHLER

PLOT)

X-E- 6


21/71

I

m

io-’

-

X

E

E

r

.

2

>

In

In

a

.-

.-

+

.-

E

L

W

w 10-2

IO ^

I

T e mp e r a t u r e , F

10

T e m p e r a t u r e , K

100

TRANSVERSE

MAGNETORESISTANCE

OF

COPPER AT

1

TESLA

X-E-

7


22/71

TernDerature. F

i

Temperature,

K

TRANSVERSE

MAGNETORESISTANCE

OF

COPPER AT

10

TESLA

X-E-8


23/71

This Page Left Intentionally Blank.


24/71

2 Q

3

A L L O Y

CONTENT

4Q

ER

ALL

A T ' 3 0 0 K

X-E-10


25/71

0

O

+

3

x


26/71



27/71



28/71

10

Temperature

K

ELE TE AT R

u-2

X-E-E4


29/71

Sources Qf Data.:

International Crft ieal

Tables

of Numerical. Data, Physics, Chemis-bry,

and Technology,

Council by

the

Other References:

Cath, P . G.,

Amsterdam9

Holborn, L.

;

Justi, E. ;

Pbysi

Meissner

,

W. ;

Eaeissner, W.;

ere, W. G.; Proc. Acad. Se i .

Comments

:

Bference should.

be

#?ace

a t t k eginnix%

of the

Electrical Resirttfvity section for

an explanation of the graph.

value

of

e lec t r i ca l ~ ~ ~ ~ s t ~ ~ i ~ yt 273%

(~27

for gold t o be used in

calculating mUess sf electrkoal

resist%vity

PT)

is 2.06 x 10-6

o h -

The data

fo r t

under “Sources

o

a”.

The values

l i s t ad i n

t

Iandolt-Btirnstein

tables

are tho

rted by Eeslborn; Justi; sn8 Meisener; while the

values appeeri mt snakCri t i ca l Tables

&re

those from

Cath, Omes st? y ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ 8xe

lists&

above under

“Qther

Reference6

’

curves

on the graph.

The

data i n

the bnd01-b

Tables and tabula% listed as r a t i of e lec t r i ca l resis-

t i v i t y with

respec%

o

eeistkvitg a t a

temperature

of

273°K-

The actual values

les used

by

the

several investlgat 8 d a t u m

value reported

by ner in 1915

elec

r i a l

resfstfvity from

these

ra t ios .

The

Iandolt-BiJarnstefn tables

s e p r t

t h e sample8 used by Meissner

are

polycrystalline with less

t

h p m i t i e s present . The

usedby

Weissner in

t h e

sample he used. in the

1

Holborn

and J u e t i

are

reported

SIUfll l Slgl Ut

Qf

~ ~ i - b ~ ~ 5

is given about any

o f

the B

The

m.

n k”rr0na the

references cited

above

original

author6

are

useel

h Labeling the

t e i n tables,

the International

C r i t i c a l

3 m e not available for t h e

( P q = 2.06

x

10”

ma) is suggested for a l c u

values of

was

8 c a s t

samplte; while

reference

was aged. me samples u5ed by

rys ta l l ine

w i t h a

r t i n e n t information

sourees

of

data.

X-F-1


30/71

~ C T R I C A L

RESISTIVITY of

GOLD

(Cont.)

Tables

of


p = Resistfvity, (ohm-cm)

'273

=

Resistivity at

2 7 3 ~ ,

(ohm-cm)

Temp.

C

-

84.97

-102 e

22

-130.28

-145.86

-164.37

-183

*

95

-205.31

-195.88

66 e

443

59.628

8 507

34.764

26.6

21.622

1 7 596

42 273

Cath,

(Xules and Burgers

Temp .

"C

-208.18

-216.26

-222.78

-228.73

-236.62

-233.62

-243.25

16.365

12. go6

LO.

30

7.680

5

.a04

4.667

3 538

Temp.

"C

-243.68

-245 80

-252 57

-255 -01

-258.35

-269 57

-268.88

-271.61

1 0 0 ~ / ~ 2 7 3

2.553

2.039

0.845

0 594

0

-379

0 .'223

0.223

0.223

I

BoLborn

I

Meis

ner I

Justi

0.0010g

0.oOlog

0.00707

0.2341

0.2480


31/71

1.5

I

I

I I I I I l l

I I I I I

I I Y

I I I I I I I I I

I

I I I I

, " " '

Coth ,Onnes

and

E LE C T R IC A L R E SIS TIV IT Y R A T IO

c.

urgers

.8

.

X-F-3


32/71

E T . S C m C f i BESISTIVITY

of

I ND IUM

In

(Atomic? Number 49)

Sources of

Data:

International Critical Tables of Numerical Data, Physics,

C h e m i s t r y ,

and Tkchnology,

s

1st

Edition, Published fo r th e National

Research

Council by thi? McGraw-Hill Book

Co.

Ine. (1929) pp. 124-135

Iandolt-Mrnstein Zahlenwerte

und

Funktionen aus Physik, Chernie,

Astronomie, Oeophysik und Technik, sechste

AufLage, I1

Band,

6 %il,

Springer-Verleg, Berlin (1959) pp. 1-46

Other Fkferences

:

Meissner, W.;

am, H.

and Westerhoff,

H.; Ann. Physik 5 )a, 55

(19321

Mei~sner,W.; Franz, H. and Westerhoff, 8.; Am. Physik

( 5 )

3 505

Meissner, W.

and

Voigt,

3.; Ann.

Physik

5 )

1,

61,

892

(1930)

Cuyn, W. and Onnes, K. H.; Proc.

Acad.

Sci. Amsterdam 26, 504

(1923)

(

1932

1

Comments:

Reference should be made t o t h e preface a t the beginning of t h e

Electrical Resistivity section for an explanation of t h e graph.

value of electrical r e s i s t i v i t y a t 273'K

(PP

ohm-cm.

since indium

becomes

a superconductor between

3.374

and 3.432'K.

The data

fo r

t h i s

graph were taken *om

t h e

references

cited

above

under

"Sources

of

Data".

The values

l i s t ed

i n

the

Landolt-B&nstein

tables are those reported by Meissner, Ram and Westerhoff; and

Meissner ana.

V o i g t ;

while those =lues

Critical Tables are

from

Tuyn

and

Onnes.

l i s t ed above

under "Other References".

i n label ing the three curves

on

t h e

graph.

The data

i n

t h e

Iandolt-Bdrnstein

tables,

the International Crit ical

Tables and tabulated

here

are l i s t ed as ra t io s of electrical resis-

t i v i t y with

respect t o t he

r e s i s t i v i t y a t a

datum

temperature of

273'K.

used by Meissner and Voigt; an$

k y n

and

Onnes so

a datum

val

e

reported by Meissner,

i s

euggested f or calc

these rat ios.

The

)

for indium t o be used

i n calculating values of electrical r e s i s t i vI? ( p ~ ) s 8.19 x 10-6

The curve8 should not be extrapolated t o lower temperatures

ecaring in the International

These

primary

sources

are

The origin al authors are used

The actual values of p 7 were not available for the samples

and Westerhoff (pP7 = 8.19 x la-' dlirol-cw)

values of electric21 re si st iv i ty from

X-G-1


33/71

Comments

:

(cont

.

The

Iandolt-Mrnstein tables

list

the

samples of

both references

L

polycrystalline

with Sol impurities in %he

rxmple used

by

Meissne

and V o i g t

and

a very smPl

amount of impurity

in

the

samples used

by Meissner,

Franz

apld Westerhoff.

of impurities

i n the

sample

usedby

ruyls and Qnnes, and

no

information

w a s given on the rnechanial strain OF heat

treatment

for

any of

the

samples

from any of the authors.

No

mention

is

made

of

the

mount

Tableo 0f Values

of


p = Resistivity, (ohm-em)

=

Resistivity

at 273 K, (ohm-cm)

'273

I

eissner and Voigt

Temp.

Meissner,

Franz

T u p and

Onnes

. .

R e p r i n t e d

from

W m D

TECH.REPORT

60-56

X-G-

2


34/71

TEMPERATURE,

K

X-G-3


35/71

ELECTRICAL RCSPSTNI CY of IRON, Fe

(Atomic Number 26)

Sources of Data:

International Critical Tables of Numerical Data, Physics, Chemistry,

and Technology, V I 1st Edition, Published for the National Research

Council by the McGraw-Hill Book Co.

Inc.

(1929) pp 124-135

Landolt-BBrnstein Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie,

Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik, sechste Auflage, I1 Band,

6

Teil,

Springer-Verlag, erlin

(1959)

pp

1-46

Other References

Cleaves, H. E. and Hiegel, J,, M.; J. Research Natl. Bur. Standards

RF 1472

-

8, 643 (1942)

Holborn,

L.;

Ann. Physik -9, 145 (1919)

Meissner,

W.;

Physik.

Z.

-

9, 897 (1928)

Comments

Reference should be made to the preface at the beginning of the.

ELLectrical Resistivity section for an explanation of the graph.

value of electrical resistivity at

273°K

(p for iron to be used in

calculating values of electrical resistivity

7

p

)

is 8.6

x 10-6

ohm-cm.

T

The data for this graph were taken from t.he references

cited above

under "Sources of Data". The values listed in the Landolt-&nstein

tables are those reported by. eissner; and Cleaves and Hiegel; while

those values appearing in the International Critical Tables are from

Holborn.

The original authors are used in labeling the two curves on the graph.

The data in the Landolt-BbnsteFn tables, the International Critical

Tables and tabulated here are listed as ratios of electrical resis-

tivity with respect to the resistivity at a datum temperature of

273°K.

investigators are not availabl~'~~ datum value reported by Cleaves

and Hiegel ( p

values of eles@ical resistivity from these ratios.

The Landolt-B8rnstein tables list the sample used by Cleaves and Hiegel

as an annealed polycrystalline specimen wtth less than

0

Ol$ impurities.

m e sample usedb y Meissner is reported as

an

annealed polycrystalline

specimen with a very small amount of impurities present.

No

other

pertinent information is given on any of the samples in any of the

sources of data.

The

These primary sources are cited above under "Other References".

The actual values of p for the samples used by the several

= 8.6 x

10-6 hm-cm) is suggested for calculating

X-H-1


36/71

DCTFUCAL RESISTIVITYf IRON (cont.

Temp.

1 ~ ~ / ~ 2 7 3 C

Temp.

C

-192.7

-200 *

78.1 57

86

-100

* 47.3

-220 *

8 0 65 09

-240

*

120

*

.

38.1

-140 * 29 *2 -253

-160 * 20

- 7


l ~ p / p 2 7 3

8.48

6.2

2.7

1.4

1.13

p

=

Resistivity, (Ohm-Cm)

'273

=

Resistivity at

273"K,

(oh-cm)

1.98

4.21

20.4

78.2

o .000618

0

.om620

6 om761

0.0741

I

* Values from interpolation

I

Mei ner

Reprinted from

WADD

TECH.

REPORT

60-56

X-H-

2


37/71

X-H- 3


38/71

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY of I;EAD, Pb

(Atomic Number

Source of Data:

Landolt-Barnstein Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik

Astronomie, Geophysik

und

Technik, sechste Auflage, I1 Band, 6 Teil,

Springer-Berlag Berlin (1959) pp. 1-46

Chemie,

Other References:

Jaeger, W. and Diesselhorst, El ; Wiss. Abhandl. physik. tech.

Reichsanstdlt 3, 269

(19QQ)

Meissner,

W.

and Franz, El ; Z. Fhysik. -5, 0 (1930)

Meissner, W.; AM. Physik. (5) 3 ,

641

(1932)

Onnes, H. K. and T u p , W.; Communs. Kamerlingb Onnes Lab. Univ.

Leiden Suppl. No. 58 (1926)

Van den Berg, G.

J.;

Physica

-

4,111

(1948)

Comments

Reference should be made to the preface at the beginning of the

Electrical Resistivity section for an explanation

of

the graph. The

value of electrical resistivity at 273°K (~27 for lead to be used

ohm-cm. The curves on the graph should not be extrapolated to lower

temperatures as lead becomes a superconductor at 7.22"K.

It will be noted, however, that the data of Van den Berg extend into

the superconducting region. These data below the transition tempera-

ture were based on observations of the electrical resistance with the

lead subjected to a super critical magnetic field to maintain

electrical resistance.

The data for this graph were taken

from

the reference cited above under

"Source of Data".

The data listed in the Landolt-Bhstein tables are

those reported by the authors listed above under "Other References".

The original authors are used in labeling the curves on the graph.

The data reported in Landolt-Bbnstein and tabulated here are listed

as ratios of electrical resistivity with respect to the resistivity

at a datum teqerature

of 273°K.

The actual values of ~273 re not

available for the samples used by the original investigators so a

datum value reported by Jaeger and Diesselhorst

( p 2

3.=

19.2

x

from these ratios.

determining P273 as polycrystalline with less than 0 .OF impurities.

The Landolt-Hrnstein tables report the samples used by all of the

investigators as polycrystalline with a very small amount of impurities

present. No other pertinent information is given about any

of

the

samples used by any of the investigators.

in calculating values of electrical resistivi y (m) is

19.2

x 10-6

ohm-cm) is suggested for calculating values of elec1 ical resistivity

Jaeger and Diesselhorst report the sample used in

x-1-1


39/71

EI;ECTRZCU

RESISTIVITY

of (Cont.)

Temp.

*

K

7.26

14.32

20.52

88.56

73.11


p

=


'273

= Resistivity at

273"K,

(ohm-cm)

"'273

o.ooio

0.0113

0.0301

0.2895

0.2321

+

These measurements were made with the aid of a super-

critical magnetic field at temperatures at which lead is

normally a superconductor.

explanation see the preface of the electrical re-

sistivity section.

(For a more detailed

R e p r i n t e d from WADD TECH. REPORT

60-56

x-1-2


40/71

TEMPERATURE,

O K

X-1-3


41/71

Sources of Data:

Other Ref erences

:

Dewar,

J.

and

Fleming,

J. A.;

Phi l .

Mag.

(5) 36

271

(1893)

Niccolai, Go; Physik. Z.

2,

367

(19

Rosenberg, H.

M.;

Phil.

Mag.

kJ 73 (1954)

Yntetua,

G.

E.; BWs.

Rev.

-

1,

1388

(1953)

Meissner, We and

Voigt, E.;

e

Phs sik (5)

1, 61,

892

(19301

Ccmments

Reference should

Electr ical Resis ection for

n

explanation

of

the graph. The

value of eleckr ical res i s t iv i t y at 273°K (p2 3 ) for magnesium t o be

use i n calculating values

of

e lec t r i ca l r es l s t i v i ty

(PT)

is 4.31 x

The data fo r t hi $ graph were taken from t h e references cited above

under "Sources

of

Data . The values l i s ted i n the IandQlt-Nrnstein

tables are those reported by Meiasner

l a i ; Rosenberg;

a d

Yntem;

while

those values

list@

ional Cri t ical

Tables

are

from

p)ewa;r and Fleming.

s o u ~ c e sare l i s t e d

above under "Other References".

labeling the

c m

on the

graph.

The data reported in the hndolt-J3drnstd.n tab les, the In te rm ti om 1

Critical L'ables,

and

tabulated here

are

l i s ted

88

r a t ios

of

e lec t r i ca l

r es i s t i v i ty

w i t h

respect

t o

the r e s i s t i v i ty

at a

273°K. The

actual

values

used

by

t h e se e r s 1 inves t

Niccolai ( p273 = 4.33. x

10

values

of

e lec t r i ca l r es i s t i v i ty from these ra tios.

The sample used

by

Meissner and V o i g t is reprt;ed by Landolt-

Bhnstein

as

polycrystalline and annealed

i n

a

yi~cum

t

250OC.

me

sample used by Yntem was of a polycrystalline nature w i t h l e s s

than

0.- impurities present.

The

Yntem sample w a ~ lso annealed but no

mention i s of con&itions. Tie samples used by Ro6enberg and

Niccolai

are

reported

as

polycrystalline with very few impurities

present.

NO

other pertinent information

was

given about

any

of the

samples

used

by any of the authors.

t o t h e preface a t t h e beginning of the

10-

ohm-cm.

The original authors

are

used in

um temperature of

3

a r e not available for

t he samples

s so a da tm value reported by

-cm)

i s s u g g e e t m ~ or calculating

X-J-1


42/71

E L E C ~ C A L

RESISTIVITY of

MAGNESIUM

(Cant.

Tables

of Values of

ELectrical

Resistivity


'273

= Resistivity at 273°K (ohm-cm)

Roselzberg

1.27

8 O329

2.5 o

.00630

3.16

0.0326

5

0.00623

4.20

0.0323

10

o

.00632

20.46 0.0344

1 5 0.0068

77.6 0.1576 25 0.0096

88.2

o

.2006

* The second decimal place is

in

doubt.

The fifth decimal place is in doubt.

Yntema

Temp.

K

1.30

4.21

0 -00537

o

.00516

Dewar and

Fleming

Temp.

"C

- 78.3*

-100

-120

-140

-16s

-180

-182. y+

-

68.2*

67.4

59.0

50.5

41.9

33.2

24.4

23

.o*

*

Results of actual observations.

A l l

other

values from interpolations.

R e pr i n t e d

from WADD TECH.

R E P O R T 60-56

X-J- 2


43/71

15

I

.8

.6

4

.3

m

Q

Q

b

.2

\

d

I

U

I

I

a

>

.I

2 .08

lil

-

: 06

d

0 .04

y .O?

E

U

I

o

W

.02

.O

.me

.OOE

.004

TEMPERATURE, O K

X-J-3


44/71

ELJXTFUCAL PIESISmTY of MOLYBDENUM, Mo

(Atomic Number

42)

Sources of

Data:

In ternat ional Cr i t ica l Tables of Numeric:;rl Data, Ph ys ics, Chemistry,

and Technology,

s

s t

Edition, Published

f o r

the National Research

Council by th e McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. (1929) pp. 124-135

Landolt-B8rnstein Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik , Chemie,

Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik, se ch st e Auflage,

I1

Band, 6 Tei l ,

Springer-VerLag, Berlin (1959) pp. 1-46

Other References:

Blom,

E.

C.; Phys. Rev. -

3,

308 (1919)

Ilolborn, L.; Ann. Physik.

-

9,

145 (1919)

Meissner,

W.

and Voigt, B.; Ann. Physik. (5 ) 7

61,

92

(1930)

Comments

:

Reference shouldbe made

t o

th e preface a t th e beginning of t h e

Elec t r i ca l Res i s t iv i ty sec t ion

f o r

an explanation of th e graph. The

value of e le c t r i ca l r e s i s t iv i ty a t 273°K (p2 3)

f o r

molybdenum t o be

used i n ca lcula t ing values of e l e c t r i c a l r e s l s t i v i t y ( pT)

i s 4.4 x

10-6 ohm- cm.

The data f o r t h i s graph were taken from th e references c it e d above

under "Sources of Data". The values l i s t e d i n th e Landolt-Bkmstein

ta bl es ar e those rep ort ed by Meissner and Voigt; and Blom; while those

values l i s t e d by the In tern atio nal C ri t i ca l Tables a re from Holborn.

These ori gi na l authors are used i n labelin g th e

two

curves on the

graph.

The

data i n the Landol t-B8rnstein ta bles , the In tern at iona l C r i t fca l


are

l i s t e d a s r a t i o s

of

e l e c t r i c a l r e s i s t i v -

i t y with respect t o t he r e s i s t i v i ty a t

a

datum temperature of 273°K.

The actual values

of

~ 2 7 3 o r the samples used by the several

invest igators are not avai lable

s o

a datum value reported by Blom

( ~ 2 7 2

4.4

x

10-6

ohm-cm) i s suggested for calculating values of

e l ec r i c a l r e s i s t i v i t y f rom th e se r a t i o s .

The Landolt-Bbrnstein tables l i s t the samples used by both authors

as polycrystalline with no mention made of impurit ies present. No

reference i s made

as t o

the nature of the sample used by

Holborn,

and no information i s available on mechanical strain o r h e a t t r e a t -

ment f o r any

of

the samples

from

any of th e sources of data .

X-K-1


45/71

ELECTKKCAL ~ I S ? ? V I T Y f MOLYBDENUM

(Cont.)

Holborn

i

p

=

Resis t iv i ty , (ohm-cm)

'273

=

Resis t iv i ty at 273 K, (ohm-cm)

-140

-la

-l&*

-192.5

40.5

32.2

24.2

19.11

- 78.2

- %o*

-1om

-l20*

*

Values

from

in te rpola t ion

66.60

65

-9

57.4

48.9

m

o

.0462

0.0455

0.0448

0.1370

86.9

0.1701

Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56

X-K-

2


46/71

I

I

.8

.6

m

4

c?

G

t

.3

a

\

Q

..

U

2.

I-

-

L

t- .2

2

v

W

U

.04

.03

I

2

3 4

6

8

IO 20

30

40 60

80

100 200 300

TEMPERATURE,

O K

X-K-3


47/71

Other References:

Fleming, J. A.;

c . (London) g 0 (

Xk?war,

J.;

Proce Roy.

k i s s n e r , W. ; Physik.

2.

Wise,

E.

M.;

~ o c .st. Mi

Comment8 :

Reference should be made t o the preface at the beginn- of the

Electrical Resis t ivi ty sec'&lonf ~ rn explanation of the graph.

value of e lec tric al res ist ivi ty

a t 273°K (~273) or

nickel

t o

be wed

i n calculeteing eleetrica.1 re st st iv it y is 6,14 x 10-6 ohm-cm.

The

data

for

this

under "Sources of vaPazela l i s t ed i n the Escn&olt-BdmatePn

tables are those re

s p a r i n g in the International &i%le

F l m h g .

These pr ferencee

are

cited above under Other

References"

.

The

authors

are

used. in labeling

both

e w e s

on the

graph.

The data

i n

t he


are

listed.

as

ratios

of

elect r ical resis-

tivity with respect

t o

the resist ivi ty

a t

a datum temperature

of 273°K.

The actual values

of

p273

for the

samples usedby

the severel fnve8ti-

gators

are

not

available 80 a datum value reported by Wise (p27 =

res is t iv i ty

frsm these

ratios.

he Landoit-mmstein

t a m s

itst the IE~ usedby Wiee as ply

cryetalline

with

O.Ql$ impur2ties of m composition. The

sample

used

by Meissner

is reported as a

hydrogen

atmosphere.

any of the srsmples

from

e y of' the sources of data.

The

references ci%eda b m

bkissner and Wise; while those values

les a r c

from

Dewar est

stein

tablea, the

lntermstionab @ritf

6.14

x

10-6

ohm-an)

is suggested for

caLcu3atir.g

values

of elee2 I C ~

l l h e and annealed

in a

Ele

further

pertinent

Mornaation

i s

avai2rable

om

x-L-1


48/71


p

= Resistivity, (ohm-cm)

p273 = Resistivity at 273"K, (ohm-cm)

Dewar and Fleming

I

I

I

- 78.3

- 8 0 f

-100 +

-120 +

-140 +

-160 +

61.3

60 5

51.8

43.7

36.1

28.7

-180 +

-182. g

-200 +

-220 +

-240 +

-252 7

a . 7

20.8

15.6

l l . 2

8.9

8.5

+ Values are from

interpolation

Meissner

1.34 0.00503

4.21

0.00508

20.40 0.00662

78.8 0.0919

87.4

0

-1179

* The second decimal

r

lace is in doubt.

* The fifth decimal

place is in doubt.

Repr in t ed .

from WADD TECH, R E P O R T 60-56

x-L- 2


49/71

TEMPERATURE, O K

x-L-3


50/71

ELECTFUCAL RESISTIVITY of

NIOBILM,

Nb

(Atomic Nuder

41)

Source of Data:

Landolt-B8rnstein Zahlenwerte

und

Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie,

Astronomie, Geophysik

und

Technik, s ech ste Auflage,

I1

Band,

6

T e i l ,

Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1959) pp

1-46

Other References

:

Meissner,

W .

Franz, H. and Westerhoff, H.;

A n n

PhysIk

( 5 ) I

593

(1933)

Reimann,

A.

L. and Grant,

K.;

Phil. Mag.

(7) -

2, 34

(1936)

Comments

:

Reference should be made t o the beginning of the E le ct ri ca l R es is tiv ity

s ec t io n f o r an explanation of the data.

r e s i s t iv i t y a t 273°K

p

values of e l ec t r i c a l r e2 l d t iv i ty

(p)

i s

1 6 . 1

x 10-6 ohm-cm. This data

should not be extra polat ed t o lower temperatures as Niobium becomes a

superconductor between 8.7 and 8 . 9 " ~ .

The data presented here were taken from the reference ci te d above

under ''Source of Date". The values l is ted

i n

the Landolt-B8rnstein

ta bl es ar e those r epor ted by Meissner, Franz and Westerhoff; and

Reimann and Grant, c i t e d above under "O ther References".

The data reported

i n

th e Landolt-B8rnstein ta ble s and tab ula ted here

a r e l i s t e d a s r a t i o s o f e l e c t r i c a l r e s i s t i v i t y w it h. re sp ec t t o t h e

r e s i s t i v i ty a t a datum te m pe ra tu e of 273°K. The ac tx al valu e

of p

i s

not av ail abl e f o r th e sample used by Meissner, e t

a l . s o

a

dat iz i

va lue re po rt ed by Reimann and Grant (

p

= 1 6 . 1 x 10-6 ohm-cn) i s

suggested f o r calcul at ing values of re%&Avity from these ra t io s .

The Landolt-BBrnstein tables

l i s t

the samples used

by

Meissner, e t

a l .

as

polycrysta l l ine wlth

0.0% O2

and

0.0% Ta

impuri t ies present .

othe r pert i nent information i s given about e it h e r of t he samples.

The value of

t h e

e l e c t r i c a l

)

fo r Niobium t o be used i n calcu lat ing

273

No

Table of Values of Elec tr i ca l Re sis t iv i ty

p

=


=

R e si s ti v it y a t 273"K, (ohm-cm)

p273

Meissner, Franz and Westerhoff

Temp.

K

R e p r i n t e d

f r o m

WADD

T E C H . R E P O R T

60-56

X-M


51/71

Sources

of

Data:

e i l,

Other References:

Heming, F.;

Holborn, L.;

Meissner,

W e ; Ann.

Physik (4)

-7, 1001

(L9l5)

Meissner,

We ; Physik Z.-7, 725 (1926)

Meissner, W. and Gmssmm P.; Physik Z. 4, 516 (1933)

Onnes, H.

K.

and Turn,

W.;

6

ys.

Lab. Univ. Leiden Suppl. No.

Van der Horst, H. D.; T u p , W. and OISsles,

K.

H.; Private communication

LX> Berl in , Springer-Verlag (1926)

-8

(1926)

Comments:

Reference

should

be mde to the preface a t the beginning of th e

E lec t r i c a l

Resistkvity

secti on f o r an explanation of th e graph.

value

of

e l e c t r i c a l r e s i s t t v i t y

a t

273'K

(p

used in calculat ing values of e l e c t r i c a l r e % &i v it y

(pT)

i s 9.81 x 10-6

ob-cm.

The data

f o r

t h i s

graph

were taken from the references cited above

under "Sources of Data".

t ab le s ar e those r e p Q ~ e dy Hobborn; Meissner; and Meissner and

Grassmann;

while

those values appearing

i n

t he In t e rna t iona l C r i t i c a l

Tables are from

Onnes. These

p

ea above under "Other References".

The original authors

are

used i n l a b e l h g the s evera l curves on the

graph.

The data i n t he Landolt-B m t e i n t ab le s , the In t e rna t iona l C r i t i c a l

Tables and tabulated

h

listed

a s r a t i o s of e l e c t r i c a l r e s i s t i v i t y

wlth r e spect t o the re

The

actual.

values

of p

are not avai lable $

10-6 ow-cm)

i s suggested

f o r

c d c d a t i n g v alu es

of

electr?Z& resis-

t i v i t y f r o m these

rel;%oe.

The

)

f o r pla tinum

t o

be

The values l is ted

i n

th e Landolt-B8rnstein

es; ind

Van

der

Horst,

rUyn

and

f -v ity a t a datum temperature of

273°K.

OF

the

samples used by the varlous investigators

value

reported

by

Meissner

(P

=

9.81

x

X-N-1


52/71

3

EI;ECTFUCAL RESISWTY

of PLAmNObl

(Cont

.

comments (cont.

m e sample usedby Holborn is reported in the Laadolt-l%rnstein

tables as cast polycrystalline with a very

small

amount of impurities

present.

with a very small

amount

of impurities present.

f r o m

the

1915

reference is reported to have been annealed.

used by Meissner and

Grassmann

is reported as

an

annealed polycrystalline

sample

with

less

than

O.QOl$ of C u and Pb impurities present.

pertinent information is given on any

of

the samples fron any of the

sources of data.

The samples used by Meissner are resorted

as polycrystalline

The sample

The Meissner sample

No other

Tables

of

Values

of



'273

= Resistivity at 273 K, (ohm-cm)

* m e second decimal place is in doubt.

* The fifth decimal place is in aoubt.

X-N-

2


53/71

EI;ECTRICAL

I E S I S m T Y

of

PI,A"INUM (Cont.

Table

of

Values

of


p

=


= Resistivity at 273 K,

(ohm-cm)

p273

Temp.

C

-80

-

90

-100

-120

-140

-160

-180

-200

-210

-220

-230

-240

-250

-255

-260

-265

-270

Tuyn

and

Onnes

100P/P273

68.158

600053

51.863

43 595

3502x3

26.709

18.176

64.11-3

1 4 OOg

--

--

--

--

1.5885

1

335

1

239

1.225

68.017

63.955

59 874

5 1 650

43 337

34.

go4

26.356

17 750

1 3 563

9

587

6.030

3 9252

1 = 5 n

1.1263

0.894

0.810

0.7863

Heming

273

OOo/p

67.782

63.688

59 576

51.295

42.928

34.463

25.885

17.268

--

--

--

--

0&06

--

--

--

Repr in t ed

from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56

X-N- 3


54/71

TEMPERATURE,

O M

X-N-

4


55/71

Other

References:

p Je

As;

Phil.

a

Y. s c i . ( 5 ) , 271 (1893)

ik

2

45

(1

,

.

J.;

Physica 2, 440 (1936)

zi 27, 725 (19269

-

6.

Proc.

Acad. Sci. hsteribm

-

0,

207

(Lg

Comments:

Reference should be made

t o t h e

preface

a%

t h e

beginnfng

of

t h e

Elect r ica l ~ s i ~ t i ~ ~ t yect ion for

i n

cs l cu la t i

explanation of the

and

Clay.

These

pr.i

ferences". The

or ig

drnstein tables, t h e International.

C r i t i c a l

l e

ueed

by

Meissner

was

8 Listed for any of t h e

es in

m y

of

the

x-0-1


56/71

EIXCTFIICAL

RESISTIVITY

of

SILVER (Cant


p

= Resistivity, (ohm-cm)

=

Resistivity at 273 K, (ohm-cm)

p273

Omes and Clay

I

~ r - - - - - - -eissner

L l

7.4 0.2349

Van den Berg

Temp.

K

4.2

6.0

.4

10.8

20.4

o a 0 2 6 6

0.00268

0.00274

0.00288

0

.OS543

*

The second decimal place

of

the temperature values is somewhat

in doubt.

**

The fifth decimal place of the electrical resistivity ratio values

is somewhat in

doubt.

c

Values from interpolation.

R e pr i n t e d

from WADD TECH.REPORT

60-56

x-0- 2


57/71

FOR SILV R

p 7 3 =

1 47 ohm cm

TEMPERATURE O

X 0 3


58/71

Other References:

Burgers w e c d Basat

J.

C.

M e ;

2.

Holborn,

Le;

A m . Physik

9 45

(1919)

Mekrman, 6. C . ) e t t , L.

E.

and Wilhelm, J. 0 ; Trans.

Roy.

Sge.

can. 3,

111, 287

Meissner W.

and

eme

Chens. 16, 223

19341

Comments:

Reference should be m s t b t o the preface a t the beginning of the

Electrical WeEaistivity section

f o r

an explanation of the graph.

value of e l e c t r i c a l r e s l s t 2 v i ty a t

2'73'K P

used

in

calculating values of

e l e c t r i c a l re

The

1 f o r tantalum

t o

be

t i v i t y

Pqc) i f3 12.4

x

eonductor at 4.3

e

c m e s 18 t h not be extsapol

s as tantalum

The

data

for

this

graph

were

taken

from

t h e

references

ci te&

above

under

Sources of

Data . The values l i s t e d i n t h e

tables are t rs and Basart; Itrlekn

t h e I n te r na t iona l Cr i t i c a l Tables are from Holborn.

t while those m

are c i t e d above under Other References

e

he

l authors

are

use& i n l a b e l i n t h e c w e 8

on t h e

s t e i n t a b le e , the In t e rmt iona l CrLtfeal

e l i s t ed as

r a t i o s of e l e c t r i c a l resis-

t i v t t y with

r e e p x t

t o t h e r e s i a t i v i t y a t EL

d a t u m

temperature

of

273°K. Z he

actual

values o ava i lab le f ~ r he samples

tun value repor ted

by

i c s l

r e s i s t i v i t y from t h es e r a t i o s .

s t ig at or s appear ing in Iandolt-

ine with

no

mention made sf impurities.

No other pertinent information

i s

given about

any

of

th@ samples

from any of the soureea

of data.

x-P-1


59/71

ELECTRICAL

R E S I S ~ ~ T Yf TANTALUMCont.

4.29

4.49

20.44

88.30

77.61


p

=


=

Resistivity at 273'K, (ohm-cm)

%73

0.oOolg

0.oogg

0

. o m

0.2037

0.2511

4.3

20.6

8

.O

7 i i E p F

100

-120

o

.029

0 033

0.230

Meissner and Vaigt

emp.

Temp.

O C

-140

-160

180

-I-

-192.6

49.6

41.9

34.3

29

55

McLennar., Howlett

*

The second decimal place

of

the temperature

values is somewhat i n doubt.

Values from interpolation.

Reprin ted from

WADD

TECH.REPORT 60 56

x-P- 2


60/71

I o

.8

.6

.4

.3

.2

I

08

06

.04

03

.02

.01

008

E L E C T R I C A L R E S I S TI V IT Y R A T I O

t

FOR TANTALUM

300

TEMPERATURE, O K

x-P-3


61/71

Sources of Data:

eil,

Other References:

Jaeger, W, and Diessebhorst H.;

wise.

Abbndl . physik. tech.

~e

ichsanstalt

,

-

269 ~ Q O O

Meissner, W.; Phyaik, Z. _ p6, 689 (l

Comment :

Reference

shoul

The

value of

the

electrical ~~~~~~~~~~ at

273'K P z

in

calculating

values

sf

ct r icsk re s i s t iv i ty p y l

is 11.15

x 10-6

ohm-cm. he curves shoul ~ ~ ~ ~ ~o lower temperatures

as

tin

becomes a. supreonductor EA%

.74 K.

to

$he

preface

at

t h e

beginning

of

the

i t y

section

for

rim

explanation of the graph.

for t i n t0 be

used

from Onnes and sources

are

l i s t e d bove under

in

tables the

Intermt ional

Critical

r i c a l resis%ivity at a datum

tempera-

r the samples used

by both

is suggested

for

calcula-

at ios . Jaeger and

the

polycrystalline

les

from any of the

X-Q-1


62/71

EI;ECTRICAL

RESISTIVITY of TI-N

(Cone.

Tables of

Values

of Electrical

Resistivity

p

=

Resistivity,

(ohm-em)

= Resistivity at

273 K,

p273

(ohm-

cm)

Onnes and

T u p

-102.13

-127.50

-182.80

-202.07

-115.14

-141.06

-158

74

-194.07

57.36

52.16

47

25

41.90

34

9

25.44

20.98

17

79

-209

98

-2U3.30

-252 65

-254.95

-256.61

-258.89

-269

33

I

i

Meissner

14.67

ll.45

1.162

0.836

0 637

0.409

0.099

.?..sprinted from WADD TECH.REPORT 60-56

X-Q-

2


63/71

TEMPERATURE, O K

X Q 3


64/71

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY of SOME COMMERCIAL

ALLOYS

a t LGW TEMPERATURES

Sources of D a t a :

Low

Temperature

E l e c t r i c a l R e s i s t a n c e

of

F i f t e e n

C o m m e r c i a l

C o n d u c t o r s , O . E . Park, M,M. Fulk, M.M. R e y n o l d s . N B S R e p o r t

3517, Pages 1 0 1 & 102 , 1 9 5 4 )

E n g i n e e r i n g A l l o y s , 3 r d ed . , N o r m a n E . Woldman,

American

Soc ie ty

for

Metals,

(1954)

O t h e r R e f e r e n c e s :

E . F . B u r t o n

e t

a l ,

Phenomena a t t h e

Temperature o f L i q u i d

H e l i u m 2 4 5 - 2 8 1 ) R e i n h o l d P u b l i s h i n g C o r p o r a t i o n , N e w York

1 9 4 0 )

B r u c e C h a l m e r s , Proqress i n Metal P h y s i c s , Vol.

3

P r o p e r t i e s

of m e t a l s

a t

l o w t empera tures

by D .K .C . M a c D o n a l d , I n t e r -

sc ience P u b l i s h i n g C o m p a n y , 1 9 5 2 )

C o m e

n ts

X-R


65/71

Composition:

Manufacturer:

0

Temp. (

K )

19.7

76

O

193

.O

273.2

ADVANCE

54-55 Cu, 44-46 Ni

Driver Harris Co., Harrison, N.J.

4.62~10’~

4.73~10”~

4.7

6 ~ 1 0 ’ ~

Composition:

Manufacturer:

,

Compo si ion :

Manufacturer :

76

O

4.57~10‘5

193

O

273.2 4.74~LO”~

4.70~10-~

CHROMEL A

80 Ni,

20

Cr

Hoskins Mfg. Co., Detroit, Mich.

Temp. OK) I

p(ohm-cmh

I

19.7

1.0

2x10-

76.0

193 .O

273.2

1.03~10”~

.

1.04~10’~

1.05~10-~

t

I

CUPRON

55

Cu,

45

Ni

Wilbur

B.

Driver

Go.,

Newark, N.J.

X-S,T,U


66/71

EVANQHM

C o m p o s i t i o n :

20

C r ,

75

N i ,

2.75

A l ,

2.75

C u

Manufacturer :

Wilbur

B

D r i v e r C o. , N e w a r k , N . J .

I

0

T e m p .

(

K)

19.7 1.32~10'

193

O

1.33~10'~

273.2 1.33~10'~

MANGANIN


84

C u , 12 mn, 4 N i

10.5-13.5 M n 1-2

N i ,

b a l .

C u

Manufac ture r :

Wilbur B . D r i v e r C o . N e w a r k , N . J

D r i v e r H a r r i s , G o . , H a r r i s o n , N . J .

0

T e m p . ( K)

19.8

76 O 4.44~io-5

193.0 4.69~10'~

273.2 4.73~10'~

N I L S T A I N (SS

Typ

e

304)


0 . 1 1

Max. 6,

17-19

C r ,

7-11

N i , bal .Fe

Manufacturer : Seve ra l

I I

p

ohrn-cm)

19.7

5

.52x10-5

76

O

5.60~10'~

193 O 7. ~ X L O ~

0

T e m p . ( K)

273.2 ~.02x10-~

x-v

,


67/71

T R O P H E T

A

0

T e m p . ( K )

19.7

76.0

193 O

273.2

C o m p o s

it

o n : 80 N i ,

20

Cr

Manufacturer:

Wilbur B. D r i v e r

Co.,

Newark, N . J .

1.09~10-4

1.09~10'4

1.11~10-4


68/71

T e m p e r a t u r e , F

IO


K

100 300

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR

TYPE 3 4LSTAINLESS STEEL

x z 4


69/71

I

rn

K

E

I

0

W

-

I

-450

T e m p e r a t u r e

F

-

400

IO

T e m p e r a t u r e K

-30

-200

100

3

Jr

100

300

ELECTRICAL RESISTlVlTY VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR

TYPE 31 STAINLESSSTEEL

X-Z-6


70/71

I20

IO

x

E

c

0

ZI

>

In

” 90

c

.-

.-

c

70

60

50


F

700


K

650

-

.-

600 E

L

0

-

-

0

450

0

kl

-

4

350

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY

VER

S

TEMPERATURE F O R


71/71

T e mp e r a t u r e ,

000

00

0

IO

100 300

section10 resistivity

Documents