Section End QuizPage 1 of 18 Unit IGC1 Element 1 Sub Element 1.1 Q # 1. What barriers might there be to good health and safety practice? Ans: Complexity, conflicting demands, behavioural issues Q # 2 Define the terms Health Safety Welfare Ans:Healthabsenceofdiseaseorillhealth,safetyabsenceofriskof seriouspersonalinjury,welfareaccesstobasicfacilitiesincludingtoilets and rest areas, hygiene and first aid provisions. Sub Element 1.2 Q # 1 What are the 3 main reasons for managing health and safety? Ans: Moral, social (or legal), economic (financial) Q # 2 What should an employer provide to ensure health and safety: Safe place of _______________ Safe plant and ______________ Safe _______ of work Training, _____ and competency of Ans:fill in the blanks safe place of work safe plant and equipment safe systems of work training, supervision and competency of staff Section End QuizPage 2 of 18 Sub Element 1.3 Q # 1 What are the two main standards that the ILO has produced for health and safety?What do countries do with these standards? Ans:ILO has produced C155 and R164, which are then ratified by countries and implemented in national law. Q # 2 What are employers responsibilities under R164? Ans:Specifically,Article10ofR164putsthefollowingobligationson employers: To provide workplacesand work equipment, and use work methods, which are safe and no risk to health. To provide appropriate instructions and training. To provide necessary supervision. Toputinplacehealthandsafetyarrangementsadaptedtosuitthe size and nature of the undertaking. Toprovideanynecessarypersonalprotectiveclothingand equipment free of charge. Toensurethatthehoursofworkdonotadverselyaffectemployees safety and health. To remove any extreme physical and mental fatigue. To stay up-to-date with knowledge in order to comply with the above. In this way the responsibility is placed directly on the employer. However, it is also recognised that individual workers have a critical part to play in keeping workplaces safe, so workers are also given duties. Q # 3 What are employees responsibilities under R164? Ans: Takereasonablecareoftheirownsafetyandthatofotherpeople who might be affected by the things that they do and the thingsthat they fail to do. Comply with safety instructions and procedures. Use all safety equipment properly and not tamper with it. Report any situation which they believe could be a hazard and which they cannot themselves correct. Section End QuizPage 3 of 18 Report any work-related accident or ill-health. Q # 4 What action could be taken against organisations breaking health and safety law? Ans: Formalenforcementaction(improvementorprohibitionnoticesor similar) Prosecution of the organisation Prosecution of individuals Compensation through the civil courts Section End QuizPage 4 of 18 Unit IGC1 Element 2 Sub Element 2.1 Q#1WhatarethekeyelementsoftheILO-OSHhealthandsafety management system? Ans:Policy, Organising, Planning and Implementation, Evaluation, Action for Improvement, and Audit.Continual improvement is also important. Sub Element 2.2 Q # 1 Why is an organisations policy so important? Ans:Thehealthandsafetypolicyofanorganisationisanimportant documentthatsetsouttheorganisationsaimswithregardstohealthand safety, who is responsible for achieving these aims, and how the aims are to be achieved. This can be expanded on during the discussion!! Q # 2 Why might two organisations have different policies? Ans:Itshouldreflecttheparticularcircumstancesoftheindividual organisation:thehazardsandrisks,thesizeandthecomplexityofthe organisation.The policy musttherefore be developed andtailored tofitthe particular organisation that it exists to serve. Sub Element 2.3 Q # 1 What are the three key parts to a health and safety policy? Ans: TheGeneralStatementofIntentoutlinestheimportancethatthe organisationplacesonhealthandsafetyandthecommitmentthat canbeexpected.Itsetsaimsandobjectivesfortheorganisationto achieve. It is signed by the person in overall control of the organisation. TheOrganisationsectionhighlightstherolesandresponsibilitiesthat existatalllevelswithintheorganisation.Itshowsthelinesof responsibility and accountability. The Arrangements section provides the detail on how the organisation manages health and safety. It outlines Section End QuizPage 5 of 18 Thegeneralarrangementsthatrelatetohealthandsafetymanagement andthespecificarrangementsthatrelatetoindividualhealthandsafety topics and issues. Q # 2 What type of targets might be referenced in the policy (and where)? Ans:TheStatementofIntentmayalsosettargetsfortheorganisationto achieve. Possible targets might relate to: Accidentrates:toachieveareductionintheaccidentorill-health rate.Activemonitoring:tocompletesuccessfullyanumberofactive monitoring activities, e.g. successful completion of 90% of all supervisor safety inspections over a year. Completionofkeyactivitiessuchasthecompletionofrisk assessments across the organisation Delivery of training to all workers Development of a consultation process to engage the workforce Benchmarking against other organisations Section End QuizPage 6 of 18 Unit IGC1 Element 3 Sub Element 3.1 Q#1Whodoesanemployeroweadutytowithregardstohealthand safety? Ans: Own employees to ensure their H&S Other workers (not employees) e.g contractors Visitors Members of the public Q # 2 How can directors influence health and safety? Ans:Directorsensurethat:-policyisinplace,resourcesareallocated,the right people are in place with clear roles and responsibilities, there is a senior managerwithH&Sresponsibility,therearecompetentperson(s)appointed to adviseon H&S,the H&S performance isreviewed.The directorscascade their vision to junior managers through targets and objectives Q # 3 What are the key workers responsibilities? Ans:Workershavearesponsibilitytotakereasonablecareoftheirown health and safetyandthe health and safety of other people who might be affected by the things that they do (their acts) and the things that they fail to do (their omissions). Workers also have a responsibility to co-operate with their employer(forreasonsofhealthandsafety).Thesedutiesapplywhenthe worker is at work. Q # 4 What would you look for/check when selecting a contractor? Ans: A copy of their health and safety policy. Examples of risk assessments. The qualifications and training records of staff. Membership of a professional organisation or certified body. Records of maintenance and test for plant and equipment. Names of previous or current clients. Section End QuizPage 7 of 18 Accident history records. Records of enforcement action taken by authorities against them. Proofofadequateresources,suchasaccesstospecialistsafety advice. Sub Element 3.2 Q # 1 Give a definition of Health and safety culture? Ans:Anyappropriatedefinition,coveringpointssuchassharedattitudes andbeliefsabouthealthandsafetyetc.suchasThesafetycultureofan organisation is the way that everyone within the organisation thinks and feels about health and safety and how this translates into their behaviour. Q#2 Whatfactorscouldresultinthedeteriorationofthehealthandsafety culture of an organisation? Ans:Factorswhichcouldresultinthedeteriorationofhealthandsafety culture in an organisation include: Lack of leadership from management Presence of a blame culture Lackofmanagementcommitmenttosafety(e.g.sayingonething and doing another) Health and safety receiving lower priority than other business issues Organisationalchanges(frequentorpoorlycommunicatedchange can result in uncertainty) High staff turnover rates Lack of resources e.g. too few workers due to downsizing Lack of worker consultation Interpersonal issues e.g. peer group pressure, bullying or harassment Poor management systems and procedures External influences e.g. economic climate resulting in hard operating conditions Q # 3 What indicators can be used to assess the health and safety culture? Ans: Indicators include accidents, absenteeism, sickness rates, staff turnover, staff complaints, Section End QuizPage 8 of 18 Q # 4 What is peer pressure? Ans:Peerpressureisthewaythatcolleagues(peers)exertinfluenceover others in order to shape their behaviour. Sub Element 3.3 Q#1Whatthreekeyfactorsinfluenceaworkersbehaviour?Give examples of each? Ans:Job, organisation, individual Jobfactorstask,workload,environment,displaysandcontrols (interface with equipment), procedures Organisationalfactorssafetyculture,policiesandprocedures, leadership,supervisionlevels,peerpressure,consultation, communication, training, work patterns (shifts etc) Individual factors attitude, competence, motivation Q # 2 What is competence? Ans:Competence KATE (Knowledge, Ability, Training, Experience) Q#3Howcananorganisationinadvertentlymotivatepeopletobehave unsafely? Ans:Classicissueisplacingincentiveonthewrongbehaviour,e.g.by paying for work rate ratherthan asa day rate(encouragescorner cutting) orrewardinglowaccidentrate(resultinginaccidentsbeinghiddenrather than investigated) Q # 4 Suggest reasons why two people may perceive hazards differently? Ans:Sensoryimpairment/disabilitysensesimpairedbyPPEorbackground noiseetc,illness,stress,fatigue,drugs/alcohol,previousexperience,training and education. Section End QuizPage 9 of 18 Sub Element 3.4 Q # 1 How can directors/managers demonstrate their commitment to health and safety? Ans: Behaving safely. Involvementintheday-to-daymanagementofhealthandsafety, e.g. by attending safety meetings. Taking part in safety tours or audits. Promoting changes to improve health and safety. Enforcing the company safety rules. Q # 2 What are the 3 different communication methods that are used? Ans:written, verbal, graphic Q # 3 What is the difference between consulting and informing? Ans:Consulting-thetwo-wayexchangeofinformationandopinion between the employer and workers so that the best course of action can be agreed.Thisimpliesthattheemployerlistenstotheconcernsofhisworkers andchangeshisplansasnecessary.Trueconsultationthereforeprovidean opportunityforworkerstofeedbacktomanagementontheirfeelingsand opinions on health and safety matters. Informing-providinginformationtoworkersinaformthattheycan understandandthencheckingthattheinformationhasbeenunderstood. The information flow is one-way and the employer does not have to take any notice of feedback. Sub Element 3.5 Q#1Whattypesofemergencysituationmightanorganisationneedto consider? Ans:Foreseeable emergencies depending upon the organisation include fire, bomb threat, chemical spills, toxic gas release, disease, severe weather, flood, multiple casualty accident. Section End QuizPage 10 of 18 Q#2Youaredevelopingfireresponsearrangementswhatkeythings would you include?Ans:Procedurestobefollowed/evacuationprocedures,provisionof suitableequipment,nominatedfiremarshallsetc,provisionofinformation and training, notices etc, drills and exercises.Sub Element 3.6 Q # 1 What is the basic function of a first aider? Ans:Preserve life, prevent worsening, promote recovery, and provide simple treatment for minor injuries. Q#2Whatshouldbeconsideredwhendeterminingthenumberoffirst aiders on site? Ans: The number of workers on site Thedistributionofworkers(e.g.aretheremoreinoneareaorata certain time of day) The shift patternsadopted adequate cover must be provided for all shifts, including weekend and nightshift operations. The need to provide first aid cover during absence e.g. for holidays or during illness Q # 3 What other factors should be considered when evaluating the overall level and type of first aid provision for a site? Ans: The general risk level of the workplace. The hazards present in the workplace. Accident history. Specificproceduresrequirede.g.sometoxicmaterialshave specific antidotes or first aid protocols. The presence of vulnerable persons. The number of workers in the workplace. Work patterns and shift systems of workers. The geographic location of the workplace. The spread of the workplace. Section End QuizPage 11 of 18 Unit IGC1 Element 4 Sub Element 4.1 Q # 1 What are SMART objectives? Ans:Objectiveswhicharespecific,measureable,achievable,reasonable, time bound Q#2 Howcansafetyandhealthpractitionerskeepuptodatewithlegal requirements? Ans:Electronicnewsletters,professionalorganisationspublications, subscriptions and update services, seminars and conferences. Sub Element 4.2 Q # 1 Define hazard and risk? Ans: Hazard=something with the potential to cause harm, Rrisk = likelihood of harm occurring combined with the severity of harm Q # 2 Define accident injury accident and near miss? Ans: Accident= unplanned, unwanted event leading to injury or loss,Injury accident = unplanned, unwanted event leading to personal injury,Near miss = unplanned, unwanted event which could have resulted in injury or loss but didnt Q # 3 What are the 5 steps to risk assessment? Ans: Identify the hazards. Identify the people who might be harmed and how. Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions. Record the significant findings and implement them. Review and update as necessary. Section End QuizPage 12 of 18 Q # 4 What should a suitable and sufficient risk assessment contain? Ans:Name and competence of assessor Hazards and risks arising from work Persons at risk Evaluation of current controls Identify protective measures Prioritise corrective actions Record of significant findings Appropriatelevelofdetail/complexityfororganisation,andin proportion with risk level Period assessment will remain valid for. Q # 5 Who should be considered in a risk assessment? Ans:Employees,otherpersonssuchascleaners,maintenancestaff, visitors,contractors,membersofthepublic,vulnerablegroupssuchas young persons or pregnant workers,Q # 6 How is risk evaluated? Ans:Bycombininglikelihoodofincidentwithseverityofoutcometogivea risk rating. Sub Element 4.3 Q # 1 Outline the general hierarchy of control? Ans: Elimination. Substitution. Engineeringcontrols(isolation/totalenclosure,separationor segregation, partial enclosure, safety devices) Administrative controls (SSofW, reduced exposure, IITS) Personal protective equipment Section End QuizPage 13 of 18 Sub Element 4.4 Q # 1 What internal sources of health and safety information are there within an organisation? Ans:Internal information sources: Accident records. Medical records. Risk assessments. Maintenance reports. Safety representative inspections. Audit reports. Safety committee meeting minutes. Q # 2 What external sources of information are there? Ans:External information sources: National legislation (e.g. regulations). Material safety data sheets from manufacturers. National codes of practice and guidance notes. Nationalandinternationalregulatorybodiese.g.HSEintheUK, OSHA in Europe see below for examples of their websites. Manufacturers operating instructions. Trade associations. Safety journals and magazines. Sub Element 4.5 Q # 1 What is a safe system of work? Ans:Asafesystemofworkisaformalprocedurebasedonasystematic examination of work in order to identify the hazards. It defines safe methods of working which eliminate those hazards or minimise the risks associated with them.Q # 2 Who is responsible for developing safe systems of work? Ans: The employer Section End QuizPage 14 of 18 Q # 3 What are the advantages of a written procedure over a verbal one? Ans:Ensures consistency, provides a reference for use in training, provides a definitivedocumentaboutthewaytheprocedureshouldbedone.Also establishesastandardandprovidesawrittenrecordforuseduring investigations/review by regulators Q#4Whatarethekeystepsincarryingoutataskanalysisbefore developing a safe system of work (SREDIM) Ans:worth highlightingthatthey had abig cluethatthe examiner wouldnt give! Select the task to be analysed. Record the steps or stages of the task. Evaluate the risks associated with each step. Develop the safe working method. Implement the safe working method. Q#5Whatcontrolsmightbeimplementedtoensurethesafetyoflone working social workers? Ans:Monitor to ensure it is effective. Noloneworkingforcertainhighriskactivities(suchasvisiting potentially violent service users). Arrangements for remote supervision of workers. Proceduresforloggingworkerslocationswhenvisitinginthe community. The use of mobile phones or radios to ensure good communications. The issue of lone worker alarm systems to raise the alarm and pin-point the worker. Procedures to be adopted by workers when lone working. Emergency procedures. Training for workers in those procedures. Section End QuizPage 15 of 18 Sub Element 4.6 Q # 1What types of work require a permit to work? Ans: The sort of highrisk work that would normally be controlled by a permit system includes: Hot work (involving naked flames or creation of ignition sources). Work on high voltage electrical systems. Confined space entry. Work on operational pipelines. Excavating near buried services. Maintenance work on large, complex machinery. Q # 2 What are the key features of a permit to work document? Ans:IssueDescription of the work to be carried out (details of plant and location) Assessment of hazards associated with the job Controls required including Additional permits Isolation of services and supplies PPE Atmospheric monitoring etc Emergency procedures Receipt Signature of the authorised person issuing the permit Signatureofthecompetentpersonacceptingthepermit(knownas signing onto the permit or receipt) Clearance Signatureofthecompetentpersonstatingthattheareahadbeenmade safe(e.g.workcompleted)andthattheywereleavingtheareaand isolationscouldberemoved(knownassignofffromthepermitor clearance) Section End QuizPage 16 of 18 Cancellation Signatureoftheauthorisedpersonstatingthattheisolationshadbeen removed,the areahad been accepted back andthatthe equipment can be restarted (known as cancellation of the permit.). Extension may be a section allowing extension of permit. Q # 3 What are the main limitations of a permit to work system? Ans:Agoodpermitsystemisonlyasgoodasthepersonsusingit.Towork effectively: Only authorised persons should issue permits. permitissuers mustbefamiliar withthehazardsoftheworkplaceand the job to be carried out. Precautionsmustbecheckedbeforepermitsareauthorised(no issuing of permits from the desk!). Permits must never be amended. All permit conditions must be adhered to Staff must be trained and competent The system must be monitored to ensure that it is effective The PTW system must be appropriate for the nature of the business e.g. a bakery may require a less complex system than an oil rig Sufficient time must be allowed to ensure permits are issued correctly, andstafftrainedtoappreciatethis.Contractorsforexamplemay becomestressediftheprocessistimeconsuming,butmust appreciate that they are required to adhere to the system. Section End QuizPage 17 of 18 Unit IGC 1 Element 5 Sub Element 5.1 Q # 1 What is meant by active monitoring? Ans:Activemonitoring-Activemonitoringisconcernedwithchecking standardsbeforeanunwantedeventoccurs.E.g.tours,inspections.The intention is to identify: Conformancewithstandards,sothatgoodperformanceis recognised and maintained. Non-conformancewithstandards,sothatthereasonforthatnon-conformance can be identified and corrective action put in place to remedy any shortfall.Q # 2 What is meant by reactive monitoring? Ans:reactivemonitoringisthemonitoringofdatageneratedafter something has gone wrong and learning from mistakes Q # 3 Give examples of active monitoring techniquesAns: safety tours, surveys, sampling, inspections, audits Q # 4 What topics could be considered in a general workplace inspection? Ans:Firesafetyincludingemergencyescaperoutes,signs,and extinguishers. Housekeeping general tidiness and cleanliness. Environment issues such as lighting, temperature, ventilation, noise. Traffic routes safety of both vehicle and pedestrian routes. Chemicalsafetyappropriateuseandstorageofhazardous substances. Machinerysafetysuchascorrectuseofmachineguardsand interlocks. Electrical safety such as portable electrical appliance safety. Section End QuizPage 18 of 18 Welfare facilities the suitability and state of. Q # 5 What are accident rates used for? Ans:Accidentratesallowthecomparisonofdatabetweendifferent sites/organisations with different numbers of people