section d-5 plotting and labeling 1. objectives the student will: learn how to use the cps plotter...
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Section D-5 Plotting and Labeling
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Objectives
The student will:• Learn how to use the CPS plotter• Know how to label course lines, LOPs, DR positions,
Fixes• Know the required standards of accuracy for chartwork• Be able to plan a cruise
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The New Mk II Plotter
• Used to measure TRUE directions on a chart
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Plotting Shapes
North Arrow ALWAYS points North
(using Lat/Lo lines)
Clear tape allows navigator to mark and measure
distances
The New Mk II Plotter
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Boat symbol indicates
direction of travel
Arrow points to Reciprocal reading
on Plotter Rose
Grid Lines
Arrow indicates direction of
Bearing
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Reading the Scales
Longitude Chart Line
Points True North
Parallel to Longitude
Line
5
90° TRUE100°
Magnetic
Variation
10° West
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Reading the Compass
Rose
090°270°
000°
180°
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Finding the TRUE & Magnetic course between two points
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C 300/ 320 M
A
B
300° True
NORTH
Variation20° West
320°Magnetic
S 10.0
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Aid
We want to go 040° True from the aid
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C 0
40/ 0
20 M
Turn the Plotter Rose
to the direction 040°Variation20° East020°
Magnetic
S 10.
0
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130
True Bearing of 130°
/ 110 M
9
Aid
Turn the Plotter Roseto the bearing 130°
NORTH
Bearings go UNDER the line
Variation20° East
110° Magnetic
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Drawing Parallel Lines
.
NORTH
Plotter Roseindicates a bearing of
340°
Required distance
10
Parallel Lines
Bearing of 340° should
be maintained on plotter
Orig
inal L
ine
New
Lin
e
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Standards of Accuracy
• For directions– to the nearest degree– in 3 digits (e.g. 075)
• For time– to the nearest minute– in 4 digits (e.g. 1345)
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Standards of Accuracy continued
• For distances– to the nearest tenth of a nautical mile– 10.1 nm
• For positions expressed as latitude and longitude– to the nearest tenth of a minute L 43° 21.3’ N Lo 123° 10.5’ W
• For speed– to the nearest tenth of a knot – 5.2 kn
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Planning a Cruise
• Establish a point of departure– determine an accurate fix– aid “close aboard” means boat is at the aid
• use dot (or circle) at base of charted aid• charted dock can be point of departure
• Establish a destination– a clearly identifiable location marked on the chart and
recognizable from boat– last part of any cruise is done through conning
• Plot on chart
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Plotting and Labelling Chart
• Look for marked hazards– plot around them
• Track is the line showing the intended path of the boat.
• TRUE Course equals the Track unless compensating for wind or current– no wind or current in this course
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Labelling Charts
• A FIX
• A DR position
• Course Line– course in TRUE & Magnetic – speed
• LOPs
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XKnown position = FIX
C 045 / 055 M
S 6.0
Always draw lines from FIXes
The FIX
A FIX is plotted as a dot inside a small circle
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The DR Position
• Plotted– at any convenient time interval– every hour on the hour– when change in course– when change in speed– when a bearing is taken
• Usually plotted only one hour ahead of the boat’s position
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0900
C 045 / 055 M
S 6.0
0800
The DR Position
Note how all symbols have a dot marking the EXACT position
0700
FIX
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LOPs
• Drawn TOWARD the object from seaward
• Time is placed on the ‘north’ side of the line (FIX does not require LOPs labeled with time).
• Direction of Bearing (in True) is placed on the ‘south’ side of the line followed by a slash and the Magnetic Bearing
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Finding the Expected Duration
• Measure along the course line from the point of departure to the destination
• For Speed– powerboats, assume most economical cruising speed– sailboats, estimate from direction and force of wind
• 60D=St , solve for t
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Finding the Compass Course to Steer
CDMVT
To steer0
in this course
T plus or minus
V
From
compass rose
From
Course Plot
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Selecting Aids and Landmarks
• Study chart to find aids and landmarks you can use for either conning or plotting
• Identify possible LOPs– ranges, lights, steep cliffs, points of land in line, towers, steeples,
depths
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Using LOPs
• LOPs drawn parallel with the track can give an indication of “cross-track error”– the boat’s distance to the left or right of the track
• On the water, a back bearing on the point of departure will give an early indication if the boat is on track– calculate reciprocal, (boat track = +/- 180)
– if back bearing equals reciprocal, boat on course
– if back bearing less than reciprocal, boat is off course to left (Left Less)
– if back bearing greater than reciprocal, boat is off course to right
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Using LOPs continued
• An LOP that cuts the track can give an estimate of the distance travelled from the last known position (FIX)
• By taking time into account, determine– ETA – Speed Made Good
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0947
1000Measured distance
Using the measured distance (D),
And the time (t) it took to get to that bearing
you would find the Speed Made Good (SMG)
with 60D=St
Using your speed (s) and measured distance (D),
you would find the time (t) expected to get to that bearing from the FIX
with 60D=st
Add the time to the FIX time to get ETA
C 0
39 /
019
M
25
S 10.
0
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C 054 / 034
MS 6.0
18
00
17
00
18
43
347 / 327 M
2000
1843
1852
091 / 071 M
1900
C 0
23 /
003
MS
6.0
2100
C 119 / 099 M
2034
S 6.0
You are the navigator on a boat coming into port at dusk on a wet and very windy night.
You draw a line from your last FIX on a course of 054°T to the buoy CS 47.
You plot DRs as every whole hour approaches.
At 1843, you spot a buoy ahead and think you are on track.
You take a bearing of 347° True on a TV tower
You take a bearing of 091° True on a chimney.
FIX
You realize the buoy straight ahead is CS 48 which marks an area of foul ground.
At 1852, you alter course to 023°, again heading for buoy CS 47.
You mark DRs for every whole hour.
At 2034, you pass close aboard CS 47 and change course to 119° to follow the range into the harbour.
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Keeping a LOG
• To maintain a permanent record of the cruise
• Enter– times– courses steered– bearings– FIXes– ETAs– Latitude & Longitude
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LOG
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