section b 3 1 unit chance favors the prepared to master the reading skill to understand the text to...

Section B

3

1UNIT

Chance favors the prepared


To master the reading skill

To understand the text

To practice the phrases and patterns

To learn about giving a report

Objectives

The way to success

Warming-up

Reading skills

Text study

Comparative study

Contents

Unit project

Chance favors the preparedSection B

Warming-up

Lead-in

Background information


Video Watching

1. According to the speaker, what are the significant factors leading to success?

Tips

Tips

2. What is your understanding of the keys to success?

Tips

1 According to the speaker, what are the significant factors leading to success?

The key factors include:

passion, work, focus, push, ideas, persist, and serve.

In my view, the key qualities that contribute to success are faith, experience, courage, intelligence and diligence, relationship and leadership. Faith is a lump that brightens the mind; experience is a teacher that tells you to be or not be, to do or not to do; courage is a great power that pushes you forward while you are lost; intelligence and diligence are foundation on which you go up stably; relationship and leadership are stepping-stones on which you go upwards smoothly.

2. What is your understanding of the keys to success?

Tips

1. Who is Les Brown?

2. What is special education?

3. What is a DJ?

Tips

Tips

Tips


1. Who is Les Brown?

Tips

Les Brown is a motivational speaker, former

Ohio politician, popular author, radio DJ, and

former host of The Les Brown Show. As a

politician, he is a former member of the Ohio

House of Representatives. As a motivational

speaker, he uses the catch phrase, “It’s

possible,” and teaches people to follow their

dreams as he learned to do.


2. What is special education?

Tips

Special education refers to

educational services for

disabled students and students

who have difficulty learning at

the usual rate.


3. What is a DJ?

Tips

A disc jockey, also known as a DJ, is someone

who plays records. The contents of the records

are music, which matches the venue in which the

disc jockey is playing. DJs often mix the content of

several records with other instruments or

equipment to produce a “sound” or a certain

“energy”.


Reading skills

Presentation of the skill

Reading skill practice


Denotation is the literal meaning of a

word, the one we find in a dictionary.

Connotation, on the other hand, is the

implied meaning of a word, the one a word

suggests to us, or what it makes us feel or

think. Connotation contains the emotional

implications and associations that a word

may carry.

Denotation and Connotation

To be continued

Example 1

Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. (Text A, Para. 1) Denotation: fortunately Connotation: The word thankfully associates with a feeling of relief and pleasure, indicating the author’s positive attitude toward Churchill.


To be continued

Example 2

In the end, both Einstein and Edison overcame their childhood persecution and went on to achieve magnificent discoveries that benefit the entire world today. (Text A, Para. 3) Denotation: extremely bad treatment of someone, especially because of their race, religion, or political beliefs


To be continued

Connotation: The word persecution is too big a word for the trouble a child goes through, but it indicates the tremendous hardships Einstein and Edison suffered in their childhood. It makes the author’s point quite clear, that is, despite the great trouble, they finally succeeded because they never gave up.


To be continued

Example 2

Read the following sentences from Text B and pay close attention to the underlined words. Write the denotation of each word and its connotation. Check the context for clues. The first one has been done for you.


Practice


1. A hairbrush served as his microphone as he

energetically practiced speaking his masterpieces

to his imaginary listeners. (Para. 3)

Denotation: a work of art that is excellent

Connotation: Les Brown regarded his own

performance in his shabby room as a masterpiece.

The word implies Les Brown’s confidence in

realizing his dream as a DJ.

To be continued


2. One day Les decided to take the initiative and begin with this enterprise. (Para. 5)

3. He stayed around the studio, soaking up whatever knowledge he could. (Para. 11)

4. Finally, when the phone rang, Les grabbed it. (Para. 13)

5. He flipped on the microphone and eloquently rapped … (Para. 22)

6. From that fateful beginning, Les was propelled to become an icon in broadcasting, politics, public speaking and television. (Para. 23)

Text study

Text comprehension

Language focus

Critical thinking


1. Why was Les Brown placed in special education classes? (Para. 2)

2. What was the reaction of Les Brown’s friends when he was constantly practicing to realize his dream? (Para. 4)

3. Why did the station manager take on Les Brown to do small tasks at last? (Para.10)

4. How did Les Brown learn to work the controls in the studio? (Para. 11)

To be continued

Questions previewing

5. When the DJ named Rock started to feel very sick, what did Les Brown do? (Para.12)

6. What did Les Brown immediately do when he got his first chance? (Para. 21)

7. What made Les Brown’s first show a complete success? (Para. 23)

8. According to the passage, what important factors contributed to Les Brown’s success?

Questions previewing

Because of his overactive behavior and nonstop talking as a child, Les was placed in special education classes for the learning disabled all the way through high school.

1. Why was Les Brown placed in special education

classes? (Para. 2)

Tips

原句：Because of his overactive behavior and nonstop talking as a child, Les was placed in special education classes for the learning disabled all the way through high school. (Para. 2)

解释 : Because he was more active and talkative than normal kids during his childhood, Les was sent to the classes specially set up for those with learning difficulties; he was there until he graduated from high school.

译文：由于儿时过度好动，还爱不停地说话，莱斯被送到专为学习困难儿童而设的特殊教育班，并一直读到了高中。

Sentence interpreation

2. What was the reaction of Les Brown’s friends

when he was constantly practicing to realize his

dream? (Para. 4)

Tips

His friends got bored, laughed at him and asked him to give up his dream.

原句：He aggravated his friends with his constant practicing. They scorned him and said to stop dreaming and focus on the real world. (Para. 4)

解释 : He practiced broadcasting music constantly, which made his friends extremely annoyed. They laughed at him and told him to stop daydreaming and face reality.

译文：他无休止地练习让朋友们不胜其烦。他们嘲弄他，告诉他别做白日梦，要面对现实。


3. Why did the station manager take on Les Brown to

do small tasks at last? (Para.10)

Tips

Being moved by Les Brown’s persistence, the station manager finally gave in and took Les on to do small tasks — at no pay.

原句：His persistence was very persuasive, and the station manager finally gave in and took Les on to do small tasks – at no pay. (Para. 10)

解释 : His persistence finally persuaded the station manager to give him a job of doing tiny things without any pay.

译文：他的坚持很能打动人，电台经理终于让了步，让他做一些小事情——不过没有报酬。


4. How did Les Brown learn to work the controls in the studio? (Para. 11)

Tips

A. He learned it by himself.

B. The local DJs taught him.

C. His mother taught him when he was young.

D. The general manager taught him.

Choose the best answer to the question.

5. When the DJ named Rock started to feel very sick, what did Les Brown do? (Para.12)

Tips

on the air One afternoon at work, the DJ named Rock started

to feel very sick while _______. Les was the only

person around, and he realized that Rock was

coughing and ____________. Les stayed close in

case there was some way he might help _________

his coworker’s distress. He also worried that the

illness was sure to ______ this broadcast.

losing his voice

alleviate

doom

6. What did Les Brown immediately do when he got his first chance? (Para. 21)

Tips

He couldn’t wait to tell his mother and friends

that he was about to come on the air.

原句：He didn’t even blink before he called his mother and his friends. “You all go out on the front porch and turn up the radio because I’m about to come on the air!” he said. (Para. 21)

解释 : He lost no time in calling his mother and his friends. “You all go out on the front porch and turn up the radio because I am going to broadcast on the radio!” he said.

译文：他一刻都不耽搁，马上给母亲和朋友们打了电话。“你们都到前廊去，打开收音机，我马上要直播了！”他说。


His preparation.

7. Listen to Para. 23 and answer the following question. What made Les Brown’s first show a complete

success? (Para. 23)

Tips

译文：听众为之折服，经理为之鼓掌。

原句：He had dazzled the audience and heard applause from his general manager. (Para. 23)

解释 : His great performance amazed the audience and also got the approval from his general manager.


8. According to the passage, what important factors contributed to Les Brown’s success ?

Tips

• Enduring passion to make his dream come true;

• His determination to succeed in what he pursued ;

• His desire to succeed because he wanted to make

more money to support the family.


Born in a ______________ neighborhood, Les Brown was later ________ by Mamie Brown. When the __________ opportunities for his future looked slim to others, he still had great passion for his dream. He __________ his friends with his constant practicing. They all scorned him but Les didn’t let their ________ stop him. One day Les decided to take the _________ and boldly went to the manager of the local radio station to apply for a job. Being bluntly rejected, Les didn’t give up though and returned to the station every day for a week. His ____________ was very persuasive, and the station manager finally gave in and took Les Brown to do small tasks—at no pay.

poverty-stricken

prospective adopted

aggravatednegativityinitiative

persistence

Text summary


While ___________ with the station’s real DJs, Les taught himself their posture and hand movements on the control panel. When he stayed around the studio he _________ whatever knowledge he could. One afternoon when the DJ named Rock was sick and none of the regular DJs were available, Les got his chance. Because of his ___________, Les was ready. He had _______ the audience and heard applause from his general manager. From that fateful beginning, Les was _________ to become an icon in broadcasting, politics, public speaking and television.

hanging out

preparation

soaked up

dazzled

propelled

Text summary

Practical Phrases Specific Meanings1. destined to do sth. 预定；注定；（尤指）命中注定2. serve as 被用作…；充当…；起…的作用 3. be wrapped up in

sth. 把全部精力放在某事上（以至于没有时间关心别的事）

4. take sb. on 开始雇用某人5. hang out 泡在某处；与…经常在一起 6. soak sth. up 迅速吸收；轻松学会（知识）7. in anticipation of sth.

预料某事；期待某事

8. on (the) air 正在广播

Language focus

Practical phrases

预定；注定；（尤指）命中注定

(musician of top class)

He feels that he was destined to become a musician

of top class.

destined to do sth. 短语逆译

短语应用

他觉得自己注定会成为一名一流的音乐家。

意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

被用作… ；充当… ；起…的作用 serve as短语逆译

(remains / natural fertilizer) Remains of plants on the ground serve as a natural fertilizer and help support the roots of future crops.

短语应用地面上植物的残余物可以用作天然肥料，为未来农作物的根系提供滋养。意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

把全部精力放在某事上

(pay attention to / a world of her own)

She didn’t pay much attention to her family and her friends because she was completely wrapped up in a world of her own.

be wrapped up in sth.

短语逆译

短语应用她并不怎么关注家人和朋友，因为她完全沉浸于自己的世界。

意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

承担；肩负

( handle/lack self-confidence) Don't take on more responsibilities than you can handle if you lack self-confidence about your ability.

take on短语逆译

短语应用假如你对自己的能力信心不足，就不要承担过多的责任。

意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

泡在某处；与…经常在一起

(coffee shop)

Sometimes people came into the coffee shop to hang out and meet other people.

hang out短语逆译

短语应用有时人们进咖啡店是为了休闲和交友。

意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

迅速吸收；轻松学会（知识 )

(a detached perspective / put together) A detached perspective can allow the mind to soak up ideas and to put them together in new ways.

soak sth. up短语逆译

短语应用一个客观的角度可以让思维吸收各种观点并以新的方式将这些观点进行整合。

意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

预料 / 期待某事

(the examination result) Sandra could hardly wait any longer in anticipation of the examination result.

in anticipation of sth. 短语逆译

短语应用桑德拉期待着考试成绩，几乎都等不及了。

意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

正在广播

(offer to do sth. / raise money / the Community Radio Station )

People offered to raise whatever sum of money needed to keep the Community Radio Station on the air.

on (the) air 短语逆译

短语应用

人们表示愿意筹集维持社区电台广播所需的一切款项。

意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

Functional Patterns Functions & Usages

1. Upon /on +n./v.-ing, sb. does sth.

用于表达“在…之后某人立即做某件事” 。

2. Sb. faithfully / tirelessly / unremittingly does sth. in anticipation of sb. / sth. (the opportunity/chance) sb. knows will come.

用于表示“某人满怀期待、不懈地 /孜孜不倦地做着某事，知道某人会来 / 某事物（如机会）会降临”。

3. Search / try as sb. might / would, sb. was unable to do sth. / could not do sth.

用于表达“无论某人怎样努力 / 怎么试 / 怎么搜寻，仍然不能做成某事”。

Language focus

Functional patterns

一毕业，他就成了一名垃圾清运工。

原句译文

逆译练习Upon graduation, he became a garbage collector. (Para. 2 ）

句型提炼

Language focus

Practical phrases

Upon /on +n./v.-ing, sb. does sth.

句型提炼

应用提示用于表达“在…之后某人立即做某件事”。

句型应用

Language focus

Practical phrases

(uttering this word/exchange a look)

Upon uttering this word, Dan and Harry exchanged a quick, meaningful look.

典型例句一说完这话，丹和哈里就迅速地交换了一下目光，意味深长。

意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

他非常自律，晚上一回到房间，就满怀着期待不懈地练习，他知道机遇终会降临。

原句译文

逆译练习He was disciplined; back in his bedroom at night, he faithfully practiced in anticipation of the opportunity he knew would come. (Para. 11)

句型提炼

Language focus

Practical phrases

Sb. faithfully / tirelessly /unremittingly does sth. in anticipation of sb. / sth. (the opportunity / chance) sb. knows will come.

句型提炼

应用提示用于表达“某人满怀期待、不懈地 /孜孜不倦地做着某事，知道某人会来 / 某事物（如机会）会降临”。

句型应用

Language focus

Practical phrases

(be trapped in/ dilapidated /rescuers)

Though trapped in the dilapidated classroom building, the little girl unremittingly encouraged her classmates around in anticipation of the rescuers she knew would come.

典型例句尽管被困在坍塌的教学楼里，这个小姑娘满怀期待，不停地鼓励周围的同学，知道救援人员会到来。

意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

但他找了个遍，却发现一个正式 DJ 都找不到。

原句译文

逆译练习But try as he might, none of the regular DJs were available. (Para. 18)

句型提炼

Language focus

Practical phrases

Search /try as sb. might/ would, sb. was

unable to do sth. / could not do sth.

句型提炼

应用提示用于表达“无论某人怎样努力 / 怎么试 / 怎么搜寻，仍然不能做成某事”。

句型应用

Language focus

Practical phrases

Try as we might, we could not get out of the difficult situation that we are in at the moment.

典型例句无论我们怎么设法努力，都无法摆脱目前的困境。

意群提示(think up)

Language focus

Practical phrases

典型例句

意群提示

无论他怎么试，都无法想出一个办法来找到第一批黑人挖出钻石的地方。

Try as he would, he was not able to think up any way to find the place where the first black men had dug their diamonds.

(think up)

Language focus

Practical phrases

1. 沉浸在自己的梦里 indulge one’s dream

2. 面对现实 focus on the real world

3.主动出击 take the initiative

4.彻底的失败 a complete bust

5.追求自己的目标 pursue one’s goals

6. 坚持自己的梦想 persist in one’s dreams

7.满足每一个要求 cater to one’s every need

8.汲取知识 soak up knowledge

9.减轻痛苦 alleviate one’s distress

10. 几欲抓狂 frantic with distress

Language focus

Genuine collocations

大家都觉得他将来不会有什么好前途，但他自己却不这么想。他有激情，有梦想——一个让他为之奋斗的伟大梦想。

a. The prospective opportunities for

his future looked slim to others,

but not to Les. He had a passion,

a dream – a big dream that he

was ready to work hard for.

Language focus

Language appreciation

b. He kept his goals close to his

heart and remained wrapped up

in his own world, completely

absorbed in preparing for his

future, preparing to live his

dream as a renowned DJ.

他心中一直铭记自己的目标，继续沉浸在自己的世

界里，全身心投入到对未来的准备中，去实现他成

为著名 DJ 的梦想。

Language focus


尽管人人都打击他，但她却十分信任他，告诉他不管别人怎么说，都要追求自己的目标，坚持自己的梦想。

c. Despite everyone’s

discouragement, she believed

in him and had taught him to

pursue his goals and persist in

his dreams no matter what

others said.

Language focus


d. There were none before me

and there will be none after

me. Therefore, that makes me

the one and only.

空前绝后的莱斯 · 布朗，独一无二的莱斯 ·布朗。

Language focus


2. What do you think about the effects of family background upon one’s success?

1. What does the story of Les Brown suggest for young people nowadays?

3. What should we do when we are far from our dreams?

Tips

Tips

Tips

Critical thinking

Further discussion

1. What does the story of Les Brown suggest for young people nowadays?

Tips

Those who are well prepared are most likely to get success. Determination and preparation are two important components of the secret of success.

Critical thinking

Further discussion

2. What do you think about the effects of family background upon one’s success?

Tips Family background can have both positive

and negative effects upon one’s success. Many believe a

wealthy family should have positive effects on one’s

personal development, while a poor family is more likely to

cause negative impacts on one’s success. However, some

believe if you are born into a very wealthy family, you may

lack the iron will to achieve success. But if you are brought

up in a poor family, you can only depend on yourself,

which will strengthen your determination to pursue your

dreams.

Critical thinking

Further discussion

We should judge whether the goal is accessible or not. If the goal is not accessible, we may well give it up. If the goal is accessible and we have not tried our best yet, we should work harder.

Tips

3. What should we do when we are far from our dreams?

Critical thinking

Further discussion

Talk about goals and success.

Critical thinking

Further discussion

1. How can we judge whether a goal is accessible

or not?

2. What personal traits are important for one to succeed?

Tips

Tips

Critical thinking

Further discussion

We can compare the pursuit of goals to apple picking. If the apple is above you, but still within reach, you can jump and get it. In this case, the goal is accessible. If the apple is high above you, and you can never get it no matter how hard you jump. In this case, the goal is not accessible.

Tips

1. How can we judge whether a goal is accessible or not?

Critical thinking

Further discussion

• Enthusiastic

• Ethical

• Persistent

• Self-aware

• Self-confident

• Self-disciplined

…

2. What personal traits are important for one to succeed?

Tips

Critical thinking

Further discussion

Thematic study

Comparative study

Thematic study

Language features analysis


2. What attitude should we hold towards the negative and the positive factors to achieve success?

1. Comparison between the negative factors and the positive factors in success.

Tips

Tips

1. Comparison between the negative and the positive factors in success.

Negative factors

1. A poor family;2. Childhood persecution;3. Poor educational

background;4. Immense obstacles and

hardships;5. Overwhelming failures;6. Repeated misfortunes;7. Extreme criticism;

Positive factors

1. A rich/famous family;2. Parents’ belief and support; 3. Educational opportunities;4. Wit and wisdom;5. Determination and courage; 6. A strong will;7. Optimism and passion;8. Dedication and efforts;

Tips

2. What attitude should we hold towards the negative and the positive factors to achieve success?

• Regard the negative factors as challenges

and opportunities• Try to make use of the negative factors to

cultivate good qualities• Don’t just focus your eyesight on the

favorable conditions • …

Based on your study of

the two texts, compare

the writing styles of the

two texts in terms of their

typical language features.

1. What are the typical language features of the two texts?

2. List more examples from the text to support your ideas.

Tips

Tips

Text B exemplifies the writing technique of narration, in which Les Brown’s struggles to become a DJ is depicted very vividly and elaborately.

1. What are the typical language features of the two texts?

TipsText A is an example essay, in which examples are provided to explain the statement the author makes. Its parallel sentence structures used to describe the similarities between Einstein and Edison, Churchill and Lincoln give students a good idea about how to use parallelism in writing a comparison / contrast essay.


TipsText A uses parallel structure to show the

similarities between celebrities:

Both faced … criticism. Both were called … by

their teachers. …Yet both boys’ parents believed

in them. … In the end, both Einstein and Edison

…benefit the entire world today.

To be continued


TipsOther parallel structures used: •Many people simply say that they want something,

but they do not expend the substantial effort

required to achieve it. Many people let the threat of

failure stop them from trying with all of their heart.

• Focus on becoming more knowledgeable. Focus

on gradual, consistent progress.

Unit project

Mottos interpretation

Giving a report


人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。 ——查理 ·卓别林

You have to believe in yourself. That’s the secret of success. —Charlie Chaplin


C-E Translation

我成功是因为我有决心，从不踌躇。 —— 拿破仑 · 波拿巴（法国皇帝）

I succeeded because I willed it; I never hesitated. — Bonapart Napoleon (French emperor)


C-E Translation

C-E Translation


成功就是好好工作而不计较名利。—— 朗费罗（美国诗人）

The success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.—Longfellow (American Poet)

意志、工作和等待是成功的金字塔的基石。 ——路易斯 ·巴斯德（法国化学家）

Will, work and wait are the pyramidal cornerstones for success. —Louis Pasteur (French Chemist)


E-C Translation

E-C Translation


If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference, prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry. —Thomas Edison

如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友、以经验为参谋、以谨慎为兄弟、以希望为哨兵。 —— 爱迪生

Reporting on the traits

of a successful person

in your field.

Giving a report

Successful people should have some unique traits that are critical to their success. Understanding what these traits are and reflecting on one’s own characteristics may be of great importance for anyone who wants to have success. In the current unit project, you are going to analyze the common traits of the successful people in your professional field or industry you are interested in. Here are some steps you may follow to complete your task.

Giving a report

1 Work in groups of three or four. For each group, choose a person who you all agree is successful in the professional field or industry you are interested in.

2 Collect the information about the successful person through reading, surfing the Internet, etc. after class. The information may include interesting stories about professional achievements of and people’s comments on the person you chose.

Giving a report

3 Work in groups in class and share with your group members the information you have collected after class. Then discuss what traits the successful person has.

4 Summarize what you have discussed in a report. Then choose a representative from your group to present the report to the class.

Giving a report

Useful expressions:

• to spur sb. to do sth.;

• to enable sb. to triumph over failures…;

• to commend sb. as the greatest … of all time;

• to uphold a committed and focused will and spirit;

• in the pursuit of one’s goals and dreams;

• The key to success is not … but ….

Giving a report

The End


section b 3 1 unit chance favors the prepared to master the reading skill to understand the text to...

Documents

rapped para

political beliefs denotation

word persecution

special education classes

browns success

excellent connotation

childhood persecution

overactive behavior