section 9.2 molecular shape and polarity. the shapes of molecules the shape of a molecule and the...
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Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding
Section 9.2 Molecular Shape and Polarity
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The Shapes of MoleculesThe shape of a molecule and the polarity of
its bonds determine whether the molecule as a whole is polar.
The shape is important in predicting properties and how the molecule reacts with other molecules
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The Shapes of MoleculesModels help us visualize the 3D structures of
molecules.
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Lewis Dot StructureReview groups – what is the number we want?
Draw the Lewis dot structures of the following:CH4
NH3
CO2
H2CO
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Double Bond- a bond formed by sharing two pairs of electrons between two atoms
Triple Bond- a bond formed by sharing three pairs of electrons between two atoms
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ShapesLinear
Trigonal PlanarTrigonal PlanarBent
TetrahedralTetrahedralTrigonal PyramidalBent
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Trigonal Shape (3 electron groups)Trigonal Planar Bent
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Tetrahedral (4 electron groups)
Tetrahedral
Trigonal Pyramid
Bent
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Lone pair electronsDistort the shape of moleculesExample: Tetrahedral geometry
No lone pairs One lone pair Two lone pairs
CH4 NH3 H2O
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Steps in Creating a 3-D model1) Draw Lewis structure2) Count the # of bonds and lone pair
electrons on the central atom3) Select geometric category4) Place electrons and atoms that lead to most
stable arrangement ( minimize e-repulsions)5) Determine 3-D
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Some ModelsCreate the following models (pg 323)
HClCH4
NH3
H2O
C2H6
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Polar and Non-Polar Molecules
Polarity is important, just like shape, in affecting the properties of compounds. They
act TOGETHER.
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Polar and Non-PolarPolar molecule – MOLECULE has a positive and negative pole. (Different ENs) - Dipole
Non-polar molecule– MOLECULE share electrons equally. (Same ENs)
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Build the model and predict the polarity of the following:CCl4
NH3
HFC2H4