section 5 and 6

8/3/2019 Section 5 and 6

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The Phoenicians and the Lydians

Chapter 2Section 5


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Phoenicians

Loose union of city-statesSea was vital for trade

Little fertile land

Surrounding mountainsmade travel difficultVery skilled sailors

One of the greatest tradersin the ancient world

LumberMetals

Gold and silverMurex- shellfish used tomake a purple dye


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PhoeniciansPeaked around 1000 B.C.Culture

Very similar to Babyloniansand Egyptians

ReligionVery focused on winning thefavor of the godsIn some cases, children weresacrificed

Usually following naturaldisasters

WritingPhoencian Alphabet- becamethe model for Westernalphabets


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Phoenicians

Never established amajor empire, but the

Phoenician alphabetwas a majorcontribution

Greeks and Romans

adopted the alphabetConquered by theAssyrians


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Lydians

Peaked around 600 B.C.Makes up what is todaythe Asia Minor (present-

day Turkey)Major contribution: coinedmoney

Why was this soimportant?

No longer had to rely onbartering for trade

Their development of amoney economy spreadacross the ancient world


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The Origins of Judaism

Chapter 2Section 6


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Hebrews

Ancestors of the modernJewsInhabited Canaan

Small strip of land south ofPhoeniciaSee map on p. 41

AbrahamFounder of the Hebrew people

JacobGrandson of AbrahamHad 12 sons

Each established a tribeTwelve Tribes of Israel


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Exodus

Due to droughts, theHebrews left Canaan andtraveled to Egypt

Lived peacefully in Egyptfor some timeEventually fell out of favorof the Egyptians

Why?Most scholars believe that

the Hebrews may havecome to Egypt with theHyksosWhen the Egyptiansexpelled the Hyksos in1200 B.C., they held theHebrews as slaves


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Exodus

Hebrews held as slaves forover 400 yearsMoses

Led the Hebrews from slavery(Exodus)Led the Hebrews into thedesserts of the Sinai Peninsula

The Ten CommandmentsMoses climbed to the top of Mt.Sinai and returned with tabletscontaining the commandmentsInspired, Moses set out to claimCanaan


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Activity

Read the Ten Commandmentson p. 45Write a response to each

commandment explaining whythe rule would help to preservethe Hebrew communityUse complete sentences10 pts.

Hint: Covet desiring goodsbelonging to others


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Founding of Israel

Resistance in CanaanCanaanites in the north

Conquered by the HebrewsPhilistines in the south

Driven out by the Hebrews,but never fully conquered

During the fighting, the 12Tribes united under asingle kingdom- Israel

Saul 1st

kingDavid succeeded Sauland made Jerusalem areligious centerSolomon brought Israel toits height in wealth in power


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Divided Kingdom

After Solomons death inthe late 900s B.C., thekingdom divided due tostruggles for politicalpower

Northern tribes formed thekingdom of IsraelSouthern tribes formed thekingdom of Judah

Lacking unity andstrength, the twokingdoms were conquered

722 B.C. Assyriansconquered Israel587 B.C. Chaldeansconquered Judah


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Freedom

When Cyrus the Greatof Persia conquered theChaldeans, he allowed

the Hebrews to return totheir homelandThe Hebrews rebuiltJerusalem

Torah- The first 5 booksof the Old TestamentIncludes the Hebrewcode of Laws


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Judaism

Yahweh Hebrew GodSpiritual force, not a glorified human ornaturePolitical rulers had no claims to divinity

According to the Ten Commandments,only Yahweh is divineMonotheistic

Ethical monotheismEmphasizes ethics, or proper conduct

Carried over to the founding of ChristianityJudeo-Christian ethics similar valuesOne of the most important contributions toWestern civilization


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Dead Sea Scrolls

Ancient manuscriptsDate back to the 100s B.C. Detailing the history and principles of Judaism


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Activity/HW

Section 6 ReviewP. 47

#3

#4 c and d onlyCh. 2 Review

P. 48Writing About History

ONLY COMPLETE THE CHARTDO NOT WRITE A REPORT

Unless you want to : )

section 5 and 6

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