section 5 alexander the great hellenistic period
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Phillip II 359 B.C. Phillip II becomes king of Macedonia Admired Greek Culture Defeated the Greek city-states Unification of Greece 338 B.C. Phillip II is assassinated at his daughters wedding in 336 B.C.TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 4
Section 5Alexander the Great
Hellenistic Period
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Phillip II359 B.C. Phillip II becomes king of
Macedonia• Admired Greek Culture• Defeated the Greek city-states• Unification of Greece 338 B.C. • Phillip II is assassinated at his
daughters wedding in 336 B.C.
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Alexander the Great• 20 years old at the death of his father and
becomes King of Macedonia and Greece• Alexander invades Asia / Persia 334 B.C. • Invasion lasts for 8 years and covers
20,000 miles– 37,000 men and as many support people
• His empire now stretched from Greece to India
• Built the City of Alexandria as the Greek capital of Egypt
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• Generals fought each other for power
• In the end, the empire was divided among three most powerful generals
• Called themselves kings– Antigonus became king of
Macedonia and Greece– Seleucus ruled Persian
Empire – Ptolemy ruled Egypt
Power Struggle• Alexander’s empire largest
world had ever seen
• Did not rule very long
• 323 BC, Alexander fell ill while in Babylon
• Died a few days later at age 33
• Alexander died without naming heir
Death at Early AgeEnd of the Empire
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Defeated - the Persian Darius IIControlled all of the Persian Empire
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Hellenistic Period• Alexander’s legacy – Alexander and his
successors spread Greek language, art, literature, and architecture throughout Western Asia and North Africa
• Considerable increase in the knowledge of art, philosophy, math and the sciences
• Alexandria became the center of knowledge and a had large library of 500,000 scrolls
• Athens remained the center of Greek theatre
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Hellenism - Hellenistic• Advances in Science
– Euclid wrote the “Elements” a text on plane geometry
– Archimedes worked on the geometry of spheres and cylinders and developed the constant “pi”• also devised the
Archimedes screw
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Hellenistic Achievements and Beliefs
• Astronomy/GeographyEratosthenes – astronomer theorized the earth was round and calculated the circumference to be 24,675 miles (within 185 miles of the actual)
• Mathematics/Physics– Value of Pi, steam engine, levers• Art of Sculptures – Colossus of Rhodes
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Colossus of RhodesOne of the Seven Wonders of the WorldOn the island of Rhodes
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What is Stoicism and What did they believe?
Answer: • A school of thought (philosophy) developed by the teacher
Zeno in Hellenistic Athens.• It says that happiness can be achieved only when people
gain inner peace by living in harmony with the will of God • That people should bear whatever life offers• The real “stoic” is a perfect citizen
Philosophy