section 3 remote sensing of global change
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Section 3 Remote sensing of global change. 5. Carbon cycle Global Change Instructor: Dr. Cheng-Chien Liu Department of Earth Sciences National Cheng Kung University Office: Building of Earth Sciences, room 30206 Voice: +886-6-2757575 ext. 65422 E-mail: [email protected] - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Section 3 Section 3 Remote sensing of global changeRemote sensing of global change
5. Carbon cycle5. Carbon cycle
Global ChangeInstructor: Dr. Cheng-Chien LiuDepartment of Earth SciencesNational Cheng Kung UniversityOffice: Building of Earth Sciences, room 30206Voice: +886-6-2757575 ext. 65422E-mail: [email protected] Office hours: Monday 14:00 – 17:00, Wednesday 9:00 – 12:00URL: http://mail.ncku.edu.tw./~ccliu88/
Last updated: 4 May 2004
5.1 Introduction5.1 Introduction
Life on Earth Life on Earth carbon and water carbon and water Questions of the carbon cycleQuestions of the carbon cycle
• Where does it go?• How does it get there?• What keeps the cycle moving?• What’s the future of life on Earth in a post-industrial
age?
NASA’s step NASA’s step SeaWiFS SeaWiFS• A short video: cycle of life
http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/stories/biosphere_20010327/package.mov
5.2 The colors of life 5.2 The colors of life
Color of reflected light Color of reflected light photosynthesis photosynthesis utilization of carbon utilization of carbon• Land Normalized Difference Vegetation
Index (NDVI) over the past 20 years• Ocean elusive• SeaWiFS• A short video:
colorful shadows: inferring carbon's cyclehttp://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/stories/biosphere_20010327/waterplanet.mov
5.3 The carbon cycle5.3 The carbon cycle
ObservationsObservations• The carbon record
historic atmospheric carbon dioxide levels (Fig. 5.3.1)Ice core (Fig. 5.3.2)
no significant change for thousands of yearsField station (Mauna Loa, Hawaii) (Fig. 5.3.2)
since 1958, once per hour annual cycle significant increase
16.6% from 1959 – 1999 The largest annual increase 2.9 ppmv (1997 – 1998)
Fig. 5.3.1Fig. 5.3.1
Fig. 5.3.1 Source: http://140.115.123.30/gis/globalc/fig/03-06.gif
Fig. 5.3.2Fig. 5.3.2
Fig. 5.3.2 The average levels of atmospheric carbon going back roughly a thousand years measured from ice core samples collected in AntarcticaSource: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a002000/a002085/index.html
Fig. 5.3.3Fig. 5.3.3
Fig. 5.3.3 The average levels of atmospheric carbon measured from a field station near the Mauna Loa caldera in Hawaii since 1958 Source: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a002000/a002085/index.html
5.3 The carbon cycle (cont.)5.3 The carbon cycle (cont.)
Carbon and the land – the fast cycleCarbon and the land – the fast cycle• Defoliation
Carbon sequestration – carbon being taken in from the surrounding world and literally trapper for a period of time by the very body that it enables to grow
• DecompositionPlant die decompose carbon is back to the environment
• Fire• A short video
http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/stories/biosphere_20010327/carbon_cycle_land.mov
5.3 The carbon cycle (cont.)5.3 The carbon cycle (cont.)
Carbon and the ocean – the slow cycleCarbon and the ocean – the slow cycle• Phytoplankton• Bloom
Light + nutrient photosynthesis absorb carbon in the atmosphere and grow foundation of food chain
Sources of nutrient Deep water upwelling River outflow
• Marine snow• A short video
http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/stories/biosphere_20010327/carbon_cycle_water.mov
5.4 Remote sensing techniques for 5.4 Remote sensing techniques for studying carbon cyclestudying carbon cycle
SensorSensor• Ocean color
MissionsMissions• Historical Satellite Ocean Color Sensors
• Current Satellite Ocean Color Sensors
• Scheduled Satellite Ocean Color Sensors
Table 5.4.1Table 5.4.1
Table 5.4.1 Historical Satellite Ocean Color SensorsSource: http://www.ioccg.org/sensors/med_res.html#historical
SENSOR AGENCY SATELLITEOPERATING
DATESSWATH
(km)RESOLUTION
(m)# OF
BANDSSPECTRAL
COVERAGE(nm)
CZCSNASA(USA)
Nimbus-7(USA)
24/10/78 - 22/06/86 1556 825 6 433-12500
OCTSNASDA(Japan)
ADEOS(Japan)
17/08/96 - 1/07/97 1400 700 12 402-12500
POLDERCNES(France)
ADEOS(Japan)
17/08/96 - 1/07/97 2400 6 km 9 443-910
Table 5.4.2Table 5.4.2
Table 5.4.2 Current Satellite Ocean Color SensorsSource: http://www.ioccg.org/sensors/med_res.html#current
SENSOR AGENCY SATELLITELAUNCH
DATESWATH
(km)RESOLUTION
(m)# OF
BANDSSPECTRAL
COVERAGE(nm)
MOSDLR(Germany)
IRS P3(India)
21/03/96 200 500 18 408-1600
SeaWiFSNASA(USA)
OrbView-2(USA)
1/08/97 2806 1100 8 402-885
OCINEC(Japan)
ROCSAT-1(Taiwan)
27/01/99 690 825 6 433-12500
OCMISRO(India)
IRS-P4(India)
26/05/99 1420 350 8 402-885
MODIS-TerraNASA(USA)
Terra(USA)
18/12/99 2330 1000 36 405-14385
MISRNASA(USA)
Terra(USA)
18/12/99 360 250 4 446-867
OSMIKARI(Korea)
KOMPSAT(Korea)
20/12/99 800 850 6 400-900
MERISESA(Europe)
ENVISAT-1Europe)
1/03/02 1150 300/1200 15 412-1050
MODIS-AquaNASA(USA)
Aqua(EOS-PM1)
4/05/02 2330 1000 36 405-14385
CMODISCNSA(China)
Shen Zhou-3(China)
March, 2002 - 400 34 403-12500
COCTSCNSA(China)
HaiYang-1(China)
15/05/02 1400 1100 10 402-12500
CZICNSA(China)
HaiYang-1(China)
15/05/02 500 250 4 420-890
GLINASDA(Japan)
ADEOS-II(Japan)
14/12/02 1600 250/1000 36 375-12500
POLDER-2CNES(France)
ADEOS-II(Japan)
14/12/02 2400 6000 9 443-910
Table 5.4.3Table 5.4.3
Table 5.4.3 Scheduled Satellite Ocean Color SensorsSource: http://www.ioccg.org/sensors/med_res.html#scheduled
SENSOR AGENCY SATELLITESCHEDULED
LAUNCHSWATH
(km)RESOLUTION
(m)# OF
BANDSSPECTRAL
COVERAGE(nm)
S-GLINASDA(Japan)
ADEOS-3(Japan)
2007 1600 750 11 412-865
VIIRSU.S. Gov.(USA)
NPP(USA)
2005 1700 742 19 402-11800
5.4 Remote sensing techniques for 5.4 Remote sensing techniques for studying carbon cycle (cont.)studying carbon cycle (cont.)
Principle:Principle: Measurements:Measurements:
• http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a002000/a002077/a002077.mpg
• http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a000600/a000697/a000697.mpg
• http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a002000/a002085/a002085.mpg
5.4 Remote sensing techniques for 5.4 Remote sensing techniques for studying carbon cycle (cont.)studying carbon cycle (cont.)
Useful links: Useful links: • International Ocean Color Coordinate Group
Data:Data:• GSFC Earth Sciences Distributed Active Archive
Center (DAAC) http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/Ocean color http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/oceancolor/
CZCS http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataset/CZCS/
OCTS http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataset/OCTS/index.html
SeaWiFS http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataset/SEAWIFS/
MODIS http://mqabi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ http://acdisx.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataset/MODIS/index.html
5.5 Questions5.5 Questions
What is the residence time for carbon What is the residence time for carbon to stay in various reservoirs?to stay in various reservoirs?