section 3 - chemistry
TRANSCRIPT
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The Chemistry of Life
Biology I Factoids
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Factoid #1
• All living things must be able to adapt, get and use energy, respond to stimulus, reproduce, have DNA, grow and develop, and be made up of cells.
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Factoid #2
• Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
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Factoid #3
• Protons and Neutrons are found in the nucleus and electrons are found orbiting the nucleus.
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Factoid #4
• Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons have no charge.
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Factoid #5
• The periodic table is a list of known elements that include the metals, non-metals, and metaloids.
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Factoid #6
• The atomic number, that is found on the periodic table, is the number of protons in the that atom.
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Factoid #7
• In a neutral atom the number of protons equal the number of electrons.
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Factoid #8
• Two electrons will fit in the first energy level and eight electrons will fit in the 2nd and 3rd levels.
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Factoid #9
• Atoms form bonds in order to have full, stable outer energy level.
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Factoid #10
• The three types of bonds are hydrogen, ionic, and covalent bonds.
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Factoid #11
• Hydrogen bonds are very weak bonds between hydrogen atoms.
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Factoid #12
• When electrons are gained, lost, or transferred, the atom becomes either a positive or negative ion and an ionic bond forms.
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Factoid #13
• When electrons are shared between atoms a covalent bond forms.
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Factoid #14
• Large molecules and atoms bonded to itself are covalent.
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Factoid #15
• The chemical formula for water is H2O.
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Factoid #16
• Water is the universal solvent, a temperature stabilizer, and can form ions.
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Factoid #17
• Adhesion is when water sticks to other surfaces and cohesion is when water sticks to other water molecules.
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Factoid #18
• Water forms a polar covalent bond with the hydrogen side slightly positive and the oxygen side slightly negative.
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Factoid #19
• Water will split into H+ and –OH.
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Factoid #20
• The pH scale goes from 0-14;
0 147
A c i d s B a s e s
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Factoid #21
• The more H+ in a solution, the more acid a solution is.
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Factoid #22
• When the –OH is equal to the H+, the solution is neutral (pH 7).
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Factoid #23
• The lower the pH the stronger the acid and the higher the pH the stronger the base.