section 3 behavior of waves
DESCRIPTION
Key Concepts How does reflection change a wave? What causes the refraction of a wave when it enters a new medium? What factors affect the amount of diffraction of a wave? What are two types of interference? What wavelengths will produce a standing wave?TRANSCRIPT
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Section 3
Behavior of Waves
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Key Concepts• How does reflection change a wave?• What causes the refraction of a wave
when it enters a new medium?• What factors affect the amount of
diffraction of a wave?• What are two types of interference?• What wavelengths will produce a standing
wave?
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Reflection• The bouncing back of a wave after it strikes a
boundary that does not absorb all the wave’s energy
• Angle of incidence = angle at which the wave hits the boundary
• Angle of Reflection = angle at which the wave bounces off the boundary
• Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection• Reflection does not change the speed or
frequency of a wave, but the wave can be flipped upside down.
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Refraction• The bending of waves due to a change in
speed.• Occurs because waves move at different
speeds through different mediums.• When a wave enters a medium at an
angle, refraction occurs because one side of the wave moves more slowly than the other side.
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Refraction
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Refraction
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Diffraction• The bending of waves around the edge of
an obstacle• Diffraction is the result of a new series of
waves being formed when the original waves strike an obstacle.
• A wave diffracts more if its wavelength is large compared to the size of an opening or obstacle.
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Interference• When two waves arrive in the same place at the
same time, they interact• There are two types of interaction:• Constructive Interference – waves combine in
such a way that the disturbance that results is greater than either wave alone
• Destructive interference – waves combine in such a way that the disturbance that results is less than either wave alone
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Standing Waves• A wave that does not appear to be moving• Two parts of a Standing Wave• Nodes: where destructive interference results in
no energy displacement• Antinodes: where constructive interference
causes maximum energy displacement• A standing wave forms only if half a
wavelength or a multiple of half a wavelength fits exactly into the length of a vibrating cord.
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Reviewing Concepts• 1. How is a wave changed by reflection?• 2. What causes refraction when a wave
enters a medium at an angle?• 3. What determines how much a wave
diffracts when it encounters an opening or an obstacle?
• 4. List the types of interference.• 5. At what wavelengths can a standing
wave form in an elastic cord?