section 3-1 section 3.1 properties of matter identify the characteristics of a substance. density: a...
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Section 3-1Section 3.1 Properties of Matter
• Identify the characteristics of a substance.
density: a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume
• Distinguish between physical and chemical properties.
• Differentiate among the physical states of matter.
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Section 3-1Section 3.1 Properties of Matter (cont.)
states of mattersolidliquidgasvapor
Most common substances exist as solids, liquids, and gases, which have diverse physical and chemical properties.
physical propertyextensive propertyintensive propertychemical property
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Section 3-1Substances
• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
• Matter is everything around us.• Matter with a uniform and unchanging
composition is a substance.
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Section 3-1States of Matter
• The physical forms of matter, either solid, liquid, or gas, are called the states of matter.
• Solids are a form of matter that have their own definite shape and volume.
• Liquids are a form of matter that have a definite volume but take the shape of the container.
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Section 3-1States of Matter (cont.)
• Gases have no definite shape or volume. They expand to fill their container.
• Vapor refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature.
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Section 3-1Physical Properties of Matter
• A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition.
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Section 3-1Physical Properties of Matter (cont.)
• Extensive properties are dependent on the amount of substance present, such as mass, length, or volume.
• Intensive properties are independent of the amount of substance present, such as density.
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Section 3-1Chemical Properties of Matter
• The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances is called a chemical property.
– Iron forming rust– Copper turning green in the air
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Section 3-1Observing Properties of Matter
• A substance can change form–an important concept in chemistry.
• Chemical properties can change with specific environmental conditions, such as temperature and pressure.