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Section 1

(a) Who was Tipu Sultan? [4]

Reward each correct statement with 1 mark. 2 marks can e awarded !or a

de"eloped statement. #andidates mi$ht re!er to%

Son o! &aider 'li o! sore* oth o! whom resisted +ritish rule. Tipu recei"ed

support !rom the ,rench and the +ritish were concerned aout this. &e was known

as the Ti$er o! sore and ruled there !rom 1-2 to 1-//. &e won important

"ictories a$ainst the +ritish in the Second 'n$lo0sore War* and ne$otiated the

1-4 Treat o! an$alore with them a!ter his !ather died the pre"ious ear. &is

treatment o! his conuered non0uslim suects and +ritish prisoners o! war is

contro"ersial. &e remained an enem o! the +ritish* rin$in$ them into renewed

con3ict with an attack on Tra"ancore in 1-/. n the Third 'n$lo0sore War* Tipu

was !orced into a humiliatin$ treat* losin$ a numer o! pre"iousl conuered

territories* includin$ alaar and an$alore. n the ,ourth 'n$lo0sore War* thecomined !orces o! the +ritish and the 5i6am o! &deraad de!eated Tipu and he

was killed on 4 a 1-//* while de!endin$ his !ort o! Sriran$apatna.

() Wh was 7rdu chosen as the national lan$ua$e in 8akistan in 1/4-?

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1]

t was the est lan$ua$e.

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons [2=4]

t>s understood all 8akistanis.

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons [A=-]

t carries immense importance !or all 8akistanis since it has een considered to e

the lan$ua$e o! all uslims !or BB ears. t was the lan$ua$e associated with the

8akistani o"ement throu$hout its stru$$le with the +ritish and the &indus. '!ter

ndependence* it was !elt that the lan$ua$e was the unitin$ !orce ehind the nation

and the $o"ernment is committed to usin$ it at all le"els in societ.

(c) Was the attempt to achie"e a etter understandin$ with the +ritish the most

important contriution that Sir Sed 'hmad Chan made to the uslim cause durin$

the nineteenth centur? :@plain our answer.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1=2]

Sir Sed helped the uslims.

9:;:9 2% DescriptionEidenti<cation o! reasons [=F]

&e wrote a numer o! ooks and opened a school and uni"ersit.



9:;:9 % :@plains the attempt to achie"e a etter understandin$ GR other

contriutions [-=1B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains the attempt to achie"e a etter understandin$ '5D other

contriutions [/=1]

&e su$$ested that the +ritish should tr to understand uslims etter. &e $a"e an

e@planation o! the word H5adarath> in an attempt to remo"e the misunderstandin$

o! the +ritish aout the uslims. &e elie"ed that relations with the +ritish could e

impro"ed impro"in$ the understandin$ o! #hristianit uslims. &e tried to

o"ercome this writin$ Tain0ul0Calam* in which he pointed out the similarities

etween slam and #hristianit. &e wrote a numer o! ooks !ollowin$ the War o!

ndependence in which he tried to show the +ritish that the uslims were onl

partl to lame and that there were man who were supporters o! the +ritish

$o"ernment. &e was also aware that the +ritish knew little aout slam and was

oIended a ook he read in +ritain on the li!e o! the 8rophet and* as a result* he

wrote his own work correctin$ the man errors he had read. &owe"er* hecontriuted man other thin$s. Sir Sed wanted democratic ri$hts in ndia ut

elie"ed that this would onl disad"anta$e uslims since &indus were in the

maorit and would win all the elections. &e there!ore !elt that the +ritish should

treat the uslims and &indus diIerentl since the li"ed separate and diIerent li"es

!rom one another and so were reall like separate nations. Sir Sed was the <rst

person to e@press this point o! "iew and it ecame known as the Two 5ation Theor

that $a"e hope to uslims o! a separate homeland. &e attempted to impro"e the

position o! uslims throu$h education. n 1F he !ounded the Scienti<c Societ at

Jha6ipore. &e wanted to make scienti<c writin$s a"ailale to uslims translatin$

them !rom :n$lish into 7rdu. &e estalished a uslim colle$e which led to the

uslim0'n$lo Griental #olle$e in 1-F. This ecame the 7ni"ersit o! 'li$arh which

ecame important in 8akistani histor as pro"idin$ an education !or man o! its

!uture leaders.

9:;:9 A% 's 9e"el 4 = also produces a ud$ement or e"aluation [14]

KuneEma 2B14

1 (a) The authorit o! the u$hal emperors was declinin$ the end o! 'uran$6e>s

rei$n in 1-B-. The &indus were unhapp with aspects o! his rei$n and a!ter his

death* e$an to e@ercise $reater control o"er parts o! the su0continent. 's a result

uslim power and in3uence o"er ndia* which had een so stron$* e$an todisinte$rate. an uslims e$an to !eel stron$l aout re"i"in$ slam includin$

&ai Shariat 7llah.

Descrie the achie"ements o! &ai Shariat 7llah in re"i"in$ slam. [4]





Dar07l0&ar = miserale condition o! uslims* had mo"ed awa !rom slamic

practices and so wanted them to oser"e them a$ain = !arai6. &e wanted to restore

pride o! uslims* remo"e &indu practices in worship* emphasis on prain$ !or past

sins* promisin$ to lead a ri$hteous li!e in !uture* alarmed &indus* work carried on

son. Work carried on in :ast +en$al amon$st uslims who had een oppressed

&indus and +ritish. Supported ihad.

() :@plain wh the :ast ndia #ompan ecame in"ol"ed in the su0continent

durin$ the se"enteenth centur.


The were interested in the countr


To trade and e@tend their sphere o! in3uence in the :ast

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons [A0-]

Traders reported e"idence o! immense wealth in the su0#ontinent* which led to the

:# estalishin$ a tradin$ ase there since the saw a pro<tale !uture in the trade

o! spices* cotton and silk. t also wanted to estalish its in3uence in the su0

#ontinent and to oust the Dutch and 8ortu$uese* especiall since the :ast ndies

was alread out o! reach with the Dutch in control o! the Spice trade. The :# also

wanted to estalish a strate$ic port in the su0continent that would protect its

tradin$ interests there and the warm waters were especiall attracti"e to all ear

tradin$.

(c) Was the introduction o! the HDoctrine o! 9apse> in 1A2 the most important

reason !or the War o! ndependence in 1A-? :@plain our answer.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. [1=2]

The War was the !ault o! the +ritish

9:;:9 2% Description o!

E

identi<es reasons [=F]

The Doctrine o! 9apse occurred when an local kin$dom not ha"in$ a direct heir was

to e taken o"er the +ritish.

' new ri3e cartrid$e* which was coated in oth cow and pi$ !at* was introduced.

9:;:9 % :@plains Doctrine o! 9apse or other reasons [-=1B]



9:;:9 4% :@plains Doctrine o! lapse and other reasons [/=1]

The Doctrine o! 9apse* under which an local kin$dom not ha"in$ a direct heir was

to e taken o"er the +ritish* had een introduced without an consultation or

care !or local !eelin$. t caused $reat unrest. Gther re!orms had also een

introduced similarl. The replacement o! 8ersian and Sanskrit :n$lish as theoLcial lan$ua$e in 12 deepl upset oth the uslims and &indus who were

concerned aout the loss o! their culture throu$h a chan$e o! lan$ua$e. ' numer

o! social re!orms had een imposed without consultation or care !or local !eelin$

which also caused unrest. ndians had to send their children to coeducational

schools and were !orced to aandon purdah* which a$ain was seen as a threat to

their culture. The +ritish introduced a new cartrid$e* which was coated in oth cow

and pi$ !at. +ecause the soldiers had to chew the !at it caused $reat resentment

since the uslims !orade pi$ !at and the cow was a sacred animal in the ees o!

the &indus.

9:;:9 A% 's 9e"el 4 0 also produces a ud$ement or e"aluation. [14]

Kunema 2B1

1 (a) The u$hal :mpire took 1AB ears !rom the death o! 'uran$6e in 1-B- to

reak up. &is empire was !acin$ diLculties at the time o! his death and !ollowin$

this* the tensions and prolems onl $ot worse. The most serious challen$e to

u$hal authorit came !rom the arathas.

Descrie what the arathas did. [4]


de"eloped statement. #andidates mi$ht re!er to% 9i"ed in the Deccan* 'uran$6e

had !ailed to crush them* known !or skills as $uerrilla <$hters and de"otion to

&induism* 1-- de!eated a u$hal arm outside Delhi which the occupied in 1-FB*

de!eated '!$hans in 1-F1 at 8anipat.

() Wh ha"e re$ional lan$ua$es een promoted the 8akistan $o"ernment since

1/4-? 9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1] The are spoken in 8akistan 9:;:9 2%

denti<es reasons [2=4] To keep the lan$ua$es ali"e

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons [A=-] t was !elt that the literature and work undertaken

authors in such areas as Sindh should e kept ali"e and so the $o"ernment set

up odies to promote it such as the Sindhi 9iterar +oard in 1/4. an lan$ua$es

ha"e plaed an important role in the histor o! the re$ion* e.$. 8ushto literature had

an important role in creatin$ opposition to +ritish rule and the mo"ement !or

independence. +alochi had little de"elopment e!ore 1/4- and its literature was in

decline. &owe"er the $o"ernment !elt that it should e kept ali"e and not lost

!ore"er. &ence the lan$ua$e was promoted.



(c) Who o! the !ollowin$ was the most important in the spread o! slam durin$ the

se"enteenth and ei$hteenth centuries%

(i) Shah Wali 7llahM

(ii) Sed 'hmad Shaheed +arail"iM

(iii) &ai Shariat 7llah?

:@plain our answer with re!erence to all three o! the ao"e. 9:;:9 1% Simplistic

statement. [1=2] Shah Wali 7llah was a $reat scholar 9:;:9 2% Description o!

Shah Wali 7llah andEor others [=F] &ai Shariat 7llah estalished the ,arai6i

o"ement. Shah Wali 7llah tau$ht at the adrassa in Delhi* spent some time in

edina and wrote a numer o! ooks. Sed 'hmad Shaheed +arail"i was a !ollower

o! Shah 'dul '6i6 and !ounded the Kihad o"ement.

9:;:9 % :@plains the importance o! the work o! one person [-=1B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains the importance o! the work o! 2 or more people. 'll !or ma@

marks [/=1] Shah Wali 7llah !elt that the uslims !aced man prolems

ecause o! their i$norance aout slam and the &ol Nuran. &e encoura$ed them to

concentrate on Nuranic teachin$s and helped them translatin$ the &ol Nuran

into 8ersian which was the main lan$ua$e o! the uslims at that time. &is ooks

were desi$ned to spread the principles o! slam amon$st the uslims. Sed 'hmad

Shaheed +arail"i spread slam throu$h the Kihad o"ement* which was to ecome

an armed stru$$le to lierate the 8una and the 5W, !rom Sikh rule lar$el

ecause uslims were anned !rom praer and had to under$o man humiliations*

which made it diLcult to practise their reli$ion. &ai Shariat 7llah spread slam

throu$h the ,arai6i o"ement which insisted that uslims should per!orm their

!arai6 (reli$ious oli$ations). This alarmed the &indu landlords who were unhapp

with the uslim practices. ' hu$e $roup o! !ollowers $rew which were called

H,arai6is>.

9:;:9 A% 's 9e"el 4 = also produces a ud$ement or e"aluation. [14

2 (a) ndians e$an to resent +ritish control o! the su0continent* and in 1A- the

+ritish !aced a serious challen$e to their control o! ndia. ,or the +ritish it was a

re"olt a$ainst their authorit ut to the ndians it was a re"olt to throw oI !orei$n

domination.

Descrie the e"ents o! the War o! ndependence* 1A-01A. [4]



arch 1A- a sepo an$al 8ande e@ecuted* a sepos in eerut re!used to

touch cartrid$es* were imprisoned and roke out. eerut sacked and +ritish oLcers

killed. Soldiers marched on Delhi and captured it* re"olt spread and +ritish lost



control o! a numer o! towns (athura* Canpur* Khansi and 'llahaad). n Septemer

+ritish took Delhi ack* +ahadur Shah surrendered and his sons murdered*

9ucknow taken ack. Khansi held out until Rhani was killed in 1A.

() Wh was +ritain success!ul in maintainin$ its control o! the su0continent in

the ears 1-AB to 1AB? 9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1] The were etter<$hters 9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons [2=4] The captured rich lands and had a

etter arm 9:;:9 % :@plains reasons [A=-] The attles o! 8lasse and +u@ar

$a"e the +ritish the "ast riches o! +en$al and !a"ourale tradin$ ri$hts with the

local nawas. This pro"ided massi"e new resources which +ritain could use to

consolidate its control. The +ritish also introduced $o"ernor0$enerals into the

pro"inces who administered them on +ritish lines and pro"ided et more control.

The +ritish arm usin$ its "ast local resources and superior weapons and skills were

increasin$l takin$ control o! more land.

(c) Was the Two 5ation Theor the most important contriution o! Sir Sed 'hmad

Chan? :@plain our answer.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1=2] &e was important to uslims

9:;:9 2% Description o! elie!sEwritin$s &e wrote a numer o! ooks and opened a

school and uni"ersit [=F]

9:;:9 % :@plains the Two 5ation Theor or other contriutions [-=1B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains the Two 5ation Theor and other contriutions [/=1] Sir Sed

wanted democratic ri$hts in ndia ut elie"ed that this would onl disad"anta$e

uslims since &indus were in the maorit and would win all the elections. &e

there!ore !elt that the +ritish should treat the uslims and &indus diIerentl since

the li"ed separate and diIerent li"es !rom one another and so were reall like

separate nations. Sir Sed was the <rst person to e@press this point o! "iew and it

ecame known as the Two 5ation Theor that $a"e hope to uslims o! a separate

homeland.

&owe"er he contriuted man other thin$s. &e attempted to impro"e the position o!

uslims throu$h education. n 1F he !ounded the Scienti<c Societ at Jha6ipore.

&e wanted to make scienti<c writin$s a"ailale to uslims translatin$ them !rom

:n$lish into 7rdu. &e estalished a uslim colle$e which led to the uslim0'n$lo

Griental #olle$e in 1-F. This ecame the 7ni"ersit o! 'li$arh which ecame

important in 8akistani histor as pro"idin$ an education !or man o! its !uture

leaders. &e wrote a numer o! ooks !ollowin$ the War o! ndependence in which he

tried to show the +ritish that the uslims were onl partl to lame and that there

man who were supporters o! the +ritish $o"ernment. &e su$$ested that the +ritish

should tr to understand uslims etter. &e $a"e e@planation o! the word

>5adarath> in an attempt to remo"e the misunderstandin$ o! the +ritish aout the

uslims. &e elie"ed that relations with the +ritish could e impro"ed impro"in$



the understandin$ o! #hristianit uslims. &e tried to o"ercome this writin$

Tain0ul0Calam* in which he pointed out the similarities etween slam and

#hristianit. &e was also aware that the +ritish knew little aout slam and was

oIended a ook he read in +ritain on the li!e o! the 8rophet and as a result he

wrote his own work correctin$ the man errors he had read.


S12

1 n 1-AF the ,rench encoura$ed the 5awa o! +en$al* Sira0ud0Daulah to attack the

:ast ndia #ompan>s ase at #alcutta. &e captured the cit ut was unale to keep

control o! it. Roert #li"e decided to $o to the cit with a !orce o! soldiers to re0take

it. This led to the attle o! 8lasse.

(a) Descrie the attle o! 8lasse.

[4]



1-A-* ,rench encoura$ed Sira0ud0Daulah to attack :# ase at #alcutta. #aptured

cit ut couldn>t keep hold o! it* #li"e arri"ed with :# soldiers and ried Ka!ar* one

o! Sira>s ke men. ade him 5awa o! +en$al as a reward !or turnin$ a$ainst Sira

who was de!eated #li"e. +od !ound in a ri"er a!ter attle. 's a result o! attle*

:# controlled trade in +en$al* #li"e made Jo"ernor o! +en$al.

() :@plain wh the u$hal :mpire declined !ollowin$ the rei$n o! 'uran$6e.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1] t was 'uran$6e>s successors that were to

lame.

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons [2=4] 'uran$6e>s successors were weak. There was

no law o! succession.

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons [A=-] 'uran$6e>s successors ecame la6* weak and

corrupt and le!t the administration to their ministers who o!ten put their own

interests <rst. There was no law o! succession. nstead there was usuall a stru$$le

!or succession which ended in war. Succession o!ten depended upon the ailit o!

the candidates and the support the could $et. ,i$htin$ wars ecame e@pensi"e and

the militar was stretched and suIered much ineLcienc. The successors !ailed to

run the :mpire eIecti"el ecomin$ "er e@tra"a$ant and so suIered !rom <nancial

ineLciencies. The "astness o! the :mpire made it hard to de!end and as such

suIered se"eral in"asions. :"entuall the +ritish o"erran the :mpire and were

superior in such areas as militar mi$ht.



(c) Was the $reased cartrid$e incident the most important cause o! the War o!

ndependence o! 1A-? :@plain our answer.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. [1=2] t was the most important reason

9:;:9 2% Description Eidenti<cation o! reasons [=F] ' new cartrid$e was

introduced the +ritish which was !olded in oth cow and pi$ !at. The cartrid$e

had to e un!olded chewin$ with teeth e!ore usin$ them in the $uns.

9:;:9 % :@plains the $reased cartrid$e incident GR other reasons [-=1B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains the $reased cartrid$e incident '5D other reasons [/=1B] ' new

cartrid$e was introduced the +ritish which was coated in oth cow and pi$ !at.

+ecause the soldiers had to chew the !at caused $reat resentment since pi$ !at was

!oridden the uslims and the cow was a sacred animal in the ees o! the

&indus. &owe"er there were other reasons !or the War. The replacement o! 8ersian

and Sanskrit :n$lish as the oLcial lan$ua$e in 12 deepl upset oth the

uslims and &indus. n 1A2 the HDoctrine o! 9apse> was introduced and caused

$reat unrest ecause an local kin$dom not ha"in$ a direct male heir was taken

o"er the +ritish. ' numer o! social re!orms had een imposed without

consultation or care !or local !eelin$ which also caused unrest. ndians had to send

their children to co0educational schools and were !orced to aandon purdha.

9:;:9 A% 's 9e"el 4 = also produces a ud$ement or e"aluation. [14]

S11

1 + the end o! 'uran$6e>s rei$n the authorit o! the u$hal emperors was

declinin$. &indus were not happ with his rei$n and a!ter his death* uslim powerand in3uence o"er ndia* which had een so stron$* e$an to disinte$rate. 't this

time Shah Wali 7llah was $rowin$ up.

(a) Descrie the achie"ements o! Shah Wali 7llah in re"i"in$ slam. [4]



8romoted his messa$e throu$h writin$s* translated the &ol Nuran into 8ersian (1)

which would enale more people read it(1)* emphasised traditional "alues o! their

!aith* stressed the importance o! !ollowin$ teachin$s o! Nuran* !uture de"elopments

uilt upon his teachin$s.

() :@plain wh +ritain was so success!ul in e@tendin$ its control o! the su0

continent etween 1-AB and 1AB. [-]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1] The were etter <$hters.

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons [2=4] The captured rich lands and had a etter arm.



9:;:9 % :@plains reasons [A=-] The attles o! 8lasse and +u@ar $a"e the +ritish

the "ast riches o! +en$al and !a"ourale tradin$ ri$hts with the local nawas. This

pro"ided massi"e new resources which +ritain could use to consolidate its control.

The +ritish also introduced $o"ernor0$enerals into the pro"inces who administered

them alon$ +ritish lines and pro"ided et more control. The +ritish arm* usin$ its

"ast local resources and superior weapons and skills* was increasin$l takin$ controlo! more land.

(c) HThe spread o! arathan power was the main reason !or the decline o! the

u$hal :mpire.> Do ou a$ree or disa$ree? Ji"e reasons !or our answer. [14]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1=2] The were &indus.

9:;:9 2% Description Eidenti<cation o! reasons [=F] 'uran$6e>s successors had a

decadent li!estle and the arathas were ale to de!eat the u$hal soldiers.

9:;:9 % :@plains one reason [-=1B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains more than one reason includin$ arathan power [/=1] There

were a numer o! reasons !or the :mpire>s decline. The arathas were skil!ul &indu

$uerrilla <$hters who de!eated a u$hal arm in 1-- and took control o! Delhi and

eastwards towards +en$al. + 1-FB the were the most power!ul people in ndia

and nothin$ could the u$hals do to stop it. &owe"er* there were other reasons !or

the decline. 'uran6e had an intolerant attitude to non0uslims. &e introduced a

ta@ on non0uslims called the Ki6a. &e destroed &indu temples and tried to an

&indu practices. Ta@ation was hi$h as he had to pa !or the cost o! militar

campai$ns such as the Deccan Wars and he spent hi$hl on lu@urious palaces.

+ecause o! these he ecame an unpopular rule. '!ter his death u$hal :mperors

were renowned !or li"in$ an e@tra"a$ant li!estle and spendin$ mone with little

thou$ht to the eIect it had on the econom o! the :mpire. This led to ineLciencies

and a lack o! interest in the runnin$ o! the :mpire. The asence o! a de<nite line o!

succession led to a si$ni<cant amount o! in0<$htin$ amon$st his successors* which

also led to instailit and the down!all o! the :mpire. The +ritish e@pansion into the

sucontinent was rapid and their !orces and euipment were no match !or the

u$hals* who !ell into rapid decline as a result.


2 n 1A-* a numer o! sepos re!used to use the new cartrid$es at eerut* near

Delhi. The sepos were $i"en lon$ prison sentences and this led to a re"olt in which

their !ellow sepos marched on Delhi and massacred all the +ritish the could <nd.

Thin$s $ot worse !or the +ritish at Canpur.

(a) What happened at the attle o! Canpur? [4]





Troops oined re"olt* killed their oLcers* led 5ana Sahi* +ritish held out !or

weeks* then surrendered* soldiers and BB women and children slau$htered*

remainder kept as prisoners* rein!orcements arri"ed and prisoners killed* +ritish

carried out acts o! re"en$e* Sahi escaped.

() Wh did Sir Sed 'hmad Chan !ound the 'li$arh o"ement? [-]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1] &e was interested in the uslims.

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons [2=4] &e wanted to impro"e relations with the +ritish. &e

wanted to impro"e the position o! uslims.

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons [A=-] &e wanted to impro"e relations etween the

+ritish and uslims $ettin$ rid o! +ritish douts aout uslim loalt and uslim

douts aout the +ritish. &e also wanted to impro"e the social and economic

position o! uslims $ettin$ them to recei"e Western education and take up posts

in the ci"il ser"ice and arm. &e also wanted them to increase their political

awareness to make them aware o! the threat to !rom the &indu polic o!

cooperation with the +ritish.

(c) H8unai has een promoted more than an other 8akistani re$ional lan$ua$e

etween 1/4- and 1///.> Ji"e reasons wh ou mi$ht a$ree and disa$ree with this

statement. [14]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1=2] 8unai is a re$ional lan$ua$e.

9:;:9 2% Description o! lan$ua$es [=F] 8unai was a popular lan$ua$e amon$st

Su< poets. 8ushto is spoken in the 5W,8. Sindhi is the second maor lan$ua$e

spoken in 8akistan.

9:;:9 % :@plains promotion o! at least one lan$ua$e [-=1B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains promotion o! at least two lan$ua$es includin$ 8unai [/=1]

8unai is the local lan$ua$e o! the 8una. t was a popular lan$ua$e amon$st the

Su< poets who used it !or their romantic !olk poetr. These poems contriuted

$reatl to the popularit o! 8unai. '!ter ndependence* steps were taken !or the

promotion and de"elopment o! the lan$ua$e in other parts o! the pro"ince. The

Jo"ernment has ensured its de"elopment $i"in$ support to those institutions

who are usin$ it. Sindhi was written in Harwari> and H'r6 5a$ari> was o! writin$

which was suseuentl chan$ed into 'raic. '!ter ndependence* steps were takento promote the lan$ua$e e.$. the Sindhi 9iterar +oard was set up in 1/4 which

has printed man ooks and ma$a6ines in the lan$ua$e. 8ushto literature was

oosted a!ter ndependence since the poets had contriuted a $reat deal to the

!reedom stru$$le. The +aluchi lan$ua$e has also een promoted its

roadcastin$ on the radio. The estalishment o! the Nuetta Tele"ision Station has

also helped to promote it.




S1B

1 With the slow crumlin$ o! the u$hal :mpire* the onl uestion le!t in the earl

ei$hteenth centur was who would pick up the pieces. ,ew oser"ers could ha"e

$uessed that the :ast ndia #ompan would ha"e plaed such a maor role.

(a) What was the :ast ndia #ompan? [4]



' tradin$ compan* #harter $ranted in 1FBB Nueen :li6aeth * landed at Surat

in 1FB* permission to trade in 1F12* headuarters mo"ed to +oma in 1FF4.

Jrew in power durin$ 1th #entur.

() Wh did Shah Wali 7llah ha"e such a maor in3uence on the re"i"al o! slam inthe su0continent? [-]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement (1) &e was a well known <$ure.

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons (2=4) &e stopped the uslim decline.

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons (A=-) uslims had deteriorated into ein$ a helpless and

disor$anised $roup o! people and i! the were to re$ain their power then stron$

leadership was reuired. &e elie"ed the were i$norant aout slam and the

teachin$s o! the &ol Nuran. There!ore an emphasis on Nuranic teachin$s would

not onl impro"e their knowled$e ut produce a !eelin$ o! solidarit. &e also

elie"ed that uslims> knowled$e o! slam was diLcult to $ain and so he !elt that

translatin$ the &ol Nuran into 8ersian would enale more people read it. +ooks

written in3uenced the re"i"al o! slam (e@amples).

(c) Was a lack o! unit amon$st the ndians the main reason !or the !ailure o! the

War o! ndependence 1A-=1A? :@plain our answer. [14]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. (1=2) The +ritish were etter GR descries the war

andEor causes.

9:;:9 2% DescriptionEidenti<cation o! reasons (=F) The opposition to the +ritish was

too weak.

9:;:9 % :@plains one reason (-=1B)

9:;:9 4% :@plains more than one reason includin$ a lack o! unit (/=1) There was a

lack o! unit and common cause amon$st the ndian population. The 8una was

uninterested in helpin$ the reellion and actuall sent men and supplies to help the

+ritish. This also happened in Cashmir. The +ritish had more modern methods o!



<$htin$ and the arm was etter disciplined as well as ein$ supplied some o!

the local rulers.

9:;:9 A% 's 9e"el 4 = also produces a ud$ement or e"aluation. (14)

2 The election results o! 1/- created more prolems than the sol"ed. #on$ress

was ale to !orm a $o"ernment in most o! the pro"inces and e$an to e@ert control

o"er the minorities. The introduced the Wardha Scheme amon$st man other

re!orms.

(a) What was the Wardha Scheme? [4]



' asic education scheme* introduced Jandhi* made &indi the sole lan$ua$e*

remo"ed reli$ious education* made cotton spinnin$ hand a part o! curriculum.

Students e@pected to ow e!ore picture o! Jandhi.

() Wh was the Chila!at o"ement !ounded? [-]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement (1) +ecause o! the ,irst World War GR e"ents or

!ailure o! o"ement.

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons (2=4) The uslims thou$ht Turke would e split up.

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons (A=-) uslims held the #aliphate o! Turke in hi$h re$ard

and were not prepared to see Turke split up a!ter the War and thus the #aliph

aolished. The e@pressed their "iews to the +ritish $o"ernment durin$ the War

who promised that no harm would e done to the #aliphate. '!ter the War ended

reports !rom :urope su$$ested that the +ritish and ,rench wanted to punish the

Turks !or their support o! the Jermans. 's a result the Chali!at o"ement was

!ounded.

(c) HThe uslim 9ea$ue was estalished in 1/BF ecause the &indus had their own

political part.> Do ou a$ree or disa$ree? Ji"e reasons !or our answer. [14]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement (1=2) uslims wanted their own part.

9:;:9 2% DescriptionEidenti<cation o! reasons (=F) The &indus had the #on$ress

part which represented &indu "iews onl.

9:;:9 % :@plains at least one !actor (-=1B)

9:;:9 4% :@plains at least two !actors includin$ the &indu part (/=1) The #on$ress

was demandin$ that ndia should e treated as a cultural and political whole and

&indi should e declared the oLcial lan$ua$e. t was seen as an or$anisation which

would onl ad"ance &indu "iews. uslim ri$hts would not e ad"anced i! the



continued to rel on the ndian 5ational #on$ress. + not or$anisin$ a uslim

$roup the would continue to e disor$anised and disunited. The didn>t !eel that

had the same in3uence as #on$ress with the +ritish. 'lso the &indus were

e$innin$ to protest a$ainst the partition o! +en$al and the uslims saw this as a

si$n o! the in3uence the &indus had and the were worried aout their own

interests. :"en more worrin$ was the $rowth o! e@treme &indu nationalist $roupswho demanded that uslims e !orcil con"erted to &induism. There!ore a

numer o! prominent uslim leaders !ounded the uslim 9ea$ue.


SB/

1 (a) (i) 5ame the ta@ on non0uslims introduced 'uran$6e that made him an

unpopular ruler. Ki6a. [1]

(ii) Who did Shah Wali 7llah stud under when he went to Saudi 'raia in 1-24?

Sheikh 'u Tahir in rahim. [1]

(iii) 5ame the '!$han $eneral that attacked Caul* 8eshawar and 9ahore in 1-4-.

'hmad Shah DurraniE'dali. [1]

(i") Where was Sed 'hmad Shaheed +arail"i orn in 1-F? Rae +areli* near

9ucknow. [1]

() :@plain wh the :ast ndia #ompan $ot in"ol"ed in the su0continent durin$

the se"enteenth centur.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. (1) The were interested in the countr.

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons. (2=4) To trade and e@tend their sphere o! in3uence in

the :ast.

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons. (A=-) Traders reported e"idence o! immense wealth in

the su0#ontinent which led to the :# estalishin$ a tradin$ ase there since the

saw a pro<tale !uture. t also wanted to estalish its in3uence in the su0#ontinent

and to oust the Dutch and 8ortu$uese. The :# also wanted to estalish a strate$ic

port in the su0continent that would protect its tradin$ interests there.

(c) &as the promotion o! 7rdu een more success!ul than that o! an re$ional

lan$ua$e in 8akistan etween 1/4- and 1/? :@plain our answer.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. (1=2) 7rdu is spoken most people.

9:;:9 2% Description o! 7rdu andEor re$ional lan$ua$es. (=F) 7rdu is the national

lan$ua$e. 8ushto is spoken in the 5W,8. Sindhi is the second maor lan$ua$e

spoken in 8akistan.



9:;:9 % :@plains promotion o! 7rdu GR re$ional lan$ua$e(s). (-=1B)

9:;:9 4% :@plains promotion o! more than one lan$ua$e* includin$ 7rdu. (/=1)

7rdu carries immense importance !or all 8akistanis since it has een considered to

e the lan$ua$e o! all uslims !or BB ears. t was the lan$ua$e associated with

the 8akistani o"ement throu$hout its stru$$le with the +ritish and the &indus.'!ter ndependence it was !elt that the lan$ua$e was the unitin$ !orce ehind the

nation and the $o"ernment is committed to usin$ at all le"els in societ.





Jo"ernment ha"e ensured its de"elopment $i"in$ support to those institutions


which was suseuentl chan$ed into 'raic. '!ter ndependence* steps were

taken to promote the lan$ua$e e.$. the Sindhi 9iterar +oard was set up in 1/4which has printed man ooks and ma$a6ines in the lan$ua$e. 8ushto literature

was oosted a!ter ndependence since the poets had contriuted a $reat deal to the

!reedom stru$$le. The +aluchi lan$ua$e has also een promoted its

roadcastin$ on the radio. The estalishment o! the Nuetta Tele"ision Station has

also helped to promote it.


2 (a) (i) Which ndian $eneral assisted the Rhani o! Khansi durin$ the War o!

ndependence? Tata Topee. [1]

(ii) Which position was added to that o! Jo"ernor0Jeneral a!ter the War o!

ndependence? ;icero. [1]

(iii) 5ame the 'ct o! 8arliament passed in 1- that placed strict controls on some

ndian newspapers. ;ernacular 'ct. [1]

(i") Which or$anisation su$$ested the !ormation o! a political od to represent the

"iews o! ndians in 1? ndian 'ssociation. [1]

() Wh was +ritain success!ul in increasin$ its control o! some parts o! the

sucontinent in the ears 1-AB to 1AB?

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. (1) The were $ood <$hters.

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons. (2=4) The had more resources and etter0ualit

weapons.

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons. (A=-) The +attles o! 8lasse and +u@ar $a"e the +ritish

the "ast riches o! +en$al and !a"ourale tradin$ ri$hts with the local nawas. This



pro"ided massi"e new resources which the +ritish could use to consolidate its

control. The +ritish also introduced $o"ernors0$eneral into the pro"inces who

administered them on +ritish lines and pro"ided et more control. The :ast ndia

#ompan arm* usin$ its "ast local resources and superior weapons and skills* was

increasin$l takin$ control o! more land. The ndian states were disunited politicall

and militaril = a situation o! which the +ritish took !ull ad"anta$e.

(c) Was the de"elopment o! a western education sstem the most important

contriution o! Sir Sed 'hmad Chan in de"elopin$ the cause o! uslims durin$ the

nineteenth centur? :@plain our answer.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. (1=2) Sir Sed was a $reat scholar.

9:;:9 2% Description o! elie!sEwritin$s. (=F) &e wrote a numer o! ooks and

opened a school and uni"ersit.

9:;:9 % :@plains G5: !actor. (-=1B)

9:;:9 4% :@plains at least TWG !actors* includin$ education. (/=1) &e attempted

to impro"e the position o! uslims throu$h education. n 1F he !ounded the

Scienti<c Societ at Jha6ipore. &e wanted to make scienti<c writin$s a"ailale to

uslims translatin$ them !rom :n$lish into 7rdu. &e estalished a uslim

colle$e which led to the uslim0'n$lo Griental #olle$e in 1-F. This ecame the

7ni"ersit o! 'li$arh which ecame important in 8akistani histor as pro"idin$ an

education !or man o! its !uture leaders. &e also made a contriution in politics. &e

elie"ed that uslims would ne"er win an election ecause o! the maorit o! the

population was &indu. &e there!ore ad"ocated separate seats uslim and a

separate uslim electorate* which was the !orerunner o! the !uture demand !or a

separate uslim homeland. &e wrote a numer o! ooks !ollowin$ the War o!

ndependence in which he tried to show the +ritish that the uslims were onl

partl to lame and that there man who were supporters o! the +ritish

$o"ernment. &e su$$ested that the +ritish should tr to understand uslims etter.

&e e@plained H5adarath> in an attempt to remo"e +ritish misunderstandin$ o!

uslims.


SB

O 7#9:S 2BB

1 (a) (i) Who in"aded the u$hal :mpire in 1-? 5adir Shah [1]

(ii) Where did the :ast ndia #ompan land in 1FB? Surat [1]

(iii) Where was a tradin$ post estalished in ndia in 1F/B? #alcutta [1]



(i") Who introduced the Doctrine o! 9apse in 14? Dalhousie [1]

(c) Was the work o! Sed 'hmad Shaheed +arail"i the most important !actor in the

re"i"al o! slam in the su0continent durin$ the se"enteenth and ei$hteenth

centuries? Ji"e reasons !or our answer.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement &e wanted to e a leader. (1=2)

9:;:9 2% Description o! S'S+ or other !actors S'S+ was a !ollower o! Shah 'dul

'6i6 and !ounded the Kihad o"ement. &e attacked Sikh !orces capturin$ 8eshawar.

&S7 estalished the ,arai6i o"ement. SW7 tau$ht at the adrassa in Delhi* spent

some time in edina and wrote a numer o! ooks. (=F)

9:;:9 % :@plains 1 !actor (-=1B)

9:;:9 4% :@plains 2 or more !actors (S'S+ to e included !or ma@ marks) S'S+

spread slam throu$h the Kihad o"ement* which was to ecome an armed stru$$le

to lierate the 8una and the 5W, !rom Sikh rule lar$el ecause uslims wereanned !rom praer and had diLculties practisin$ their reli$ion. SW7 !elt that the

uslims !aced man prolems ecause o! their i$norance aout slam and the &ol

Nuran. &e encoura$ed them to concentrate on Nuranic teachin$s and helped them

translatin$ the &ol Nuran into 8ersian which was the main lan$ua$e o! the

uslims at that time. &is ooks were desi$ned to spread the principles o! slam

amon$st the uslims. &S7 spread slam throu$h the ,arai6i o"ement which

insisted that uslims should per!orm their !arai6 (reli$ious oli$ations). This

alarmed some &indu landlords who were unhapp that workin$ time was ein$ lost.

' hu$e $roup o! !ollowers $rew which were called H,arai6is>. (/=1)


2 (a) (i) Who did the +ritish kill in Kune 1A durin$ the War o! ndependence?

9akshmiai* the Rhani o! Khansi [1]

(ii) What happened to +ahadur Shah a!ter the War o! ndependence? 9i!e

imprisonment [1]

(iii) 5ame the ournal that was the <rst to appear in the nineteenth centur* written

in Sindhi. Ta>alim 'lkhasha!0o0Tauheed [1]

(i") Whose work was the di"in$ !orce in the estalishment o! the slamia #ollle$e in

8eshawar? Sahi6ada 'dul Naum [1]

() Wh did Sir Sed 'hmad Chan wish to de"elop a etter understandin$ with the

+ritish !ollowin$ the War o! ndependence in 1A-?

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement &e elie"ed in them. (1)



9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons &e wanted see uslims prosper and impro"e their

conditions. (2=4)

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons ! the were to impro"e their poor status then the

uslims had to accept more +ritish ideas and take ad"anta$e o! +ritish education.

&e wanted to impro"e their social and economic conditions takin$ up posts in theci"il ser"ice and the arm. ! the didn>t do these thin$s then the would see others

prosper instead. (A=-)

(c) Hndian resistance to +ritish attempts to take control o! lands in the su0continent

was totall unsuccess!ul.> Do ou a$ree? Ji"e reasons !or our answer.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement The +ritish imposed their will on the su0continent.

(1=2)

9:;:9 2% Description o! anne@ation or other !actors Gutlines the e"ents in +en$al*

the 8una* 5W,8 and Sindhi. (=F)

9:;:9 % :@plains successes GR !ailures (-=1B)

9:;:9 4% :@plains successes '5D !ailures Successes% power o! local 5awas earl

successes o! Tipu Sultan Ranit Sin$h ,ailures% stren$th o! +ritish arm e"entual

!ailure o! Tipu Sultan and Ranit Sin$h conuests o! +ritish a$ainst weaker

opposition (/=1)

9:;:9 A% 's 9e"el 4 = also produces a ud$ement or e"aluation (14)

() :@plain wh 7rdu was chosen as the national lan$ua$e o! 8akistan in 1/4-.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement t was !elt to e the est lan$ua$e. (1)

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons t>s the lan$ua$e o! uslims and understood all

8akistanis. (2=4)

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons t carries immense importance !or all 8akistanis since it

has een considered to e the lan$ua$e o! all uslims !or BB ears. t was the

lan$ua$e associated with the 8akistani o"ement throu$hout its stru$$le with the

+ritish. '!ter ndependence it was !elt that the lan$ua$e was the unitin$ !orce

ehind the nation and the $o"ernment is committed to usin$ at all le"els in societ.

(A=-)

SB-

1 (a) (i) Ji"e the name o! the 5awa o! +en$al* whose troops were de!eated at the

attle o! 8lasse in 1-A-. (ii) Who ecame the <rst Jo"ernor0Jeneral o! ndia in

1-2? (iii) Ji"e the name o! Shah 'dul Rahim>s son. (i") n which ear was the

attle o! +alakot?



(i) Sira0ud0Daulah [1]

(ii) Warren &astin$s [1]

(iii) Shah Wali 7llah [1]

(i") 11 [1]

() Wh did the ndian su0continent attract :uropean traders in the late si@teenth

and earl se"enteenth centuries?

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1] The were interested in the countr.

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons [204] To trade and e@tend their sphere o! in3uence in

the :ast.

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons [A0-] Traders reported e"idence o! immense wealth in the

su0#ontinent which led to the :# estalishin$ a tradin$ ase there since the saw

a pro<tale !uture. The :n$lish wanted to estalish their in3uence in the su0

#ontinent and to oust the Dutch and 8ortu$uese.

(c) HThe comin$ o! the +ritish was the main reason !or the decline o! the u$hal

:mpire>. Do ou a$ree or disa$ree? Ji"e reasons !or our answer.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [102] The +ritish in"aded ndia.

9:;:9 2% Description o! reasons !or decline [0F] The +ritish were too stron$.

9:;:9 % :@plains one !actor [-01B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains at least two !actors. The +ritish to e included !or ma@imum

marks [/01] The +ritish e@pansion into the su0continent was limited* ut their

!orces and euipment were no match !or the u$hals who !ell into rapid decline as

a result. &owe"er there were other reasons. The :mperors were renowned !or

li"in$ an e@tra"a$ant li!estle and spendin$ mone with little thou$ht to the eIect it

had on the econom o! the :mpire. This led to ineLciencies and a lack o! interest

in the runnin$ o! the :mpire. The asence o! a de<nite line o! succession led to a

si$ni<cant amount o! in0<$htin$ amon$st potential successors* which also led to

instailit and contriuted to the down!all o! the :mpire. Gther reasons included*

'uran$6e>s reli$ious polic* the e@pense o! <$htin$ the Deccan Wars* de$radation

o! the militar* militar ineLcienc* <nancial ineLciencies* "astness o! the :mpireand in"asions the 8ersians and '!$hans.

9:;:9 A% 's 9e"el 4 = also produces a ud$ement or e"aluation [/014]

2 (a) (i) n which cit was Sir Sed 'hmad Chan orn? (ii) What did the 7nited

8atriotic 'lliance ecome known as in 1/? (iii) Which re$ional lan$ua$e did the

ournal Ta>alim 'lkhasha!0o0Tauheed promote durin$ the nineteenth centur? (i")



Which or$anisation declared in 1/1 that its aim was Ha !orm o! sel!0$o"ernment

suitale !or ndia>?

(i) Delhi [1]

(ii) ohammaden De!ence 'ssociationE'lliance [1]

(iii) Sindhi [1]

(i") uslim 9ea$ue [1]

() Wh did the +ritish decide to re"erse the partition o! +en$al in 1/11?

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1] The &indus didn>t like it.

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons [204] &indus wanted to protest and anned +ritish

$oods.

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons [A0-] The &indus> oection to 8artition was so $reat thatit caused the +ritish to reconsider it. #on$ress opposed it holdin$ meetin$s and

there were mass rallies which put pressure on the +ritish $o"ernment. The

thou$ht it was a delierate attempt to Hdi"ide and rule> on the part o! the +ritish.

The &indus were so an$r that the attempted to assassinate 9ord into and

started their ocott o! +ritish $oods under the HSwadeshi o"ement>. There was

also an outreak o! terrorist acti"ities. ,urther 9ord #ur6on* ori$inator o! the idea*

was no lon$er "icero so a chan$e o! polic was easier.

(c) HThe estalishment o! :n$lish as the oLcial lan$ua$e o! the su0continent in

14 was the main reason !or the War o! ndependence o! 1A->. Do ou a$ree or

disa$ree? Ji"e reasons !or our answer.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [102] t was resented.

9:;:9 2% Description o! :n$lish as the oLcial lan$ua$e or other !actors [0F]

:n$lish replaced 8ersian.

9:;:9 % :@plains at least one !actor [-01B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains at least two. :n$lish to e e@plained !or ma@imum marks [/01]

The replacement o! 8ersian and Sanskrit :n$lish as the oLcial lan$ua$e in the

1Bs deepl upset oth the uslims and &indus. ' numer o! social re!orms hadeen imposed the +ritish without consultation or care !or local !eelin$ which

caused much unrest. ndians had to send their children to co0educational schools

which was hated since it appeared to impose the +ritish sstem on the ndians

without due re$ard to their reli$ious and cultural !eelin$s. The were also !orced to

aandon purdha which had een an ndian custom !or centuries. The HDoctrine o!

9apse> was $raduall introduced* especiall under Dalhousie* and caused $reat

unrest ecause an local kin$dom not ha"in$ a direct male heir was taken o"er



the +ritish. ' new musket cartrid$e was introduced the +ritish which was coated

in oth cow and pi$ !at. +ecause the soldiers had to chew the !at caused $reat

resentment since pi$ !at was !oridden to the uslims and the cow was a sacred

animal in the ees o! the &indus.


SBF

Nuestion 1 (a) (i) n which ear did Shah Wali 7llah return to Delhi !rom his

pil$rima$e to 'raia? (ii) Who led the 8athan militar !orce that Sed 'hmad

Shaheed +arail"i oined !ollowin$ his $raduation !rom the adrassa in Delhi? (iii)

Who wrote 'thar0ul0Sanadeed in 14F? (i") To where was +ahadur Shah e@iled in

1A-? (i) 1-2 [1] (ii) 'mir Chan [1] (iii) Sir Sed 'hmad Chan [1] (i") Ran$oon

(+urma) [1] () :@plain wh the u$hal :mpire declined !ollowin$ the rei$n o!

'uran$6e. 9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement

'uran$6e was to lame

[1]

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons

'uran$6e>s successors were weak. There was no law o! succession.

[204]

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons

'uran$6e>s successors ecame la6* weak and corrupt and le!t the administration

to their ministers who o!ten put their own interests <rst. There was no law o!

succession. nstead there was usuall a stru$$le !or succession which ended in war.

Succession o!ten depended upon the ailit o! the candidates and the support the

could $et. ,i$htin$ wars ecame e@pensi"e and the militar was stretched and

suIered much ineLcienc. The successors !ailed to run the :mpire eIecti"el

ecomin$ "er e@tra"a$ant and so suIered !rom <nancial ineLciencies. The

"astness o! the :mpire made it hard to de!end and as such suIered se"eral

in"asions. :"entuall the +ritish o"erran the :mpire and were superior in such areas

as militar mi$ht.

[A0-]

(+awa pa$es AF0A/* Cell pa$es 1101)

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement.

8ushto is a re$ional lan$ua$e



[102]

9:;:9 2% Description o! re$ional lan$ua$es andEor 7rdu

8ushto is spoken in the 5W,8. Sindhi is the second maor lan$ua$e spoken in

8akistan.

[0F]

9:;:9 % :@plains promotion o! re$ional lan$ua$es GR 7rdu

[-01B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains oth





Jo"ernment ha"e ensured its de"elopment $i"in$ support to those institutions


which was suseuentl chan$ed into 'raic. '!ter ndependence* steps were taken

to promote the lan$ua$e e.$. the Sindhi 9iterar +oard was set up in 1/4 which

has printed man ooks and ma$a6ines in the lan$ua$e. 8ushto literature was

oosted a!ter ndependence since the poets had contriuted a $reat deal to the

!reedom stru$$le. The +aluchi lan$ua$e has also een promoted its roadcastin$

on the radio. The estalishment o! the Nuetta Tele"ision Station has also helped to

promote it.

7rdu carries immense importance !or all 8akistanis since it has een considered to


the 8akistani o"ement throu$hout its stru$$le with the +ritish and the &indus.

'!ter ndependence it was !elt that the lan$ua$e was the unitin$ !orce ehind the


[/01]

9:;:9 A% 's 9e"el 4 0 also produces a ud$ement or e"aluation. [14]

1 (a) (i) Which u$hal prince succeeded 'uran$6e and took the title H+ahadur

Shah>? ua66um 1

(ii) n which ear was 9ahore captured the 8ersians? 1-/

1

(iii) Who wrote the te@t H,atwa0i0'lam$iri>? Shah 'dul Rahim 1 (i") Who

captured 8eshawar in 1B? Sed 'hmed +arel"i 1 () :@plain wh the :ast



ndia #ompan ecame in"ol"ed in the ndian sucontinent durin$ the se"enteenth

centur.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement

The wanted to e@pand there

1

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons or descries the role o! the :#

To trade and e@tend their sphere o! in3uence in the :ast

204

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons

Traders reported e"idence o! immense wealth in the su#ontinent which led to the

#ompan estalishin$ a tradin$ ase there since the saw a pro<tale !uture. The:n$lish wanted to estalish its in3uence in the su0#ontinent and to oust the Dutch

and 8ortu$uese

(c) Was the attempt to achie"e a etter understandin$ with the +ritish the most

important contriution that Sir Sed 'hmed Chan made to the uslim cause durin$

the nineteenth centur?

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement

Sir Sed was a $reat scholar and helped the uslims

102

9:;:9 2% Description o! his career in $eneral terms

&e wrote a numer o! ooks and opened a school and uni"ersit

0F

9:;:9 % :@plains one !actor

-01B

9:;:9 4% :@plains at least two !actors (etter understandin$ to e included !orma@imum marks)

&e wrote a numer o! ooks !ollowin$ the War o! ndependence in which he tried to

show the +ritish that the uslims were onl partl to lame and that there man

who were supporters o! the +ritish $o"ernment. &e su$$ested that the +ritish





uslims. &e also attempted to impro"e the position o! uslims throu$h education.

&e estalished a uslim colle$e which led to the uslim0'n$lo Griental #olle$e in

1-F . This ecame the 7ni"ersit o! 'li$arh which ecame important in 8akistani

histor as pro"idin$ an education !or man o! its !uture leaders. n politics he

elie"ed that uslims would ne"er win an election ecause o! the &indu maorit

population. &e there!ore ad"ocated separate seats and a separate electorate whichwas the !orerunner o! the !uture demand !or a separate homeland

/01

9:;:9 A% 's 9e"el 4 0 also produces a ud$ement or e"aluation. 14

O #amrid$e nternational :@aminations 2B14

1 't <rst the :ast ndia #ompan had a neutral point o! "iew towards reli$ion in

ndia. &owe"er* with the work o! missionaries in the su0continent* the #hristian!aith o! +ritish people li"in$ in ndia was stren$thened. 's a result people ecame

more intolerant o! ndian traditions and eha"iour and the +ritish e$an to impose

chan$es on the wa ndians li"ed* which caused resentment and an@iet.

(a) What was suttee? [4]



' &indu tradition* ritual urnin$ o! widows on !uneral pre o! husands. +ritish

tended to i$nore the practice ecause o! the !ear o! oIendin$ hi$h0caste &indusser"in$ in the +ritish arm and ci"il ser"ice. n 11 stated it was "oluntar and

would onl e anned i! &indu reli$ion opposed it* the widow was under 1F or

into@icated or pre$nant. 8ractice outlawed :# in +en$al in 12/ and later in rest

o! ndia Jo"ernor Jeneral 9ord +entinck. Suttee remained le$al in some princel

states. solated instances occurred in 2Bth centur.

() Wh did Sir Sed 'hmad Chan tr to impro"e relations etween the uslims

and the +ritish?

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1] &e elie"ed in them.

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons [2=4] &e wanted to see uslims prosper and impro"e

their conditions.

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons [A=-] ! the were to impro"e their poor status* then

the uslims had to accept more +ritish ideas and take ad"anta$e o! +ritish

education. &e wanted to impro"e their social and economic conditions takin$ up

posts in the ci"il ser"ice and the arm. ! the didn>t do these thin$s* then the

would see the &indus prosper at their e@pense.



(c) PThe stren$th o! the +ritish arm was the sole reason !or the !ailure o! the War o!

ndependence 1A.Q Do ou a$ree? Ji"e reasons !or our answer.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1=2] The +ritish were etter.

9:;:9 2% Description o!Eidenti<es reasons [=F] The opposition to the +ritish was

too weak.

9:;:9 % :@plains the stren$th o! the +ritish or other reasons [-=1B] 9:;:9 4%

:@plains the stren$th o! the +ritish and other reasons [/=1] The +ritish had more

modern methods o! <$htin$ and the arm was etter disciplined as well as ein$

supplied some o! the local rulers. The +ritish were also skilled diplomats so the

were ale to keep other areas o! ndia under their control.

There was also a lack o! unit and common cause amon$st the ndian population.

The 8una was uninterested in helpin$ the reellion and actuall sent men and

supplies to help the +ritish. Some o! the ndian princes were onl interested in

restorin$ their own powers and this o!ten depended upon the support o! the +ritish.

This e@plains wh the ruler o! Cashmir sent troops to help the +ritish. uslims were

more likel to oppose the +ritish in the war ut there was no sense o! unit with

Sikhs and &indus who were less likel to support them in their cause. 'lthou$h

there were a series o! uprisin$s a$ainst the +ritish* the ndians lacked coordination

and stren$th in depth. 's a result the were o"ercome the +ritish.


1 '!ter ndependence* 7rdu ecame the national lan$ua$e as it was a uni!in$ !orce

in the new countr. t was seen as the link lan$ua$e !or all the pro"inces to pro"ide

!or the cultural and educational needs o! the people. &owe"er* it was also

reco$nised that re$ional lan$ua$es had an important role to pla in the newl

!ormed countr. Gne o! these was Sindhi.

(a) &ow has 8akistan promoted the de"elopment o! Sindhi since 1/4-?



Joes ack to 12th #entur* 1/4 Sindhi 9iterar +oard set up. ,olk literature ooks

written* 1/A4 +a6m0e0Tali0ul0uala set up* Sarmast academ estalished in

memor o! Sachal Sarmast* Sindhiolo$ department set up at Sindh 7ni"ersit Kamshoro. '!ter riots o! 1/-2 $o"ernment $uaranteed special importance o! the

lan$ua$e.

() &ow did the successors o! 'uran$6e contriute to the down!all o! the u$hal

:mpire?

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1] The were up to no $ood.



9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons [2=4] 'uran$6e>s successors were weak. There was

no law o! succession.

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons [A=-] 'uran$6e>s successors ecame la6* weak and


interests <rst. 's a result the :mpire was adl ruled. There was no law o!succession. nstead there was usuall a stru$$le !or succession which ended in war.

Succession o!ten depended upon the ailit o! the candidates and the support the

could $et. 's a result the :mpire suIered. ,i$htin$ wars ecame e@pensi"e and the

militar was stretched and suIered much ineLcienc especiall as the successors

were "er e@tra"a$ant and so suIered !rom <nancial ineLciencies which aIected

their ailit to de!end the :mpire.

(c) Was the ndustrial Re"olution in +ritain the most important reason wh the

+ritish were ale to take control o! ndia etween 1-AB and 1AB? :@plain our

answer.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1=2] The +ritish imposed their will on the su0

continent.

9:;:9 2% Description o!Eidenti<es reasons [=F] The ndustrial Re"olution

pro"ided $uns !or the +ritish arm.

9:;:9 % :@plains the ndustrial Re"olution or other reasons [-=1B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains the ndustrial Re"olution and other reasons [/=1] The ndustrial

Re"olution pro"ided "ast wealth ad pro<t ut depended upon the import o! raw

materials. Raw cotton was imported !rom ndia and no imports o! <nished cotton

$oods were allowed. This had a terrile eIect on the cotton industr in ndia and as

a result it collapsed. +ritain now controlled the cotton trade makin$ "ast pro<ts ut

none was in"ested in ndia. ' network o! roads and later railwas ser"ed to rein!orce

+ritain>s control o! ndia which was essential to assist trade and control the land.

n order to !urther rein!orce its control* +ritain estalished an administrati"e sstem

that took o"er all duties and responsiilities o! the :ast ndia #ompan and imposed

$o"ernment control throu$h an eLcient administrati"e sstem* that !eatured such

personalities as 9ord Wellesle* Roert #li"e and Warren &astin$s as Jo"ernors

Jenerals* who throu$h their administrati"e skills were !urther ale to e@ert $reater

control o! ndia.

The conuest o! lar$e areas o! ndia !urther stren$thened +ritish control o! ndia.

ndia was not a united nation and the +ritish arm did not meet much resistance.

The manu!acture o! weapons in +ritain aided this control. #andidates ma also

consider such !actors as education* reli$ious and social re!orms durin$ this time* the

Doctrine o! 9apse etc. &owe"er an o! these !actors must relate to the notion o!

control as in the uestion* in order to reach le"el or 4.




2 Sir Sed 'hmad Chan decided to chan$e uslim attitudes towards recei"in$ a

+ritish education. &e tra"elled to :n$land to stud the uni"ersit sstem there. &e

elie"ed in settin$ up a uni"ersit !or uslims in the sucontinent and was

impressed the uni"ersities o! G@!ord and #amrid$e. &owe"er* on his returnhome he !ound that his plans were met with suspicion !rom some people.

5e"ertheless he wanted to pursue the idea o! pro"idin$ etter education !or

uslims.

(a) What was the ohammaden 'n$lo0Griental School?



Set up in 1-A on a 24th in 'li$arh on pattern o! :n$lish pulic school sstem.

The +ritish re!used to allow it to e aLliated with a uslim uni"ersit outside +ritish

territor so it couldn>t ecome the uslim uni"ersit that Sir Sed wanted. The

school oIered western some slamic and ndian education and ecame a smol o!

uslim unit. an o! !uture 8akistan leaders educated there e.$. 9iauat 'li Chan

and 'u Chan.

() Wh did the War o! ndependence !ail to meet its aims in 1A-?

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1] The ndians lost the war.

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons [2=4] The opposition to the +ritish was too weak.

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons [A=-] There was a lack o! unit and common causeamon$st the ndian population. The 8una was uninterested in helpin$ the reellion

and actuall sent men and supplies to help the +ritish. This also happened in

Cashmir. The +ritish had more modern methods o! <$htin$ and the arm was etter

disciplined as well as ein$ supplied some o! the local rulers.

(c) Was the need !or their own political part the most important reason wh the

uslim 9ea$ue was estalished in 1/BF? :@plain our answer.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1=2] The needed their own part.

9:;:9 2% DescriptionEidenti<cation o! reasons [=F] The &indus had the #on$ress

part which represented &indu "iews onl.

9:;:9 % :@plains the need !or own part or other reasons [-=1B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains the need !or own part and other reasons [/=1] uslims were

increasin$l aware that their political ri$hts would not e ad"anced i! the

continued to rel on the ndian 5ational #on$ress. + not or$anisin$ a uslim $roup

the would continue to e disor$anised and disunited. t was also set up ecause o!



the $rowth o! a etter understandin$ etween the +ritish and uslims that was

re3ected in the Simla Declaration in 1/BA. n 1/BA a new 9ieral $o"ernment had

taken oLce that seemed likel to make chan$es in political representation and

uslims !elt that the needed their own political part. The #on$ress was

demandin$ that ndia should e treated as a cultural and political whole and &indi

should e declared the oLcial lan$ua$e. t was seen as an or$anisation which wouldonl ad"ance &indu "iews. The did not !eel that had the same in3uence as

#on$ress with the +ritish. 'lso the &indus were e$innin$ to protest a$ainst the

partition o! +en$al and the uslims saw this as a si$n o! the in3uence the &indus

had and the were worried aout their own interests. :"en more worrin$ was the

$rowth o! e@treme &indu nationalist $roups who demanded that uslims e !orcil

con"erted to &induism. There!ore a numer o! prominent uslim leaders !ounded

the uslim 9ea$ue.


1 Sir Sed 'hmad Chan was determined to impro"e the status o! uslims. &e had adesire to re0estalish $ood relations with the +ritish which* he hoped would lead to

$reater opportunities !or uslims. &e also elie"ed that uslims should ha"e $ood

relations with &indus. &owe"er* he was concerned aout the H&indu07rdu

#ontro"ers.>

(a) Descrie the H&indu07rdu #ontro"ers.> [4]



1F-* &indus demanded &indi e the oLcial lan$ua$e instead o! 7rdu* Sir Sed and

uslims shocked at attack on 7rdu as it had a special meanin$ to them. :"en &indumemers o! his Scienti<c Societ wanted their ournal pulished in &indi. Jrowin$

elie! that &indus workin$ a$ainst the interests o! uslims and led to his Two 5ation

Theor.

() Wh did the ndian su0continent attract the +ritish in the earl se"enteenth

centur? 9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1] The were interested in the countr.

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons [2=4] To trade and e@tend their sphere o! in3uence in

the :ast.

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons [A=-] Reports o! immense wealth in the su0continent

led to the +ritish estalishin$ a tradin$ ase there as the saw a pro<tale !uture*especiall in cotton* silk and su$ar. The wanted to estalish its in3uence in the

su0continent and to oust the Dutch and 8ortu$uese. The also wanted to estalish

a strate$ic port in the su0continent that would protect its tradin$ interests there

and in the ,ar :ast. The also !ound diLcult in reakin$ into the spice trade in the

:ast ndies due to Dutch dominance and so ndia was a $ood alternati"e.



(c) &ow success!ul was ndian resistance to +ritish attempts to take control o! lands

in the su0continent etween 1-AB and 1AB? :@plain our answer. 9:;:9 1%

Simplistic statement. [1=2] The +ritish imposed their will on the su0continent.

9:;:9 2% Description o! anne@ation [=F] Gutlines the e"ents in +en$al* the 8una*

5W,8 and Sindhi. 9:;:9 % :@plains successes GR !ailures [-=1B] 9:;:9 4%

:@plains successes '5D !ailures [/=1]

Successes% power o! local 5awas earl successes o! Tipu Sultan Ranit Sin$h

,ailures% stren$th o! +ritish arm e"entual !ailure o! Tipu Sultan and Ranit Sin$h

conuests o! +ritish a$ainst weaker opposition 9:;:9 A% 's 9e"el 4 = also

produces a ud$ement or e"aluation [14]

2 9an$ua$e is e@tremel important in the de"elopment o! an nation. ' common

lan$ua$e helps to uild a shared understandin$ o! what a nation elie"es in. 7rdu

ecame the national lan$ua$e o! 8akistan ut* due to the di"ersit o! lan$ua$es and

culture across the countr* man re$ional lan$ua$es ha"e een promoted the

$o"ernment. Gne o! these is 8unai.

(a) &ow has the 8akistan $o"ernment promoted the de"elopment o! 8unai? [4]




Su< poets who used it !or their romantic !olk poetr0 contriuted to the popularit o!

8unai. '!ter ndependence* steps were taken !or the promotion and de"elopment

o! the lan$ua$e in other parts o! the pro"ince. The Jo"ernment ha"e ensured its

de"elopment $i"in$ support to those institutions that are usin$ it. Radio* T; and

<lm promotin$ classical and !olk literature as a result. 8unai theatre popular.

() Wh was +en$al partitioned in 1/BA? 9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1] t

wanted to e !ree. 9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons [2=4] t was too lar$e and &indus

were in the maorit. 9:;:9 % :@plains reasons [A=-] G! the A4 million people

in +en$al 42 million were &indus. t seemed sensile to di"ide up the pro"ince on

reli$ious $rounds and also ecause it was ecomin$ "er lar$e and producin$

si$ni<cant administrati"e prolems. + doin$ this it was !elt that the pro"ince would

e easier to administer especiall at the time o! a new +ritish $o"ernment in power.

The &indus saw it as a polic o! HDi"ide and Rule>* an attempt the +ritish to work

a$ainst the &indus. The uslims !elt that it was a +ritish attempt to reco$nise theuslims a!ter ears o! mistrust and domination the &indus.

(c) HThe 9ucknow 8act o! 1/1F was the most important attempt either the

uslims* &indus or the +ritish $o"ernment in seekin$ a solution to the prolems in

the sucontinent etween 1/B/ and 1/1/.> Do ou a$ree? Ji"e reasons !or our

answer.



9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. [1=2] The were the most important 9:;:9 2%

Description o! re!orms [=F] The 98 was an a$reement etween uslims and

&indus 9:;:9 % :@plains the 9ucknow 8act GR other attempts [-=1B] 9:;:9 4%

:@plains the 9ucknow 8act '5D other attempts [/=1] The 9ucknow 8act o! 1/1F

was an a$reement etween the uslims and &indus which placed a numer o!

political demands to the +ritish $o"ernment in an attempt to show a united !rontand produce common aims. ,or the <rst time &indus acknowled$ed that uslims

had the ri$ht to a separate electorate and was there!ore seen as a eacon o! hope

!or the !uture. &owe"er there were other attempts to sol"e the prolems in the su0

continent durin$ these ears. The orle0into Re!orms ecame law in 1/B/ as the

ndian #ouncils 'ct. The importance o! the #ouncils which were enlar$ed was to

ensure that ndian le$islators were $i"en a chance to e@press their opinions. The

+ritish also accepted the ri$ht o! uslims to ha"e a separate electorate. 9ittle was

done the +ritish $o"ernment aout the sucontinent durin$ the ,irst World War.

The # Re!orms disappointed the uslims and &indus as the had hoped !or

$reater concessions. #entral $o"ernment reser"ed sweepin$ powers !or itsel! with

onl minor concessions !or the locals. The Re!orms did hold out concessions to

political parties pro"ided that the accepted the ri$ht o! the +ritish to remain in

control. ,ollowin$ the # re!orms the Rowlatt 'ct o! 1/1/ increased the resentment

o! the political parties includin$ the ri$ht o! arrest without a warrant and

detention without ail.


1 's the morale and commitment o! uslims increased it was ine"itale that with

the ri$ht leadership some uslims would take part in more a$itation a$ainst the

+ritish. t was clear that the uslim identit in ndia would continue to $ain stren$th.

Gne such man was Titu ir.

(a) Who was Titu ir? [4]



' disciple o! Sed 'hmed* horri<ed suIerin$s o! uslim !armers in West +en$al

durin$ 1Bs* or$anised a stand a$ainst 6amindars* set up his own rule near

#alcutta with small arm* pro"oked +ritish and killed in attle 11.

() :@plain the choice o! 7rdu in 1/4- as the national lan$ua$e o! 8akistan. [-]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. [1] t was !elt to e the est lan$ua$e.

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons. [2=4] t is understood all 8akistanis.



9:;:9 % :@plains reasons. [A=-] t carries immense importance !or all 8akistanis

since it has een considered to e the lan$ua$e o! all uslims !or BB ears. t was

the lan$ua$e associated with the 8akistani o"ement throu$hout its stru$$le with

the +ritish and the &indus. '!ter ndependence* it was !elt that the lan$ua$e was

the unitin$ !orce ehind the nation and the $o"ernment is committed to usin$ it at

all le"els in societ

(c) Did educational re!orms ha"e a more important eIect on the ndians than the

social* reli$ious and economic ones introduced the +ritish durin$ the ears 1--

to 1AF? :@plain our answer. [14]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. [1=2] The aIected all ndians.

9:;:9 2% Description o! re!orms. [=F] :n$lish was tau$ht in schools and suttee

was anned.

9:;:9 % :@plains one !actor. [-=1B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains more than one !actor* includin$ educational re!orms. [/=1]

acaule introduced schools across the countr to teach Western ideas usin$ the

:n$lish lan$ua$e. &e elie"ed that +ritish ideas were !ar etter than anthin$ that

came !rom ndia and that it would impose Western "alues and help the +ritish to

$o"ern ndia more eIecti"el. 'lthou$h a common lan$ua$e would help to unite

ndia* imposin$ a :uropean culture on the ndians would alienate man o! them.

ndians had to send their children to coeducational schools* which was unpopular*

since it appeared to impose the +ritish sstem on the ndians without due re$ard to

their reli$ious and cultural !eelin$s. #hristian missionaries came to ndia to con"ert

the local population as well as to set up schools. n these schools the missionaries

tau$ht #hristianit and e@pected local reli$ions to e $i"en up* which was resented

uslims* &indus and Sikhs alike. The replacement o! 8ersian and Sanskrit

:n$lish as the oLcial lan$ua$e in the 1Bs deepl upset oth the uslims and

&indus. ' numer o! social re!orms had een imposed the +ritish without

consultation or care !or local !eelin$* which caused much unrest. The annin$ o!

!emale in!anticide and suttee* whilst seen the +ritish as inappropriate* did $o

a$ainst man traditional !eelin$s &indus especiall held. The were also !orced to

aandon purdha* which had een an ndian custom !or centuries. n 1A2* the

HDoctrine o! 9apse> was introduced and this caused $reat unrest ecause an local

kin$dom not ha"in$ a direct male heir was taken o"er the +ritish. The

introduction o! the railwa in ndia re"olutionised communication and trans!ormedthe countr. ,or +ritain* it meant that there was another means o! e@tendin$ their

power and helped industr to pro<t transportin$ raw materials to the ports. ,or

the ndians* there were man ad"anta$es* especiall in times o! !amine when !ood

could e transported more easil.




2 Sir Sed 'hmed Chan admired man +ritish was o! doin$ thin$s. 't the same

time he had a $reat !aith in the uslim reli$ion. &e was con"inced that i! the +ritish

e"er le!t ndia the uslims would e dominated the o"erwhelmin$ &indu

maorit. &e decided to do somethin$ aout this. &e pulished a pamphlet called

HThe 9oal ohammedans o! ndia.>

(a) What was HThe 9oal ohammedans o! ndia?> [4]



To rin$ aout etter relations etween +ritish and uslims* told +ritish that

uslims were not opposed to them* +ritish shouldn>t discriminate a$ainst them as

uslims were wron$l lamed !or "iolence* tr to understand and respect uslim

elie!s* should consult with ndians.

() Wh did the ndians not achie"e independence in 1A-? [-]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. [1] The were unsuccess!ul in the War.

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons. [2=4] The opposition to the +ritish was too weak.

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons. [A=-] There was a lack o! unit and common cause

amon$st the ndian population. The 8una was uninterested in helpin$ the reellion

and actuall sent men and supplies to help the +ritish. This also happened in

Cashmir. The +ritish had more modern methods o! <$htin$ and the arm was etter

disciplined as well as ein$ supplied some o! the local rulers.

(c) Did &ai Shariat 7llah contriute more to the spread o! slam than anone elsein the su0continent e!ore 1AB? :@plain our answer. [14]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. [1] &S7 was a $reat scholar.

9:;:9 2% Description o! SW7 or other !actors. [=F] &S7 estalished the ,arai6i

o"ement. SW7 tau$ht at the adrassa in Delhi* spent some time in edina and

wrote a numer o! ooks. S' was a !ollower o! Shah 'dul '6i6 and !ounded the

Kihad o"ement.

9:;:9 % :@plains at least one !actor. [-=1B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains 2 or more !actors includin$ &S7. [/=1] &S7 spread slamthrou$h the ,arai6i o"ement which insisted that uslims should per!orm their

!arai6 (reli$ious oli$ations). This alarmed the &indu landlords who were unhapp

with the uslim practices. ' hu$e $roup o! !ollowers $rew* who were called

H,arai6is>. SW7 !elt that the uslims !aced man prolems ecause o! their

i$norance aout slam and the &ol Nuran. &e encoura$ed them to concentrate on

Nuranic teachin$s and helped them translatin$ the &ol Nuran into 8ersian*

which was the main lan$ua$e o! the uslims at that time. &is ooks were desi$ned



to spread the principles o! slam amon$st the uslims. S'S+ spread slam throu$h

the Kihad o"ement* which was to ecome an armed stru$$le to lierate the 8una

and the 5W, !rom Sikh rule* lar$el ecause uslims were anned !rom praer and

had to under$o man humiliations* which made it diLcult to practise their reli$ion.


1 (a) What was the ,arai6i o"ement? [4]



,ounded &ai Shariat 7llah* to restore pride o! uslims* re"i"e slam* remo"e

&indu practices in worship* emphasis on prain$ !or past sins* promisin$ to lead a

ri$hteous li!e in !uture* alarmed &indus* work carried on son.

() Wh did the :ast ndia #ompan ecome in"ol"ed in the ndian su0continent

durin$ the se"enteenth centur? [-]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. The wanted to spend their time there. (1)

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons. To trade and e@tend their in3uence in the :ast. (2=4)

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons. Reports o! immense wealth in the su0continent led to

the #ompan estalishin$ a tradin$ ase there as the saw a pro<tale !uture. The

:n$lish wanted to estalish its in3uence in the su0continent and to oust the Dutch

and 8ortu$uese. The :# also wanted to estalish a strate$ic port in the

sucontinent that would protect its tradin$ interests there and in the ,ar :ast. (/=

1)

(c) &ow success!ul were the +ritish attempts to take control o! lands in the su0

continent etween 1-AB and 1AF? [14]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. The +ritish imposed their will on the su0continent.

(1=2)

9:;:9 2% Description o! +ritish conuests. Gutlines the e"ents in +en$al* the

8una* 5W,8 and Sindh. (=F)

9:;:9 % :@plains successes GR ,ailures (-=1B)

9:;:9 4% :@plains oth% (/=1)

Successes Stren$th o! +ritish 'rm. :"entual !ailure o! Tipu Sultan and Ranit

Sin$h. denti<es success!ul conuests o! +ritish a$ainst weaker opposition.

'nne@ation o! Gudh under the Doctrine o! 9apse.

,ailures 8ower o! local 5awas. :arl successes o! Tipu Sultan. Ranit Sin$h.

'!$hanistan campai$n. (/=1)




2 (a) &ow has the 8akistan $o"ernment promoted the de"elopment o! +alochi since

1/4-? [4]



Radio 8akistan Carachi roadcasts in +alochi* +alochi 9iterar 'ssociation set up*

weekl and monthl ma$a6ines pulished* Nuetta T; station* de"elopment o!

+alochi literature* writers and poets e.$. 'tta Shad* sh Shamin* Jul Chan 5a6ir and

'6ad Kamal Din.

() :@plain wh the u$hal :mpire declined !ollowin$ the death o! 'uran$6e. [-]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. There weren>t an $ood rulers a!ter his death. (1)

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons. 'uran$6e>s successors were weak. There was no law

o! succession. (2=4)

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons% 'uran$6e>s successors ecame la6* weak and


interests <rst. There was no law o! succession. nstead there was usuall a stru$$le

!or succession which ended in war. Succession o!ten depended upon the ailit o!

the candidates and the support the could $et. ,i$htin$ wars ecame e@pensi"e and

the militar was stretched and suIered much ineLcienc. The successors !ailed to

run the :mpire eIecti"el* ecomin$ "er e@tra"a$ant and so suIered !rom

<nancial ineLciencies. The "astness o! the :mpire made it hard to de!end and as

such suIered se"eral in"asions. :"entuall the +ritish o"erran the :mpire and were

superior in such areas as militar mi$ht. (A=-)

(c) Were the reli$ious "iews o! Sir Sed 'hmad Chan his most important contriution

in de"elopin$ the cause o! uslims durin$ the nineteenth centur? :@plain our

answer. [1]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement. &e was a $reat <$ure in uslim histor. (1=2)

9:;:9 2% Description o! elie!sEwritin$s. &e wrote a numer o! ooks and opened a

school and uni"ersit. (=F)

9:;:9 % :@plains at least one !actor. (-=1B)

9:;:9 4% :@plains at least two !actors includin$ reli$ion. &e elie"ed that relations

with the +ritish could e impro"ed impro"in$ the understandin$ o! #hristianit

uslims. &e tried to o"ercome this writin$ Tain0ul0Calam* in which he

pointed out the similarities etween slam and #hristianit. &e was also aware that

the +ritish knew little aout slam and was oIended a ook he read in +ritain on

the li!e o! the 8rophet and as a result he wrote his own work correctin$ the man



errors he had read. &owe"er he contriuted man other thin$s. &e attempted to

impro"e the position o! uslims throu$h education. n 1F he !ounded the

Scienti<c Societ at Jha6ipore. &e wanted to make scienti<c writin$s a"ailale to

uslims translatin$ them !rom :n$lish into 7rdu. &e estalished a uslim

colle$e which led to the uslim0'n$lo Griental #olle$e in 1-F. This ecame the

7ni"ersit o! 'li$arh which ecame important in 8akistani histor as pro"idin$ aneducation !or man o! its !uture leaders. &e also made a contriution in politics. &e

elie"ed that uslims would ne"er win an election ecause o! the &indu maorit

population. &e there!ore ad"ocated separate seats and a separate electorate which

was the !orerunner o! the !uture demand !or a separate homeland. &e wrote a

numer o! ooks !ollowin$ the War o! ndependence in which he tried to show the

+ritish that the uslims were onl partl to lame and that there were man who

were supporters o! the +ritish $o"ernment. &e su$$ested that the +ritish should tr

to understand uslims etter. &e $a"e an e@planation o! the word >5adarath> in an

attempt to remo"e the misunderstandin$ o! the +ritish aout the uslims. (/=1)


1 (a) (i) Who $ranted permission to the :ast ndia #ompan in 1F12 to e$in

tradin$? [1] Jo"ernor o! Juarat Churram (!uture Shah Kehan)

(ii) Who did the ,rench encoura$e to attack the :ast ndia #ompan ase at

#alcutta in 1-AF? [1] 5awa o! +en$al (Sira0ud0Daulah)

(iii) Which lan$ua$e did :n$lish replace in 14 as the oLcial lan$ua$e o! ndia?

[1] 8ersian

(i") What position did Sir Sed 'hmad Chan hold when the War o! ndependence

roke out in 1A-? [1] #hie! Kud$e o! +inaur

() :@plain the reasons !or the !ailure o! the War o! ndependence 1A-=A. [-]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement Descries reasons !or War or e"ents. (1)

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons The opposition to the +ritish was too weak. (2=4)

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons There was a lack o! unit and common cause amon$st

the ndian population. The 8una was uninterested in helpin$ the reellion and

actuall sent men and supplies to help the +ritish. This also happened in Cashmir.

The +ritish had more modern methods o! <$htin$ and the arm was etterdisciplined as well as ein$ supplied some o! the local rulers. (A=-)

(c) HThe policies o! 'uran$6e were the main reason !or the decline o! the u$hal

:mpire.> Do ou a$ree or disa$ree? Ji"e reasons !or our answer. [14]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement &e was an important ruler. (1=2)



9:;:9 2% Description o! reasons in $eneral &e ta@ed non0uslims and destroed

a numer o! &indu temples. (=F)

9:;:9 % :@plains one !actor (-=1B)

9:;:9 4% :@plains more than one !actor includin$ 'uran$6e>s policies

'uran$6e had an intolerant attitude to non0uslims. &e introduced a ta@ on non0

uslims called the Ki6a. &e destroed &indu temples and tried to an &indu

practices. Ta@ation was hi$h as he had to pa !or the cost o! militar campai$ns

such as the Deccan Wars and he spent hi$hl on lu@urious palaces. +ecause o!

these he ecame an unpopular rule. '!ter his death u$hal :mperors were

renowned !or li"in$ an e@tra"a$ant li!estle and spendin$ mone with little thou$ht

to the eIect it had on the econom o! the :mpire. This led to ineLciencies and a

lack o! interest in the runnin$ o! the :mpire. The asence o! a de<nite line o!

succession led to a si$ni<cant amount o! in0<$htin$ amon$st his successors which*

also led to instailit and the down!all o! the :mpire. (/=1)


2 (a) (i) Who called !or !reedom !or the ndian people and was imprisoned in 1/-

!or writin$ a pro"ocati"e newspaper article? [1] +al Jan$adhar Tilak o! 8oona

(ii) Who was ;icero o! ndia in 1/B? [1] 9ord #ur6on

(iii) Which law introduced in 1/B $a"e the +ritish $o"ernment $reater control o"er

newspapers? [1] 8ress 'ctEndian 5ewspaper 'ct

(i") Where was the re"ersal o! the 8artition o! +en$al announced in 1/11? [1]

Delhi (Durar o! 1/11)

() Wh ha"e re$ional lan$ua$es een promoted the 8akistan $o"ernment since

1/4-? [-]

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement The are spoken in 8akistan. (1)

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons To keep the lan$ua$es ali"e. (2=4)

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons t was !elt that the literature and work undertaken

authors in such areas as Sindh should e kept ali"e and so the $o"ernment set up

odies to promote it such as the Sindhi 9iterar +oard in 1/4. an lan$ua$es

ha"e plaed an important role in the histor o! the re$ion* e$ 8ushto literature had

an important role in creatin$ opposition to +ritish rule and the mo"ement !or

independence. +alochi had little de"elopment e!ore 1/4- and its literature was in

decline. &owe"er the $o"ernment !elt that it should e kept ali"e and not lost

!ore"er. &ence the lan$ua$e was promoted. (A=-)

(c) Did Shah Wali 7llah contriute more to the spread o! slam than anone else in

the su0continent e!ore 1AB? :@plain our answer. [14]



9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement &e was "er important to the spread o! slam. (1=2)

9:;:9 2% Description o! Shah Wali 7llah>s work or that o! others SW7 tau$ht at the

adrassa in Delhi* spent some time in edina and wrote a numer o! ooks. S' was

a !ollower o! Shah 'dul '6i6 and !ounded the Kihad o"ement. &e attacked Sikh

!orces capturin$ 8eshawar. &S7 estalished the ,arai6i o"ement. (=F)

9:;:9 % :@plains at least one !actor (-=1B)

9:;:9 4% :@plains importance o! work o! a numer o! people includin$ SW7 SW7 !elt

that the uslims !aced man prolems ecause o! their i$norance aout slam and

the &ol Nuran. &e encoura$ed them to concentrate on Nuranic teachin$s and

helped them translatin$ the &ol Nuran into 8ersian which was the main

lan$ua$e o! the uslims at that time. &is ooks were desi$ned to spread the

principles o! slam amon$st the uslims. &owe"er he was not the onl one who was

important in the spread o! slam at this time. S'S+ spread slam throu$h the Kihad

o"ement* which was to ecome an armed stru$$le to lierate the 8una and the

5W, !rom Sikh rule lar$el ecause uslims were anned !rom praer and had to

under$o man humiliations* which made it diLcult to practise their reli$ion. &S7

spread slam throu$h the ,arai6i o"ement which insisted that uslims should

per!orm their !arai6 (reli$ious oli$ations). This alarmed the &indu landlords who

were unhapp with the uslim practices. ' hu$e $roup o! !ollowers $rew which were

called H,arai6is>. (/=1)

9:;:9 A% 's 9e"el 4 = also produces a ud$ement or e"aluation (14

1 (a) (i) '!ter winnin$ the +attle o! 8lasse in 1-A-* what did Roert #li"e ecome?

Jo"ernor o! +en$al [1]

(ii) 5ame &ai Shariat 7llah>s son who carried on his work a!ter his death in 14B.

ohsin0ud0Din [1]

(iii) n which ear did the 'mirs o! Sindh attack the +ritish Residenc o! Sir #harles

5apier?

14 [1]

(i") What did Sir Sed 'hmad Chan estalish in 1F?

Scienti<c Societ at Jha6ipore [1]

() :@plain wh the successors o! 'uran$6e !ailed to pre"ent the decline o! the

u$hal :mpire.


The weren>t an $ood as rulers.




'uran$6e>s successors were weak. There was no law o! succession.


'uran$6e>s successors tended to e la6* weak and corrupt* lea"in$ theadministration to their ministers who o!ten put their own interests <rst. There was

no law o! succession. nstead there was usuall a stru$$le !or succession which

ended in war. Succession o!ten depended upon the ailit o! the candidates and

the support the could $et. ,i$htin$ wars was "er e@pensi"e and the militar was

stretched and suIered much ineLcienc. These emperors !ailed to run the :mpire

eIecti"el* ecomin$ "er e@tra"a$ant and so suIered !rom <nancial ineLciencies.

The "astness o! the :mpire made it hard to de!end and as such suIered se"eral

in"asions !rom stron$er ri"als. :"entuall the +ritish o"erran the :mpire and were

superior in such areas as militar mi$ht.

(c) HReli$ious !actors were more important than an other in causin$ the War o!

ndependence o! 1A-=1A.> Do ou a$ree? Ji"e reasons !or our answer.


The +ritish were resented.

9:;:9 2% Description o! reli$ious or other causes [=F]

#hristianit was tau$ht in schools.

9:;:9 % :@plains one !actor [-=1B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains at least two !actors. :n$lish to e e@plained !or ma@imum marks.

[/=1]

#hristian missionaries came to ndia to con"ert the local population as well as set

up schools. n these schools the missionaries tau$ht #hristianit and e@pected local

reli$ions to e $i"en up which was resented uslims* &indus and Sikhs alike. The

replacement o! 8ersian and Sanskrit :n$lish as the oLcial lan$ua$e in the 1Bs

deepl upset oth the uslims and &indus. ' numer o! social re!orms had een

imposed the +ritish without consultation or care !or local !eelin$ which caused

much unrest. ndians had to send their children to co0educational schools which was

hated since it appeared to impose the +ritish sstem on the ndians without due

re$ard to their reli$ious and cultural !eelin$s. The were also !orced to aandon

purdha which had een an ndian custom !or centuries. The HDoctrine o! 9apse>

caused $reat unrest ecause an local kin$dom not ha"in$ a direct male heir was

taken o"er the +ritish. ' new cartrid$e was introduced the +ritish which was

coated in oth cow and pi$ !at. +ecause the soldiers had to chew the !at* this



caused $reat resentment since pi$ !at was !oridden the uslims while the cow

was a sacred animal in the ees o! the &indus.

9:;:9 A% 's 9e"el 4 = also produces a ud$ement or e"aluation. [14

O 7#9:S 2BB-

1 (a) (i) Who went to war with the :ast ndia #ompan in 1FF? [1]

'uran$6e

(ii) Which 'ct o! 8arliament passed in 1 said that ndians could e part o! the

#i"il Ser"ice? [1]

#harter 'ct

(iii) Who anne@ed Sindh !ollowin$ the attack on the +ritish Residenc in 14? [1]

Sir #harles 5apier

(i") 5ame the sepo whose actions led to his e@ecution in arch 1A-? [1]

an$al 8ande

() Wh were there attempts to re"i"e slam in the su0continent durin$ the

ei$hteenth and earl nineteenth centuries?


t was needed


To halt the decline o! uslims and spread slam


SW7 elie"ed that uslims were i$norant aout slam and the teachin$s o! the

&ol Nuran. There!ore an emphasis on Nuranic teachin$s would not onl impro"e

their knowled$e ut produce a !eelin$ o! solidarit. &e also elie"ed that uslims>

knowled$e o! slam was diLcult to $ain and so he !elt that translatin$ the &olNuran into 8ersian would enale more people read it. S'S+ wanted a ihad (&ol

War) to restore the uslim !aith. The 8una was under Sikh rule and the 8unai

uslims !ound it diLcult to practise their reli$ion and were humiliated the Sikhs.

&S7 wanted to spread slam throu$h the ,arai6i o"ement which insisted that

uslims should per!orm their !arai6 (reli$ious oli$ations). This alarmed the &indu

landlords who were unhapp with the uslim practices.



(c) HSindhi was promoted more than an other re$ional lan$ua$e etween 1/4- and

1/>. Do ou a$ree or disa$ree? Ji"e reasons !or our answer.


Sindhi is a re$ional lan$ua$e.

9:;:9 2% Description o! re$ional lan$ua$es [=F]

Sindhi is the second maor lan$ua$e spoken in 8akistan. 8ushto is spoken in the

5W,8.

9:;:9 % :@plains promotion o! 1 lan$ua$e [-=1B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains promotion o! more than1 lan$ua$e (Sindhi to e included !or

ma@imum marks [/=1]

'!ter ndependence* steps were taken to promote Sindhi e.$. the Sindhi 9iterar

+oard was set up in 1/4 which has printed man ooks and ma$a6ines in the

lan$ua$e. 8unai is the local lan$ua$e o! the 8una. t was a popular lan$ua$e

amon$st the Su< poets who used it !or their romantic !olk poetr. These poems

contriuted $reatl to the popularit o! 8unai. '!ter ndependence* steps were

taken !or the promotion and de"elopment o! the lan$ua$e in other parts o! the

pro"ince. The Jo"ernment ha"e ensured its de"elopment $i"in$ support to those

institutions who are usin$ it. 8ushto literature was oosted a!ter ndependence since

the poets had contriuted a $reat deal to the !reedom stru$$le. The +aluchi

lan$ua$e has also een promoted its roadcastin$ on the radio. The

estalishment o! the Nuetta Tele"ision Station has also helped to promote it.


2 (a) (i) 5ame the cit where Nueen ;ictoria was proclaimed H:mpress o! ndia> in

1--. [1]

Delhi

(ii) State the 'ct o! 8arliament passed in 1- that placed strict controls on ndian

newspapers. [1]

;ernacular 'ct

(iii) What was the population o! Western +en$al in 1/BA? [1]

A4 million

(i") n which cit did the uhammadan :ducational #on!erence meet in 1/BF? [1]

Dhaka



() Wh did the War o! ndependence o! 1A- !ail?


Descries reasons !or War or e"ents.


The opposition to the +ritish was too weak.


There was a lack o! unit and common cause amon$st the ndian population. The

8una were uninterested in helpin$ the reellion and actuall sent men and

supplies to help the +ritish. This also happened in Cashmir. The +ritish had more

modern methods o! <$htin$ and the arm was etter disciplined as well as ein$

supplied some o! the local rulers.

(c) HSir Sed 'hmed Chan>s political elie!s had a $reater impact on the uslims

than an o! his other elie!s>. Do ou a$ree or disa$ree? Ji"e reasons !or our

answer.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement [1=2]

Sir Sed was a $reat scholar.

9:;:9 2% Description o! elie!sEwritin$s [=F]

&e wrote a numer o! ooks and opened a school and uni"ersit.

9:;:9 % :@plains at least one !actor [-=1B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains at least two !actors. 8olitical writin$s to e e@plained !or

ma@imum marks [/=1]

n politics he elie"ed that uslims would ne"er win an election ecause o! the

&indu maorit population. &e there!ore ad"ocated separate seats and a separate

electorate which was the !orerunner o! the !uture demand !or a separate homeland.

&e wrote a numer o! ooks !ollowin$ the War o! ndependence in which he tried to

show the +ritish that the uslims were onl partl to lame and that there man

who were supporters o! the +ritish $o"ernment. &e su$$ested that the +ritish



uslims. &e also attempted to impro"e the position o! uslims throu$h education.

&e estalished a uslim colle$e which led to the uslim0'n$lo Griental #olle$e in

1-F. This ecame the 7ni"ersit o! 'li$arh which ecame important in 8akistani

histor as pro"idin$ an education !or man o! its !uture leaders.




1 (a) (i) Where did 'uran$6e <$ht a lon$ series o! wars a$ainst the arathas?

Deccan peninsula [1]

(ii) Who succeeded 'uran$6e in 1-12 at the a$e o! F?

+ahadur Shah Eua66um [1]

(iii) When did Nueen :li6aeth $rant the charter to the :ast ndia #ompan?

1FBB [1]

(i") n which town did the ndian troops rise up a$ainst the +ritish in 1A-?

eerut [1]

() Wh was +ritain so success!ul in e@pandin$ its control o! the su0continent

etween 1-AB and 1AB?

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement* !or e@ample% The were etter <$hters. [1]

9:;:9 2% denti<es reasons* !or e@ample% The captured rich lands and had a

etter arm. [204]

9:;:9 % :@plains reasons* !or e@ample% The attles o! 8lasse and +u@ar $a"e the

+ritish the "ast riches o! +en$al and !a"ourale tradin$ ri$hts with the local nawas.

This pro"ided massi"e new resources which the +ritish could use to consolidate

control. The +ritish also introduced $o"ernors0$eneral into the pro"inces who

administered them on +ritish lines and pro"ided et more control. The +ritish arm

usin$ its "ast local resources and superior weapons and skills was increasin$ltakin$ control o! more land. [A0-]

O 7#9:S 2BBF

(c) Was the work o! Shah Wali 7llah the most important !actor in the re"i"al o! slam

in the su0continent durin$ the se"enteenth and ei$hteenth centuries? Ji"e reasons

!or our answer.

9:;:9 1% Simplistic statement* !or e@ample% SW7 was a $reat scholar. [102]

9:;:9 2% Description o! SW7 or other !actors* !or e@ample% SW7 tau$ht at the

adrassa in Delhi* spent some time in edina and wrote a numer o! ooks. S' wasa !ollower o! Shah 'dul '6i6 and !ounded the Kihad o"ement. &e attacked Sikh

!orces capturin$ 8eshawar. &S7 estalished the ,arai6i o"ement. [0F]

9:;:9 % :@plains 1 !actor. [-01B]

9:;:9 4% :@plains 2 or more !actors (SW7 to e included !or ma@ marks)* !or

e@ample% SW7 !elt that the uslims !aced man prolems ecause o! their



i$norance aout slam and the &ol Nuran. &e encoura$ed them to concentrate on

Nuranic teachin$s and helped them translatin$ the &ol Nuran into 8ersian

which was the main lan$ua$e o! the uslims at that time. &is ooks were desi$ned

to spread the principles o! slam amon$st the uslims.

S'S+ spread slam throu$h the Kihad o"ement* which was to ecome an armedstru$$le to lierate the 8una and the 5W, !rom Sikh rule lar$el ecause uslims

were anned !rom praer and had to under$o man humiliations* which made it

diLcult to practise their reli$ion. &S7 spread slam throu$h the ,arai6i o"ement

which insisted that uslims should per!orm their !arai6 (reli$ious oli$ations). This

alarmed the &indu landlords who were unhapp with the uslim practices. ' hu$e

$roup o! !ollowers $rew which were called H,arai6is>. [/01]


1 (a) (i) n which ear did Ranit Sin$h die? (ii) Who led a $roup o! !ollowers in

the nineteenth centur called ,arai6is>? (iii) Where did Sir Sed 'hmed Chan

estalish a Scienti<c Societ in 1F? (i") Which od did the ohammedan

De!ence 'ssociation replace in 1/?

(i) 1/ [1] (ii) &ai Shariat 7llah [1] (iii) Jha6ipore [1] (i") 8atriotic 'lliance [1]

() Wh did Shah Wali 7llah ha"e such an important in3uence on the re"i"al o!

slam in the su0continent?

9e"el 1% Simplistic statement [1] &e was well known

9e"el 2 denti<es reasons [204]

To halt the decline o! uslims

9e"el :@plains reason [A0-]

uslims had deteriorated into ein$ a helpless and disor$anised $roup o! people

and i! the were to re$ain their power then stron$ leadership was reuired. &e

elie"ed the were i$norant aout slam and the teachin$s o! the &ol Nuran.

There!ore an emphasis on Nuranic teachin$s would not onl impro"e their

knowled$e ut produce a !eelin$ o! solidarit. &e also elie"ed that uslims>

knowled$e o! slam was diLcult to $ain and so he !elt that translatin$ the &ol

Nuran into 8ersian would enale more people to read it.

(c) Were the weak and $reed characteristics o! 'uran$6e>s successors the most

important reasons !or the collapse o! the u$hal :mpire? :@plain our answer.

9e"el 1% Simplistic statement [102]

The were weak and lackin$ character.



9e"el 2% Description o! reasons in $eneral [0F]

The were weak and lo"ed a rich li!estle

9e"el % :@plains one !actor [-01B]

9e"el 4 :@plains at least two !actors (weak and $reed to e [/01] included!or ma@imum marks)

The :mperors were renowned !or li"in$ an e@tra"a$ant li!estle and spendin$

mone with little thou$ht to the eIect it had on the econom o! the :mpire. This

led to ineLciencies and a lack o! interest in the runnin$ o! the :mpire. &owe"er

there were other reasons. The asence o! a de<nite line o! succession led to a

si$ni<cant amount o! in0<$htin$ amon$st his successors which* also led to

instailit and the down!all o! the :mpire. Gther reasons included* '>s reli$ious

polic* the e@pense o! <$htin$ the Deccan Wars* de$radation o! the militar* militar

ineLcienc* <nancial ineLciencies* "astness o! the :mpire and n"asions.

9e"el A% 's le"el 4 = also produces a ud$ement or e"aluation [14]

2 (a) (i) Who captured Jwalior !rom the +ritish in 1A-? (ii) What 'ssociation was

!ormed in 1/? (iii) n which town was the twentieth session o! the ohammedan

:ducational #on!erence held? (i") n which ear was the <rst Chila!at #on!erence

held?

(i) Rani o! Khansi [1] (ii) ohammadan 'n$lo0Griental De!ence 'ssociation o!

7pperndia ('G) [1] (iii) Dhaka [1] (i") 1/1/ [1]

() Wh did 8akistan choose 7rdu as its national lan$ua$e?


t !elt it was the est lan$ua$e

9e"el 2% denti<es reasons [204]

t>s the lan$ua$e o! uslims and understood all 8akistanis

9e"el % :@plains reasons [A0-]

t carries immense importance !or all 8akistanis since it has een considered to


the 8akistani o"ement throu$hout its stru$$le with the +ritish and the &indus.

'!ter ndependence it was !elt that the lan$ua$e was the unitin$ !orce ehind the


(c) HThe introduction o! social re!orms* such as education* the +ritish caused the

War o! ndependence in 1A->. Do ou a$ree? Ji"e reasons !or our answer.




+ritish education was resented the ndians

9e"el 2% Description o! reasons [0F]

The had to send their children to co0educational schools

9e"el % :@plains one reason [-01B]

9e"el 4% :@plains at least two reasons (social re!orm includin$ [/01]

education to e e@plained !or ma@imum marks)

' numer o! social re!orms had een imposed the +ritish without consultation

or care !or local !eelin$ which caused much unrest. ndians had to send their

children to co0educational schools which was hated since it appeared to impose the

+ritish sstem on the ndians without due re$ard to their reli$ious and cultural

!eelin$s. The were also !orced to aandon purdha which had een an ndiancustom !or centuries. The replacement o! 8ersian and Sanskrit :n$lish as the

oLcial lan$ua$e in 12 deepl upset oth the uslim and &indus. n 1A2 the

HDoctrine o! 9apse> was introduced and caused $reat unrest ecause an local

kin$dom not ha"in$ a direct male heir was taken o"er the +ritish. ' new

cartrid$e was introduced the +ritish which was coated in oth cow and pi$ !at.

+ecause the soldiers had to chew the !at caused $reat resentment since pi$ !at was

!oridden the uslims and the cow was a sacred animal in the ees o! the

&indus.

9e"el A% 's 9e"el 4 = also produces a ud$ement or e"aluation [14]

1 (a) (i) Who led the <rst maor in"asion o! the u$hal :mpire !rom 8ersia in 1-?

(ii) n which ear did Sir Sed 'hmed Chan write his work 'thar0ul0Sanadeed?

(iii) With which $roup o! people did Sir Sed 'hmed Chan ar$ue re$ardin$ the

acceptance o! western science within the slamic !aith?

(i") 5ame the attle !ou$ht in the Su0#ontinent in 1-F4.

(i) 5adir Shah 1

(ii) 14F 1

(iii) 7lema 1

(i") +u@ar 1

() Wh were the +ritish ale to replace the u$hals as the dominant !orce in the

Su0#ontinent 1AB?



9:;:9 1 Simplistic statement 1

The were stron$er

9:;:9 2 denti<es reasons 204

The had superior weapons and were etter or$anised

9:;:9 :@plains reasons A0-

The +ritish were alread ecomin$ well estalished in the Su0#ontinent and had

$ained much territor and so were well placed to take o"er !rom the u$hals. Due

to the ndustrial Re"olution +ritain had een ale to stockpile weapons which were

o! superior ualit to an o! those which the ndians had. 'lso the troops were

etter disciplined* trained and or$anised and were ale to estalish their superiorit

without much opposition.

(c) &ow important was Shah Wali 7llah in the spread o! slam in the Su0#ontinente!ore 1AB? :@plain our answer.

9:;:9 1 Simplistic statement. 102

&e was "er important to the spread o! slam

9:;:9 2 Description o! Shah Wali 7llahs work or that o! others 0F

SW7 tau$ht at the adrassa in Delhi* spent some time in edina and wrote a

numer o! ooks. S' was a !ollower o! Shah 'dul '6i6 and !ounded the Kihad

o"ement. &e attacked Sikh !orces capturin$ 8eshawar. &S7 estalished the ,arai6i

o"ement.

9:;:9 :@plains importance o! his workEdisa$rees e@plains importance o! one other

-01B

9:;:9 4 :@plains importance o! work o! a numer o! people (to include SW7 !or

ma@imum marks) 01

SW7 !elt that the uslims !aced man prolems ecause o! their i$norance aout

slam and the &ol Nuran. &e encoura$ed them to concentrate on Nuranic

teachin$s and helped them translatin$ the &ol Nuran into 8ersian which was

the main lan$ua$e o! the uslims at that time. &is ooks were desi$ned to spreadthe principles o! slam amon$st the uslims. &owe"er he was not the onl one who

was important in the spread o! slam at this time. S'S+ spread slam throu$h the

Kihad o"ement* which was to ecome an armed stru$$le to lierate the 8una and

the 5W, !rom Sikh rule lar$el ecause uslims were anned !rom praer and had

to under$o man humiliations* which made it diLcult to practise their reli$ion. &S7

spread slam throu$h the ,arai6i o"ement which insisted that uslims should

per!orm their !arai6 (reli$ious oli$ations). This alarmed the &indu landlords who



were unhapp with the uslim practices. ' hu$e $roup o! !ollowers $rew which were

called H,arai6is>.

9:;:9 A 's 9e"el 4 0 also produces a ud$ement or e"aluation. 14

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