section 16.4 threats to biodiversity key concept the...
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Section 16.4 Threats to Biodiversity
KEY CONCEPT
The impact of a growing human population threatens
biodiversity.
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Preserving biodiversity is important to the future of the
biosphere.
• The loss of biodiversity has long-term effects.
– loss of medical and technological advances
– extinction of species
– loss of ecosystem stability
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Loss of habitat eliminates species.
• Habitat fragmentation prevents an organism from
accessing its entire home range.
– occurs when a barrier forms within the habitat
– often caused by human development
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• Habitat corridors are a solution to the problem.
– corridors can be road overpasses or underpasses
– allow species to move between different areas of
habitat
Loss of habitat eliminates species.
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Introduced species can disrupt stable relationships in an
ecosystem.
• An introduced species is one that is brought to an
ecosystem by humans.
– accidental
– purposeful
• Invasive species
can have an
environmental
and economic
impact.
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• Invasive species often push out native species.
– Burmese python (Florida Everglades)
Introduced species can disrupt stable relationships in an
ecosystem.
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• Invasive species often push out native species.
– mice (Australia)
Introduced species can disrupt stable relationships in an
ecosystem.
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• Invasive species often push out native species.
– kudzu (southeastern United States)
Introduced species can disrupt stable relationships in an
ecosystem.
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Section 19.1 Diversity of Protists
KEY CONCEPT
Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the
kingdoms.
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Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or fungus-like.
• Protists are eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or
fungi.
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• Animal-like protists consume other organisms.
– heterotrophs
– single-celled
Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or fungus-like.
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• An amoeba is an animal-like protist that feeds by engulfing
food.
Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or fungus-like.
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• A paramecium is an animal-like protist that has no cell
wall.
Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or fungus-like.
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• Plant-like protists are photosynthetic.
– single-celled, colonial, or multicellular
– no roots, stems, or leaves
Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or fungus-like.
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• A euglena has both animal-like structures—such as an
eyespot, contractile vacuoles, and flagella—and plantlike
structures, such as chloroplasts.
Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or fungus-like.
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• Fungus-like protists decompose dead organisms.
– heterotrophs
– can move, whereas fungi cannot
Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or fungus-like.
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• A slime-mold is a fungus-like protist.
Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or fungus-like.
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Protists are difficult to classify.
• Protista is one kingdom in the domain Eukarya.
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• Protist classification will likely change.
– Some protists are not closely related.
– Molecular evidence supports reclassification.
Protists are difficult to classify.
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Section 19.6 Ecology of Fungi
KEY CONCEPT
Fungi recycle nutrients in the environment.
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Fungi may be decomposers, pathogens, or mutualists.
• Fungi and bacteria are the main decomposers in any
ecosystem.
– decompose dead leaves, twigs, logs, and animals
– return nutrients to the soil
– can damage fruit trees and wooden structures
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• Fungi can act as pathogens.
– human diseases include ringworm and athlete’s foot
– plant diseases include Dutch elm disease
Fungi may be decomposers, pathogens, or mutualists.
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• Fungi can act as mutualists.
– lichens form between fungi and algae
– mycorrhizae form between fungi and plants
Fungi may be decomposers, pathogens, or mutualists.
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– relationships form between fungi and some insects
• Fungi can act as mutualists.
Fungi may be decomposers, pathogens, or mutualists.
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Fungi are studied for many purposes.
• Fungi are useful in several ways.
– as food
– as antibiotics
– as model systems for molecular biology