Section 10.1-10.30

CORRECT USE OF VERBS

Verbs have four principal parts:1. The present2. The present participle3. The past4. The past participle

ALL other forms of any verb can be derived from these principal parts

All verbs can be classified as regular or irregular verbs, depending on the way the past and past participle are formed Regular verbs form the past and past participle by adding: -

ed, -d, or –t to the present Irregular verbs form the past and past participle in irregular

ways Both regular and irregular verbs form the present participle

by adding –ing to the present

PRINCIPAL PARTS

Don’t confuse the past tense with the past participle Never use helping verbs with the past tense Always use helping verbs with the past participle For example: to draw

Present: draw Past: drew Present participle: drawing Past participle: drawn

Jason drawn the best sketch. (incorrect) Jason drew the best sketch. (correct) Jason has drew the best sketch (incorrect) Jason has drawn the best sketch. (correct)

PRINCIPAL PARTS

Sit: to be seated Sit, sitting, sat, (have) sat Usually intransitive

I always sit in the bleachers at football games. The visiting teams are sitting with their coaches. We sat there until the game was over. The Dawsons have sat in the same section for every game.

Set: to put or place something Set, setting, set, (have) set Usually transitive

Emily sets the plates on the table. They were setting the jars on the shelf. He set the gas cap on the car. Her plants have been set outside the door.

SIT AND SET

Rise: to go up; to get up Rise, rising, rose, (have) risen Intransitive

Rise and say the Pledge to the flag. The water in the river is rising rapidly. The weather balloon rose to a height of 90,000 feet. The sun has risen, and we must depart.

Raise: to lift something; to push something up Raise, raising, raised, (have) raised Transitive

Raise the flag when the trumpet sounds. They are raising the drawbridge for the sailboat. She raised her voice when the jet flew overhead. Potatoes have been raised by Maine farmers for generations.

RISE AND RAISE

Lie: to recline Lie, lying, lay, (have) lain Intransitive

She lies down for twenty minutes at noon. Our dog is lying in the shade. He lay in the shade all afternoon. The ship has lain at anchor for two weeks.

Lay: to put or place something Lay, laying, laid, (have) laid Transitive

Lay down your rifle before checking the targets. They were laying the carpet last night. Pastor Vaughn laid an open Bible before the man. Our sins were laid on Jesus Christ.

LIE AND LAY

The tense of a verb indicates the time of the actionThere are six tenses in the English language:

1. Present tense2. Past tense3. Future tense4. Present perfect tense5. Past perfect tense6. Future perfect tense

Progressive and emphatic are special forms of the main tenses Progressive form shows continuing action and is used

with all six tenses Emphatic form shows emphasis and is used with only the

present and past

TENSE

The verb be is an important helping verb It is used in all six tenses in forming the progressive tenses

and in forming the passive voiceThe helping verb do is used in forming the present

emphatic tense and the past emphatic tenseThe six tenses indicate the time of the action (or

condition) expressed by the verb. The name of the tenses generally represent the actual time

of the action

TENSE

Use the present tense to indicate an action that is occurring now, at the present time Mr. Keith drives a truck. Jack is president of his class. Mr. Baker is traveling to Ohio. I do like both spinach and broccoli.

Use the past tense to indicate an action that occurred some definite time in the past He played tennis whenever he could find the time. Jack was president of his class. He was still working at midnight. He did work hard to meet the deadline.

TENSE

Use the future tense to indicate an action that will occur in the future I shall go with you. I shall be going with you each week.

Use the present perfect tense to indicate an action that was begun in the past and is completed at the present time The present perfect indicates that the past action has some

connection with the present moment Adam has completed his science project. Mr. Clive has bee teaching math for ten years.

TENSE

Use the past perfect tense to indicate an action that was completed before some other past action Mrs. Stone had already bought the gifts before the sale

started. She had been swimming for five hours when her crew

sighted a shark.Use the future perfect tense to indicate an action that

will be completed before some other future action He will have visited all the major cities before he returns. They will have been travelling for nine hours by the time we

awake tomorrow.

TENSE

In sentences that have subordinating elements (usually anything but simple sentences) be sure that you’re the tenses in your sentence shows a logical time relation to the governing clause In other words, don’t switch tenses part way through a

sentenceUse the “things” you learned in the previous slides to

keep a correct sequence of events and tenses

TENSE SEQUENCE