section 1 the first greek civilizations. the impact of geography greece is a small, mountainous...
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World HistoryChapter 4-Ancient Greece
Section 1The First Greek Civilizations
The Impact of GeographyGreece is a small, mountainous peninsula;
many islands; mountains and sea played a key role in development of the civilization
Mountains kept the Greeks isolated; formed their own ways of life; very independent
Because of the long seacoast, many Greeks became seafarers; trading and establishing colonies
Geography of Greece
The Minoan civilizationBronze Age civilization, used metals, set up
on the island of CreteNamed Minoan after King Minos of Crete by
Arthur Evans, archaeologists who discovered Flourished between 2700-1450 B.C.Evans found a palace complex at Knossos;
remnants of a rich culture; sea empire based on trade
Minoan Civilization
MinoansPalace at Knossos-elaborate, many rooms for
the royal family, workshops for making things, bathrooms with drains
Rooms were painted and decorated; storerooms held grain, oil, & wine-taxes
1450 B.C.-suffered a collapse, some think a tidal wave; most historians believe they were invaded by Mycenaeans, mainland Greeks
Palace at Knossos
The First Greek State: MycenaeMycenae; fortified city found by Heinrich
Schliemann, one of several such centers, flourished between 1600-1100 B.C.
Indo-European people; entered Greece around 1900 B.C.
High point of civilization b/n 1400-1200 B.C.; powerful monarchies, may have formed loose alliances with each other
Mycenaean Civilization
MycenaePalace centers built up on hills, surrounded
by walls; the rest of the people lived outside the walls
Tholos or tombs for the royal family was a unique feature of these centers; built into hills
Extensive trade networkWarrior people, many murals of battles,
expanded militarily to include Crete & some Aegean Islands
Mycenaean architecture
Attack on Troy & the Fall of the Mycenaean CivilizationMost famous military expedition; did it
happen? Attacked city of Troy around 1250 B.C.; led
by King Agamemnon of Mycenae Mycenaean society was in trouble by the late
13th century B.C.; fighting among each other, major earthquakes; invasions from the north; by 1100 B.C. it had collapsed
The Greeks in a Dark AgeDark Age of Greece-from 1100-750 B.C.; food
production dropped as did populationVery few records of what happened existBy 850 B.C. farming was revived; new Greece
was starting to develop
Developments of the Dark AgeDuring the Dark Ages many Greeks left the
mainlandWestern part of Asia Minor-IoniaAeolian Greeks-left northern & central
Greece, settled on island of Lesbos and mainland areas near there
Dorian Greeks-settled in southwestern Greece, area of the Peloponnesus, some islands in southern Aegean(Crete)
Greek Migrations
More DevelopmentsRevival of trade; other economic activityIron replaced bronze in weapons & farm
tools; increase food production, affordable weapons
Greeks adopted Phoenician alphabet; made learning to read and write easier
Greek Alphabet
HomerHomer wrote down epic poems that had been
passed down for generations orallyIliad –story of the Trojan War-Greek states
wage war on the city of Troy to get Helen(wife of a king) back
Story not just of war, but of the Greek hero Achilles and what his anger caused
Odyssey-retells the story of Odysseus and his return home
Homer
Homer’s impactIt is said Homer did not record history as
much as he created itGreeks look at these two stories as actual
historical accounts; ideal past; texts for educational purposes
Homer taught values like courage and honor; Greeks used these as part of their tradition & a model for future generations
Arete-excellence won in a struggle; fighting for family, honor; earns a reputation
Trojan Horse
Achilles & Odysseus