secret codes presented by the mathscience innovation center written by theresa meade
TRANSCRIPT
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Secret Codes
Presented by the MathScience Innovation Center
written by
Theresa Meade
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What is a barcode?
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Today’s goals
Use math and engineering to:
• Find out how barcodes work
• Look at how technology is becoming smaller
• Propose solutions to a growing problem
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Let’s take a look• What do you notice about your barcodes?
Barcodes
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How do they work?
• How does a scanner “know” that it has read a code correctly?
• What do all of those numbers mean?
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Unlocking the code
check digit
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Unlocking the code
Add the digits in the odd positions. 1 + 0 + 1 + 7 + 1 + 6 =
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Unlocking the code
1 + 0 + 1 + 7 + 1 + 6 = 16
Now multiply your answer by 3. What is 16 X 3?
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Unlocking the code
Next add all of the even digits except for the last one.3 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 3 =
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Unlocking the code
Now add the results from the odd and even digits:
48 + 14 =
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Unlocking the code
When you add the check digit, your result must be a multiple of 10, otherwise the scanner “knows” there is something wrong with the UPC.
So, does 62 + 8 give us a multiple of ten?
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Your turn!
• I will hand out student sheets for you to work on.
• The first two are the same for everyone.
• You get to choose the next two!
• Think about ways to make your addition and your multiplication easier. Are there groups that you can put together? Are there facts that you already know?
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Let’s talk about your results• What strategies did you use to help you
check your first barcode?
1 + 5 + 0 + 7 + 1 + 5
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Let’s talk about your results• What strategies did you use to help you
check your first barcode?
19 X 3
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Let’s talk about your results• What strategies did you use to help you
check your first barcode?
2 + 0 + 2 + 4 + 3
2
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Were there any other strategies you came up with
that were really helpful?
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Engineers are still working!
This very special device transmits data over radio frequencies. It is more sophisticated and much smaller than today’s barcodes. Why?
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PENI-tag
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RFID or barcode
• There are some important differences:
• RFIDs can be processed hundreds of items at a time, but a barcode scanner can only read one item at a time.
• RFIDs are much, much smaller than barcodes.
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How small is small?
• Scientists use the metric system. What do you know about this system?
• Let’s measure some items and put them in order from largest to smallest.
• I will give you a data sheet and a ruler.
• Measure each item, and then write its measurement, in order, on your data sheet.
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Let’s look at your results
• What was the length of the longest item you measured?
• What was the length of the shortest item?
• Why do you think there were differences in your results?
• How many centimeters difference between 2 items?
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How small is really small?
• We were just working with centimeters, but our engineers are now working at the “nanoscale”.
• How many centimeters in a meter?
• There are one billion nanometers in a meter!
• How small is that?
100, 0,000,000
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Time to investigate!
• Can you reach the nanoscale?• I will give you a 10 centimeter long strip of
paper and a pair of scissors.• Can you cut your paper into a strip that is
1000 nanometers wide?• How many cuts do you think that would
be?• Keep track of your cuts and let’s see how
close you can get to a nanosized piece!
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And the point?
• What did you learn about nanoscale?
• How difficult do you think it is for our engineers and scientists to work at this level?
• What benefit do you see for radio frequency identification?
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Some examples…
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Some examples
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Some examples
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Some examples
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Some examples
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Some examples
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RFID
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Can you solve this problem?
• Engineers use math and science to solve problems and design new technologies.
• How could you improve on barcodes?
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Questions?