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SECONDARY SOURCES - NORTH AMERICA FUR TRADE

Achtenberg, David. "A Day During the Rendezvous." North West Courant 2, no. 1 (Summer 1989): 4-7.

Adam, G. Mercer. The Canadian North-West Its History and Its Troubles, from the Early Days of the Fur-Trade to the Era of the Railway and the Settler; with Incidents of Travel in the Region, and the Narrative of Three Insurrections. Toronto Whitby: Rose Pub. Co. J.S. Robertson & Bros., 1885.

Adams, Gary. "Art and Archaeology at York Factory." The Beaver, Summer 1982, 38-42.

Albanese, Philip. "The Columbia Enterprise." North West Courant 2, no. 4 (Spring 1990): 14-17.

Allaire, Bernard. Pelleteries, Manchons et Chapeaux de Castor les Fourrures Nord-Américaines à Paris, 1500-1632. Sillery, Québec: Septentrion, 1999.

Allaire, Gratien. "Fur Trade Engages: 1701-1745." In Rendezvous: Selected Papers of the Fourth North American Fur Trade Conference, 15-26. St-Paul: North American Fur Trade Conference, 1984.

Allan, Iris. John Rowand, Fur Trader a Story of the Old Northwest. Frontier Books. Toronto: W.J. Gage, 1963.

Alwin, John A. "Colony and Company Sharing the York Mainline." The Beaver, Summer 1979, 4-11.

Alwin, John A. "Mode, Pattern and Pulse: Hudson's Bay Company Transport, 1670-1821". Ph.D. thesis, University of Manitoba, 1978.

Alwin, John A. "Pelts, Provisions And Perceptions: The Hudson's Bay Company Mandan Indian Trade, 1795-1812." Montana 29, no. 3 (1979): 16-27.

Alwin, John A. Mode, Pattern and Pulse Hudson's Bay Company Transport, 1670-1821. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Manitoba, 1978.

Anderson, A. C. "Life at Lachine." The Beaver, June 1952, 28-31.

Anderson, Dean L. "The Flow of European Trade Goods Into the Western Great Lakes Region, 1715-1760." In The Fur Trade Revisited: Selected Papers of Teh Sixth North American Fur Trade Conference, Mackinac Island, Michigan, 1991, edited by Jennifer S.H. Brown, W.J. Eccles, and Donald P. Heldman, 93-115. East Lansing/Mackinac Island: Michigan State University Press, 1994.

Anderson, J. W. Fur Trader's Story. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1961.

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Andrews, Elizabeth Mary. Fort Spokane and Spokane House. Seattle: M.A. Thesis, University of Washington, 1924.

Andrews, R. J. The Voyageurs. Toronto: Ginn and Company, 1969.

Andrews, Robert J. The Fur Fort. Ginn Studies in Canadian History. [Toronto]: Ginn, 1979.

Angel, Barbara, and Michael Angel. Letitia Hargrave and Life in the Fur Trade. We Built Canada. Agincourt: Book Society of Canada, 1981.

Angus, Henry Forbes, Frederic William Howay, and W. N. Sage. British Columbia and the United States the North Pacific Slope from Fur Trade to Aviation. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1942.

Anson, Bert. The Fur Traders in Northern Indiana 1796-1850. [Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms, 1953.

Arima, Eugene Y. Blackfeet and Palefaces the Pikani and Rocky Mountain House : A Commemorative History from the Upper Saskatchewan and Missouri Fur Trade. Ottawa, Ont.: Golden Dog Press, 1995.

Armour, David A. Mackinac History Leaflet 8 (1966)Made in Macinac: Crafts at Fort Michilimackinac. Mackinac Island, Michigan: Mackinac Island State Park Commission.

Armstrong, James B. "Burntwood Carrying Place." The Beaver, Winter 1973, 54-59.

Arndt, Katherine L. Dynamics of the Fur Trade on the Middle Yukon River, Alaska, 1839 to 1868. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 1996.

Arthur, Elizabeth. "An Outpost of Empire: The Martin Fall Post of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1821-78." Ontario History LXXVIII (1986): 5-23.

Atkin, W. T. "Snake River Fur Trade, 1816-1824." Oregon Historical Quartery XXXV (1934): 295-312.

Avis, Walter S., ed. A Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles. Toronto: W.J. Gage, 1967.

Baergen, William Peter. The Fur Trade at Lesser Slave Lake, 1815-1831. M.A. Thesis, University of Alberta, 1967.

Bakker, Peter. A Language of Our Own: The Genesis of Michif, the Mixed Cree-French Language of the Canadian Metis. New York and Oxfore: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Baldwin, Doug. The Fur Trade in the Moose-Missinaibi River Valley, 1770-1917. [Toronto?]: Ontario Ministry of Culture and Recreation, Historical Planning & Research Branch, 1976.

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Ball, Tim and David Dyck. "Observations of the Transit of Venus at Prince of Wales's Fort in 1769." The Beaver, Autumn 1984, 51-58.

Ball, Tim. "Company Town: Stromness in the Orkneys." The Beaver 68, no. 3 (1988): 43-52.

Ball, Tim. "Timber: Adventurers at the Bay Struggle to Stay Warm." The Beaver 67, no. 2 (1987): 45-56.

Ball, Timothy. “Climatic Change, Droughts and the Social Impact: Central Canada, 1811-20, a Classic Example.” in C.R. Harington, ed., The Year Without Summer: World Climate in 1816. Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Nature, 1992, 185-195. Ball, Timothy. “The Year without Summer: Its Impact on the Fur Trade and History of Western Canada,” in C.R. Harington, ed., The Year Without Summer: World Climate in 1816. Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Nature, 1992, 196-202.

Barbeau, Marius, and Clifford Wilson. "Tobacco and The Fur Trade." The Beaver, no. 724 (March 1944): 36-39.

Barbeau, Marius. Pathfinders in the North Pacific. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers, 1958.

Barbeau, Marius. Totem Poles a by-Product of the Fur Trade. [New York?: S.n., 1942.

Barbour, Barton H. Fort Union and the Upper Missouri Fur Trade. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001.

Barka, Norman F., and Anne Barka. Archaeology and the Fur Trade the Excavation of Sturgeon Fort, Saskatchewan. History and Archaeology. [Ottawa]: National Historic Parks and Sites Branch, 1976.

Barr, William. "The Forgotten Explorer: Christopher Middleton." The Beaver 70, no. 4 (1990): 34-42.

Barratt, Glynn R. "Alexander Mackenzie and the Empress." The Beaver 315, no. 1 (Summer 1985): 42-46.

Barron, F. L. "Victimizing His Lordship: Lord Selkirk And The Upper Canadian Courts." Manitoba History 7 (1984): 14-22.

Barry, J. Neilson. "Fort Reed and Fort Boise." Oregon Historical Quarterly XXXIV (1933): 60-67.

Barry, J. Nelson. "Peter Corney's Voyages, 1814-1817." Oregon Historical Quarterly XXXIII (1932): 355-68.

Bayley, Denis. A Londoner in Rupert's Land: Thomas Bunn of the Hudson's Bay Company. Winnipeg: Peguis Publishers, 1969.

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Begg, Alexander. "Dot it Down", a Story of Life in the North-West. Toronto: Hunter, Rose and Co., 1871.

Begg, Alexander. History of the North-West. 3 Vols. Toronto: Hunter, Rose & Co., 1894.

Belden, Albert Lord. The Fur Trade of America and Some of the Men Who Made and Maintain It Together with Furs and Fur Bearers of Other Continents and Countries and Islands of the Sea. New York: Peltries, 1917.

Bell, Charles N. Henry's Journal, Covering Adventures and Experiences in the Fur Trade on the Red River 1799-1801 a Paper Read Before the Society, May 4, 1888. Winnipeg: Historical and Scientific Society of Manitoba., 1888.

Bell, Charles N. Reconstructing Fort Gibraltar. Winnipeg: Winnipeg Free Press, 1932.

Bell, Charles Napier. "The Earliest Fur Traders on the Upper Red River and Red Lake, Minn. (1783-1810)." Transactions of the Historical and Scientific Society of Manitoba, 1926.

Bellisle, J. A., and Canada. Co-Operation in the Regulation of the Fur Trade. Ottawa: [S.n.], 1997.

Belyea, Barbara. "The Columbian Enterprise and A. S. Morton: A Historical Exemplum." BC Studies 86 (Summer 1990): 3-27.

Benoit, Jehane. "Wintering Dishes: A Glorious Spread Recalls the Famed Beaver Club Dinners."

Berkh, Vasilii Nikolaevich, and Richard A. Pierce. A Chronological History of the Discovery of the Aleutian Islands or, The Exploits of Russian Merchants : With a Supplement of Historical Data on the Fur Trade. Edited by Richard A. Pierce. Translated by Richard A. Pierce. Materials for the Study of Alaska History. Kingston, Ont.: Limestone Press, 1974.

Berry, Don. A Majority of Scoundrels an Informal History of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company. New York: Harper, 1961.

Berry, Virginia G. A Boundless Horizon: Visual Records of Exploration and Settlement in the Manitoba Region 1624 - 1874. Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery, 1983.

Bibeau, Donald F. "Fur Trade Literature from a Tribal Point of View: A Critique." In Rendezvous: Selected Papers of the Fourth North American Fur Trade Conference, 83-92. St-Paul: North American Fur Trade Conference, 1984.

Bigart, Robert J. Getting Good Crops: Economic and Diplomatic Survival Strategies of the Montana Bitterroot Salish Indians, 1870-1891. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2010.

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Biggar, Henry Percival. The Early Trading Companies of New France a Contribution to the History of Commerce and Discovery in North America. St. Clair Shores, Mich.: Scholarly Press, 1972.

Binnema, Ted and William A. Dobak. “Like the Greedy Wolf”: Fur Trade and War Fever, 1807-1831.” Journal of the Early Republic 29 (Fall 2009): 411-40. Binnema, Theodore (Ted). “Allegiances and Interests: Niitsitapi (Blackfoot) Trade, Diplomacy, and Warfare, 1806-1831.” Western Historical Quarterly 37 (2006): 327-49.

Binnema, Theodore. "The Gros Ventres in the Canadian Fur Trade: A Response to Thomas F. Schilz." American Indian Quarterly 18, no. 4 (1994): 533-40.

Binnema, Theodore. “Old Swan, Big Man, and the Siksika Bands, 1794-1815.” The Canadian Historical Review 77 (1) (March 1996): 1-32. Binnema, Theodore. Common and Contested Ground: A Human and Environmental History of the Northwestern Plains. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001.

Binns, Archie. Peter Skene Ogden: Fur Trader. Portland, OR:: Binfords and Mort, 1967.

Birk, Douglas A. "When Rivers Were Roads: Deciphering the Role of the Canoe Portages in the Western Lake Superior Fur Trade." In The Fur Trade Revisited: Selected Papers of The Sixth North American Fur Trade Conference, Mackinac Island, Michigan, 1991, edited by Jennifer S.H. Brown, W.J. Eccles, and Donald P. Heldman, 359-76. East Lansing/Mackinac Island: Michigan State University Press, 1994.

Birk, Douglas A. "John Sayer and the Fond Du Lac Trade: The North West Company in Minnesota and Wisconsin." In Rendezvous: Selected Papers of the Fourth North American Fur Trade Conference, 1981, 51-61. St. Paul: North American Fur Trade Conference, 1984.

Bishop, Charles A. The Northern Ojibwa and the Fur Trade an Historical and Ecological Study. Cultures and Communities, a Series of Monographs. Toronto: Holt, Rinehart and Winston of Canada, 1974.

Black, Arthur. Old Fort William: Not the Definitive, Authorized, Shrinkproof, Cling-Free Story. Thunder Bay (Ont.): Old Fort William volunteer Association, 1985.

Black-Rogers, Mary. "'Starving' and Survival in the Subarctic Fur Trade: A Case for Contextual Semantics." In Le Castor Fait Tout: Selected Papers of the Fifth North American Fur Trade Conference, 1985, 618-49. Montreal: Societe Historique du Lac Saint-Louis, 1985.

Blanar, Michael. "Long's Voyages and Travels: Fact and Fiction." In The Fur Trade Revisited: Selected Papers of The Sixth North American Fur Trade Conference, Mackinac Island, Michigan, 1991, edited by Jennifer S.H. Brown, W.J. Eccles, and Donald P. Heldman, 447-63. East Lansing/Mackinac Island: Michigan State University Press, 1994.

Blanchet, Guy H. "Emporium of the North." The Beaver 276 (1946): 32-35.

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Bolus, Malvina. People and Pelts Selected Papers of the Second North American Fur Trade Conference. Winnipeg: Peguis, 1972.

Bond, C. C. J. "HBC in the Ottawa Valley." The Beaver, Spring 1966, 4-21.

Boon, T.C.B., Rev. The Anglican Church from the Bay to the Rockies: A History of the Ecclesiastical Province of Rupert's Land and its Diocese from 1820 to 1950. Toronto: Ryerson, 1962.

Bouchard, Russel. Le Saguenay Des Fourrures, 1534-1859 Histoire d'un Monopole. Chicoutimi-Nord, Québec: R. Bouchard, 1989.

Bouchard, Russel. Les Armes de Traite. Collection Histoire Populaire Du Québec. Sillery, Québec: Editions du Boréal Express, 1976.

Bowering, Ian. "Return to Glengarry." Canadian Collector 19, no. 1 (1984): 19-21.

Boyd, Robert. "The Pacific Northwest Measles Epidemic of 1847-1848." Oregon Historical Quarterly 95 (1994): 6-47.

Branch, E. Douglas. The Hunting of the Buffalo. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1929.

Brannon, Gary. The Last Voyage of the Tonquin an Ill-Fated Expedition to the Pacific Northwest. Waterloo, Ont.: Escart Press, 1992.

Brasser, T. J. "Metis Artisans." The Beaver, Autumn 1975.

Bredin, Thomas F. "The Red River Academy". The Beaver, 303, 3 (Winter 1974): 10-17.

Bredin, Thomas F. "The Reverend David Jones: Missionary at Red River 1823-38". The Beaver, 312, 2 (Autumn 1981): 47-52.

Brown, Alice E. "Fort Douglas Recaptured - January 10, 1817." Manitoba Pageant 18 (January 1962): 3-5.

Brown, Alice E. “Chronology of Events in the History of the Red River Settlement 1815 to 1836,” Manitoba Pageant 8 (1) (September 1962).

Brown, Jennie Broughton. Fort Hall on the Oregon Trail a Historical Study. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton, 1932.

Brown, Jennifer S. H. "A Colony of Very Useful Hands." The Beaver, Spring 1977, 35-45.

Brown, Jennifer S. H. "A Demographic Transition in the Fur Trade Country: Family Sizes and Fertility of Company Officers and Country Wives 1750-1850." Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology VI, no. 1 (1976): 61-71.

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Brown, Jennifer S. H. "A Parcel of Upstart Scotchmen." The Beaver 68, no. 1 (1988): 4-11.

Brown, Jennifer S. H. "Changing Views of Fur Trade Marriage and Domesticity: James Hargrave, His Colleagues and `The Sex'." Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology VI, no. 3 (1976): 92-105.

Brown, Jennifer S. H. "Children of the Early Fur Trades." In Childhood and Family in Canadian History, Edited by Joy Parr. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1982.

Brown, Jennifer S. H. "Linguistic Solitudes And Changing Social Categories." In Old Trails and New Directions: Papers of the Third North American Fur Trade Conference, edited by Carol M. Judd and Arthur J. Ray, 147-59. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980.

Brown, Jennifer S. H. "Man in His Natural State: The Indian Worlds of George Nelson." In Rendez-Vous: Selected Papers of the Fourth North American Fur Trade Conference, 199-206. St. Paul: North American Fur Trade Conference, 1984.

Brown, Jennifer S. H. "People of Myth, People of History: A Look at Recent Writing on the Metis." Acadiensis 17, no. 1 (1987): 150-62.

Brown, Jennifer S. H. "Ultimate Respectability: Fur -Trade Children in the 'Civilized World,' Part II." The Beaver, Spring 1978, 48-55.

Brown, Jennifer S. H. "Ultimate Respectability: Fur-Trade Children in the 'Civilized World,' Part I." The Beaver, Winter 1977, 4-10.

Brown, Jennifer S. H. Company Men and Native Families Fur Trade Social and Domestic Relations in Canada s Old Northwest. Ph.D Dissertation, University of Chicago, 1976.

Brown, Jennifer S. H. Strangers in Blood Fur Trade Company Families in Indian Country. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1980.

Brown, Jennifer S. H., W. J. Eccles, and Donald P. Heldman (eds.). The Fur Trade Revisited Selected Papers of the Sixth North American Fur Trade Conference, Mackinac Island, Michigan, 1991. East Lansing [Mackinac Island, Mich.]: Michigan State University Press Mackinac Island State Park Commission, 1994.

Brown, Louis Goehring., Lee Emmett Yeager, and Illinois. Survey of the Illinois Fur Resource. Urbana, Ill.: Printed by authority of the State of Illinois, 1943.

Brumbach, Hetty Jo, Robert Jarvenpa, and Clifford Buell. "An Ethnoarchaeological Approach to Chipewyan Adaptations in the Late Fur Trade Period." Arctic Anthropology 19, no. 1 (1982): 1-49.

Brumbach, Hetty Jo. "The Recent Fur Trade in Northwestern Saskatchewan." Historical Archaeology 19, no. 2 (1985): 19-39.

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Bryce, George. Seven Oaks: An Account of the Affair of Seven Oaks: The Circumstances Which Led up to It: A Description of the Contestants: The Events fo the Conflict, Including the Death of Governor Semple and His Followers: And a Report of Proceedings of the Gathering for the Unveiling of the Seven Oaks Monument, June 19th 1891. Winnipeg: Manitoba free Press, 1891.

Bryce, George. The Celt in the North-West. Montreal: W. Drysdale, 1981.

Bryce, George. The Remarkable History of the Hudson's Bay Company. Including That of the French Traders of North-Western Canada and of the North-West, XY, and Astor Fur Companies. Toronto: W. Briggs, 1900.

Bryce, George. The Remarkable History of the Hudson's Bay Company: Including That of the French Traders of North-Western Canada and of the North-West, XY, and Astor Fur Companies. London: S. Low, Marston, 1900.

Buckley, Thomas C. Rendezvous Selected Papers of the Fourth North American Fur Trade Conference, 1981. St. Paul, Minn.: The Conference, 1984.

Buell, Robert Kingery, and Charlotte Northcote Skladal. Sea Otters and the China Trade. [New York]: D. McKay Co., 1968.

Bumsted, J. M. Fur Trade Wars the Founding of Western Canada. Winnipeg: Great Plains Publications, 1999.

Bumsted, J.M. Lord Selkirk: A Life. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2008.

Burger, Carl. Beaver Skins and Mountain Men the Importance of the Beaver in the Discovery, Exploration, and Settlement of the North American Continent. Written and Illustrated by Carl Burger. New York: Dutton, 1968.

Burley, D., G. Horsfall, and J. Brandon. Structural Considerations of Metis Ethnicity: An Archaeological, Architectural, and Historical Study. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Press, 1992.

Burley, David and Scott Hamilton. "Rocky Mountain Fort: Archaeological Research and the Late Eighteenth-Century North West Company Expansion Into British Columbia." BC Studies 88 (1990/91): 3-20.

Burley, David V. "Function, Meaning and Context: Ambiguities in Ceramic Use by the Hivernant Metis of the Northwestern Plains." Historical Archaeology 23, no. 1 (1989): 97-106.

Burley, David, Knut R. Fladmark, and J. Scott Hamilton. Prophecy of the Swan the Upper Peace River Fur Trade of 1794-1823. Vancouver, B.C.: UBC Press, 1996.

Burlingame, Merrill G. "The Buffalo in Trade and Commerce." North Dakota Historical Quarterly 3, no. 4 (1929): 262-92.

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Burns, Robert Joseph. "Inverarden: Retirement Home of Fur Trader John Mcdonald of Garth." In History and Archeology, No 25. Ottawa: Parcs Canada, 1979.

Burns, Robert Joseph. "John McDonald of Garth." Glengarry Life (1981), 12-19.

Burns, Robert Joseph. Inverarden: Retirement Home of Fur Trader John Mcdonald of Garth. Ottawa: Parcs Canada, Manuscript report series; no 245, 1978.

Burns, Robert Joseph. The Post Fur Trade Career of a North West Company Partner: A Biography of John Mcdonald of Garth. Ottawa: Parks Canada, Bulletin de recherches; no 60, 1977.

Burpee, Laurence J., ed. "York Factory to the Blackfeet Country: The Journal of Anthony Hendry, 1754-55." The Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. Third Series I, no. Section II (1907 August): 307=360.

Burpee, Lawrence J. "The North West Company." The Canadian Historical Association - Annual Report (1923), 25-38.

Burpee, Lawrence J. "The North West Company." The Canadian Historical Association - Annual Report (1926), 110-14.

Burpee, Lawrence J. Highways of the Fur Trade. Ottawa: Printed for the Royal Society of Canada, 1996.

Butler, Leonard and Clarence Tillenius. "Fur Bearers of Canada." The Beaver, June 1951, 3-7.

Calloway, Colin C. Crown and Calumet: British-Indian Relations, 1783-1815. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971.

Campbell, George. The Final Adventure: Old Fort William. Thunder Bay: Guide Print and Publisher, 1980.

Campbell, John V. "The Sinclair Party - An Emigration Overland Along the Old Hudson's Bay Company Route from Manitoba to the Spokane Country - 1854." The Washington Historical Quarterly (1916), 187-201.

Campbell, Marjorie Elliott (Wilkins). The Fur Trade. Canadian Series of Jackdaws. [Toronto]: Clarke, Irwin, 1968.

Campbell, Marjorie Elliott Wilkins. The Nor'westers the Fight for the Fur Trade. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1974.

Campbell, Marjorie W. "Lords of the Lakes: The North West Company, 1784-1821." Canadian Collector 20, no. 3 (May-June 1985): 20-24.

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Campbell, Marjorie W. McGillivray: Lord of the Northwest. Toronto: Clarke, Irwin and Company, 1962.

Campbell, Marjorie W. Northwest to the Sea : A Biography of William McGillivray. Toronto: Clarke, Irwin, 1975.

Campbell, Marjorie W. Push to the Pacific. Toronto: Clarke, Irwin and Company, 1969.

Campbell, Marjorie Wilkins. The North West Company M.E.(W.) Campbell. Toronto: Macmillan, 1957.

Campey, Lucille H. The Silver Chief: Lord Selkirk and the Scottish Pioneers of Belfast, Baldoon, and Red River. Natural Heritage, 2003.

Carlos, A. "North American Fur Trade." Jounral Of Economic History 46 (December 1986): 967-86.

Carlos, Ann M. and Frank D. Lewis. "Indians, the Beaver, and the Bay: The Economics of Depletion in the Lands of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1700-1763." The Journal of Economic History 53 (1993): 480-94.

Carlos, Ann M. and Frank D. Lewis. Commerce by a Frozen Sea: Native Americans and the European Fur Trade. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010.

Carlos, Ann M. and Hoffman, Elizabeth. "The North American Fur Trade: Bargaining To A Joint Profit Maximum Under Incomplete Information, 1804-1821." Journal of Economic History 46, no. 4 (December 1986): 967-86.

Carlos, Ann Martina. The North American Fur Trade, 1804 - 1821: A Study In The Life-Cycle Of A Duopoly. Ph.D Dissertation, The University Of Western Ontario, 1980.

Carlos, Ann. "The Birth And Death Of Predatory Competition In The North American Fur Trade: 1810-1821." Explorations in Economic History 19, no. 2 (April 1982): 156-83.

Carlos, Ann. "The Causes and Origins of the North American Fur Trade Rivalry: 1804-1810." Journal of Economic History 41, no. 4 (December 1981): 777-94.

Carter, George E. "Lord Selkirk And The Red River Colony." Montana 18, no. 1 (1968): 60-69.

Caywood, Louis R. "Spokane House." The Beaver 287 (Winter 1956): 44-47.

Caywood, Louis R. Exploratory Excavations at Fort Spokane, 1950. Vancouver, Wash.: Fort Vancouver National Monument, 1951.

Chalmers, John W. "Education and the Honourable Company". Alberta Historical Review, 13, 3 (Summer 1965): 25-8.

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Chalmers, John W. "Social Stratification of the Fur Trade". Alberta Historical Review, 17, 1 (Winter 1969): 10-20.

Chalmers, John West. Fur Trade Governor, George Simpson, 1820-1860. Edmonton: Institute of Applied Art, 1960.

Chamberlain, Alexander F. "Iroquois in Northwestern Canada." American Anthropologist 6 (1904): 459-63.

Chartrand, Rene. "Canadian Voyageurs During The War Of 1812." Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research 72 (1994): 184-86.

Chism, James. Excavation at Lower Fort Garry, 1965-67. Occasional papers in Archeology and History #5. Ottawa: National Historic Sites Service, Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, 1972.

Chism, James. Interim report relative to reconstruction of the Blacksmith Shop at Lower Fort Garry. Manuscript report series #11. Ottawa: National Historic Sites Service, Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, 1968.

Chittenden, Hiram Martin, and Stallo Vinton. The American Fur Trade of the Far West a History of Pioneer Trading Posts and Early Fur Companies of the Missouri Valley and Rocky Mountains and of the Overland Commerce with Santa Fé. New York: Press of the Pioneer, 1935.

Chittenden, Hiram Martin. The American Fur Trade of the Far West a History of the Pioneer Trading Posts and Early Fur Companies of the Missouri Valley and the Rocky Mountains, and of Overland Commerce with Santa Fe. New York: Harper, 1902.

Chronister, Allen. "Chiefs Coats Supplied by the American Fur Company." Museum of the Fur Trade Quarterly 32, no. 2 (Summer 1996): 1-7.

Chute, Janet E. "Ojibwa Leadership During the Fur Trade Era at Sault Ste. Marie." In New Faces of the Fur Trade: Selected Papers of the Seventh North American Fur Trade Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1995, edited by Jo-Anne Fiske, Susan Sleeper-Smith, and William Wicken, 153-72. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1998.

Clark, D. H. "Sawmill on the Columbia." The Beaver, June 1950, 42-44.

Clark, Don. "Pilot for the 'Beaver'." The Beaver (1953), 46-47.

Clark, R. C. "The Chief Factors of the Columbia Department (1821-1846)." Pacific Northwest Quarterly 28 (1937): 405-07.

Clark, Robert Carlton. "Hawaiians in Early Oregon." Oregon Historical Quarterly XXXV (1934): 22-31.

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Clay, Charles. Fur Trade Apprentice. Illustrated by Nils Hogner. London: Oxford University Press, 1940.

Clayton, J. L. "The Growth and Economic Significance of the American Fur Trade, 1790-1890." In Aspects of the Fur Trade: Selected Papers of the 1965 North American Fur Trade Conference, edited by R.W. Fridley and and J.D. Holmquist, 62-72. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 1967.

Cleland, Charles E. "Comparison of the Faunal Remains from French and British Refuse Pits at Fort Michilimackinac: A Study in Changing Subsistence Patterns." Canadian Historical Society 3 (1970): 8-23.

Cleland, Robert Glass. This Reckless Breed of Men the Trappers and Fur Traders of the Southwest. New York: Knopf, 1963.

Cline, Gloria Griffen. Exploring the Great Basin. Vintage West Series. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1988.

Clokey, Richard M. William H. Ashley Enterprise and Politics in the Trans-Mississippi West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980.

Coates, Kenneth. "Furs Along the Yukon: Hudson's Bay Company - Native Trade in the Yukon River Basin, 1830-1893." BC Studies 55 (1982): 50-78.

Cole, Bradford R. "Failure on the Columbia: Nathaniel Wyeth's Columbia River Fishing and Trading Company." In The Fur Trade Revisited: Selected Papers of The Sixth North American Fur Trade Conference, Mackinac Island, Michigan, 1991, edited by Jennifer S.H. Brown, W.J. Eccles, and Donald P. Heldman, 269-83. East Lansing/Mackinac Island: Michigan State University Press, 1994.

Cole, Douglas and Maria Tippett. "Pleasing Diversity and Sublime Desolation: The 18th Century British Perception of the North-West Coast." Pacific Northwest Quarterly 65 (1974): 1-7.

Cole, Jean Murray. Exile in the Wilderness: The Biography of Chief Factor Archibald McDonald, 1790-1853. Don Mills: Burns and MacEachern Limited, 1979.

Comfort, Charles. "Ballantyne and Barnston at Tadoussac, 1846." The Beaver, December 1941, 1-4.

Cook, Peter. "Symbolic and Material Exchange in Intercultural Diplomacy: The French and the Hodenosaunee in the Early Eighteenth Century." In New Faces of the Fur Trade: Selected Papers of the Seventh North American Fur Trade Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1995, edited by Jo-Anne Fiske, Susan Sleeper-Smith, and William Wicken, 75-100. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1998.

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Cooke, Alan. Naskapi Independence and the Caribou. Montreal: Centre for Northern Studies and Research, McGill University, 1981.

Corbyn, Ronald C. "The North West Company Fort at Tongue Point, Oregon." Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23, no. 2 (Autumn 1989): 195-216.

Corney, Peter. Early Voyages in the North Pacific, 1813-1818. 1821. Fairfield, WA:: Ye Galleon Press, 1965.

Cowie, Issac. The Company of Adventurers: A Narrative of Seven Years in the Service of the Hudson's Bay Company during 1867-1874. Toronto: William Briggs, 1913.

Cox, Bruce Alden. "Whiteman Servants of Greed: Foreigners, Indians, and Canada's Northwest Game Act of 1917." In New Faces of the Fur Trade: Selected Papers of the Seventh North American Fur Trade Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1995, edited by Jo-Anne Fiske, Susan Sleeper-Smith, and William Wicken, 121-35. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1998.

Coyner, David H., and David J. Weber. The Lost Trappers. Edited by David J. Weber. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995.

Craig, Glenn William. "An Ordinary Man." North West Courant 3, no. 1 (Summer 1990): 4-10.

Creech, E. P. "Brigade Trails of B.C." The Beaver, March 1953, 10-15.

Crooks, Drew W. "An Eventful Life: Pierre Charles in the Pacific Northwest." Columbia 4, no. 1 (1990): 29-33.

Culverwell, Albert H. "The Fascinating Pleasures Of The Far-Famed Spokane House." 14 1 (1970): 2-7. Idaho Yesterdays.

Czuboka, Michael Peter. "St. Peter's: A Historical Study with Anthropological Observations on the Christian Aborigines of Red River (1811-1876)". M.A. thesis, University of Manitoba, 1960.

D'Arcy, Michael. "A Link with the Canadian Pacific Railway and the Opening Up to the West." British Columbia Genealogist 19, no. 2 (June 1990): 25-29.

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