Second Group

Nutrition For PregnancyBy The Second Group :ZUHROTUL MUFIDAH(011211231002)RIZQOTUL MAGHFIROH(011211231012)AULA NURMASARI(011211231026)MITHA AYU PARAMEDHITA(011211232008)ZUKHAILA SALMA(011211233008)VERDHA AUDYA EUGELELLA(011211233014)FENNY MARTINA DEWI (011211233024)IntroductionPregnancy is a normal physiological things happen. Pregnancy is the period from conception to birth. After the egg is fertilized by a sperm and then implanted in the lining of the uterus, it develops into the placenta and embryo, and later into a fetus.When women getting pregnant, she is at an increased risk for food borne illness because hormonal changes during pregnancy weaken the immune system. Pregnancy is not a good time to diet or try to lose weight. Maternal nutrition is an important influence affecting the course and outcome of pregnancy.

Mothers in their pregnancy have variation of nutrition needed in each trimester. Its based on fetus growth, what nutrition that he need during nine month to ten days.

In the first trimester, the baby goes from being a single cell to a tiny human complete with a pumping heart, complex brain, lungs, hands and feet.They just need some nutrition to help the developning of her baby.

These nutrition covers :

Folic acidplays an important role as your baby's brain and spinal cord develop. Start taking this supplement as soon as you're thinking of making a baby.Vitamin Chelps your body fight off infection and aids with the absorption of iron. It also helps make collagen. Your baby uses collagen to make tendons and ligaments.Ironis used to build hemoglobin, the molecule in blood cells that carries oxygen.

Proteinis made of amino acids. These tiny components for the building blocks for every new cell your baby makes.Vitamin Ahelps your baby form those wee peepers whileB-complex vitaminshelp protect against birth defects and aid in making energy.Vitamin Dboosts your immune systems and helps build strong bones.

In the second trimester, mother need to start eating for two. The baby has already been formed and what it needs now is to grow. So, the nutrients that should fulfilled in this periode are :Carbohydratesfor most pregnant women, carbs should comprise 40 to 50 percent of their daily calories. Protein requirements increase during pregnancy -- get a minimum of 60 grams per day.Essential fatsVitamin AB VitaminsFolic AcidVitamin CMagnesiumIronChromiumCholineZincSelenium

Therefore, in the third trimester, the mother needs adequate energy intake, in order to cope with an increasingly heavy burden, as well as a labor reserve for later.

Here are nutrients that should be fulfilled in the third trimester :Calcium, throughout pregnancy and especially during the third trimester, your baby needs calcium to build healthy bones. Fortunately, during pregnancy you absorb calcium more efficiently from your diet, so your growing babys needs are met.Iron, the fetus accumulated most of its iron during the last trimester of pregnancy, and the iron needs of the fetus are met at the expense of maternal iron stores.

Calorie needs during pregnancy is 70-80 thousand kcal, with a weight gain of 12.5 kg. For the last 20 weeks, required additional calories around 285-300 kcal per day. Calories are also useful for the purpose of giving birth and breastfeeding.Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), this vitamin is needed to help the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, fats and the formation of red blood cells.Iodine needed to form a compound of thyroxine to control each newly formed cell metabolismThiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2) and niacin (vitamin B3) these vitamins help enzymes to regulate energy metabolism and the respiratory system.

Water is a necessity of pregnant women in the third trimester. Water is very essential for the growth of new cells, regulate body temperature, dissolving and regulate metabolic processes nutrients, as well as maintaining blood volume increases during pregnancy.Nutrition Excess in PregnancyExcess nutrients in pregnant women during pregnancy will cause obesity which increases the risk of miscarriage. After delivery, a variety of complications can still occur. Infection after childbirth due to the large blood vessels are clogged in pregnant women often occurs.

Its also effect fetus by maternal overnutrition, will experience a significant weight gain. This is called the Macrosomnia. This condition causes some health problems in the fetus, such as Polycythaemia, the concentration of red blood cells is too high. When born, infants of mothers with excess nutrients pregnant women usually trouble breathing, so need the assistance for its respiratory.Nutrition Deficiency in PregnancyNutritional anemia : problem with high prevalence in pregnant womenIodine deficiency : pregnant women in the first trimester pregnancy is a major factor occurrence of endemic cretinZinc deficiency during pregnancy can result in fetal growth barriers, serotinus pregnancy or prolonged labor

Deficiency of vitamin A during pregnancy will result in increased prevalence of prematurity and fetal retardationDeficiency of vitamin A during pregnancy will result in increased prevalence of prematurity and fetal retardation.thiamin deficiency If severe deficiency can result in congenital disease beriberi.calcium deficiency ,Calcium deficiency in pregnant women will result in abnormalities of bone structure as a whole to the baby.

Energy and protein deficiency

Cause problemMother Malnutrition in pregnant women can lead to the risk and complications Childbirth Effect of malnutrition on the delivery process can result in a long and difficult childbirth, delivery earlier (premature)ConclusionDuring pregnancy mother need enough and right nutrition in each trimester. Because it may support the baby development and growth, thats very important. Excess or deficient in fullfilled nutritions during pregnancy may defect both mother and baby.

ReferenceEbrahim G.J Nutrition in pregnancy and the growth of the fetus,in Nutrition in mother and child health, 1 st.EdOsofsky HJ, OConnell EJ. Nutritional factors in pregnancy affecting fetal groeth and subsequent infant development,in Suskind RM: Textbook of pediatric Nutrition, 1 st. Ed.Snyder, Julie. Nutritional Needs During Your First Trimester. http://www.pregnancy.org/article/nutritional-needs-during-your-first-trimester. Diakses pada Selasa, 9 April 2013 pukul 20:21.

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