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Turf MajorsTurf Majors

PASS MajorsPASS Majors

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How is this accomplished?How is this accomplished?

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How is this accomplished?How is this accomplished?

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OSU Academic PoliciesOSU Academic Policies

Syllabus-GradingSyllabus-Grading

Sub-Saharan AfricaSub-Saharan AfricaSAASAA USAUSA

Population, millionPopulation, million 700700 300300

Cereals, million ha Cereals, million ha 8888 5656

Production, million tonsProduction, million tons 9797 364364

Yield, tons/haYield, tons/ha 1.11.1 6.56.5

Fertilizer N, million tonsFertilizer N, million tons 1.31.3 10.910.9

Avg. N rate, kg/haAvg. N rate, kg/ha 44 5252

% of world N consumed% of world N consumed 1.41.4 1313

% of world population% of world population 1010 44

Nitrogen Use EfficiencyNitrogen Use EfficiencyMalakoff (Science, 1998)Malakoff (Science, 1998)– $750,000,000, excess N flowing down the $750,000,000, excess N flowing down the

Mississippi River Mississippi River

Africa expenditure on fertilizer N, cerealsAfrica expenditure on fertilizer N, cereals– $706,000,000 $706,000,000

Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) World 33%Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) World 33%– Developed, 42%Developed, 42%– Developing, 29%Developing, 29%

10% increase10% increase– Worth $10.9 billion US annuallyWorth $10.9 billion US annually

US Expenditures, Int. AidUS Expenditures, Int. Aid27 Million Golfers in the USA27 Million Golfers in the USA24.3 Billion dollars spent on golf in 24.3 Billion dollars spent on golf in 2004 ($888/person/year)2004 ($888/person/year)82 Million Hunters USA (fishing, etc.)82 Million Hunters USA (fishing, etc.)108 Billion spent on hunting in 2001 108 Billion spent on hunting in 2001 ($1317/person/year)($1317/person/year)Americans and Europeans together Americans and Europeans together spend spend $17 billion a year on pet food$17 billion a year on pet food, , $4 billion more than the estimated $4 billion more than the estimated yearly additional amount needed to yearly additional amount needed to provide everyone in the world with provide everyone in the world with basic health and nutrition.basic health and nutrition.