SEARCHING DARK MATTER SEARCHING DARK MATTER

PARTICLES IN SPACEPARTICLES IN SPACE

Professor A. M.Professor A. M. Galper Galper NRNU MEPhI, LPINRNU MEPhI, LPI

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Study of origin of dark matter

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very light(m ≤ eV)axion

very heavy(m ≥ 100 GeV)

WIMP

Candidates(dark matter)

Model of Super Symmetry

The lightest stable particle (LSP) –neutralino (χ)

Model of Extra Dimensions

The lightest stable particle (LKP) – Kaluza-

Klein particle (B1)

Study of origin of dark matter

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Study of origin of dark matter

B1 + B1 → e+ + e –, γ +γ ,....

......,...,...,...,

,,,,,, 000

++++→

→→+

±

−+−+

ddppe

HHWWZZZttbb

γ

γττχχ

Status of Direct Searches

Detect WIMP interactions with matter is via their elasticscattering off a detector nucleus.

Status of Indirect Searches

Detect WIMP annihilation and decay processes:

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Bkk → γ γ ; l+l-; Z0Z0; Z0γ; W+W-; Η 0γ

χ → l+l-ν; Z0 ν; W± l±

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Bari Florence Frascati

Italy:

TriesteNaples Rome CNR, Florence

St. Petersburg

Russia:

Germany:Siegen

Sweden:

KTH, Stockholm

PAMELA collaborationPAMELA collaboration

Moscow

Moscow

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

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1, 3, 7- TIME OF FLIGHT SYSTEM;2, 4- ANTICOINCIDENCE SYSTEM;5- SILICON STRIP TRACKER (SIX DOUBLE PLATES);6- MAGNET (FIVE SECTIONS); 8- SILICON STRIP IMAGING CALORIMETER;9- SHOWER TAIL CATCHER SCINTILLATOR; 10- NEUTRON DETECTOR;

11- HERMOCONTAINER.

Measurements:

• time of flight (β);• deflection in the

magnetic field;

• energy losses in all detectors;

• number of

neutrons.

Estimations:

• type of particle

(lepton/hadron);

• sign and value of charge (±Z);

• mass of particle

(A);• rigidity and energy

(R and E);• direction of flight;

Physical Scheme Of Magnetic Spectrometer Pamela

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Flight data: 93 GeV

Positron

The sample of eventThe sample of event

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20122012

Flight data: 0.763 GeV/c

antiproton annihilation

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20122012

Secondary production

Moskalenko-Strong

(1998)

O.Adriani et al. //

Nature 2009, V.458, P.607

Study of origin of dark matterStudy of origin of dark matter

positron to electron ratiopositron to electron ratio

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Antiproton to proton ratioAntiproton to proton ratio

Study of origin of dark matterStudy of origin of dark matter

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O. Adriani et al. (PAMELA Collaboration)Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 051101 (2009)

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TOP TEN PHYSICS STORIES OF THE TOP TEN PHYSICS STORIES OF THE

YEARYEAR 20082008

•• SUPERCONDUCTORS• LARGE HADRON COLLIDER• PLANETS• QUARKS• FARTHEST SEEABLE THING• ULTRACOLD MOLECULES• DIAMOND DETECTORS

• COSMIC RAYSAnother mystery pertains to the findings of two detectors held aloft-one by a balloon and one on a satellite-looking for oddities in the number of antiparticles arriving with regular particles among cosmic rays reaching Earth. They see an excess of such particles which some interpret as evidence for “dark matter,” a class of very-weakly-interacting particles not seen before. Scientists associated with the balloon-borne ATIC detector (Nature, 20 Nov) and the satellite PAMELA (http://arxiv.org/abs/0810.4995)

• LIGHT PASSES THROUGH OPAQUE MATTER• MACROSCOPIC FEEDBACK COOLING

INSIDE SCIENCE RESEARCH --- PHYSICS NEWS UPDATE The American Institute of Physics Bulleting of Research News Number 879 #1, December 22, 2008 www.aip.org/pnu by Phil Schewe

SUPERNOVA REMNANT IN CRAB NEBULAESUPERNOVA REMNANT IN CRAB NEBULAE

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GAMMAGAMMA--QUANTA DETECTION PRINCIPLEQUANTA DETECTION PRINCIPLE

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tungstenconverter

coordinatedetector

calorimeter

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GAMMAGAMMA--400 physical scheme400 physical scheme

Angular resolution 0.01 degAngular resolution 0.01 deg

Energy resolution 1 %Energy resolution 1 %

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Total GAMMATotal GAMMA--400 mass 2500 kg400 mass 2500 kg

Power consumption 2000 WPower consumption 2000 W

Telemetry downlink 100 GB/dayTelemetry downlink 100 GB/day

Launch date 2015 Launch date 2015

Lifetime > 7 yearsLifetime > 7 years

The GAMMAThe GAMMA--400 space observatory will be installed on the Navigator 400 space observatory will be installed on the Navigator

service module. service module.

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GAMMA-400 LAUNCHING SCHEMEGAMMA-400 LAUNCHING SCHEME

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Spacecraft Spacecraft element openingelement opening

GAMMAGAMMA--400400

Spacecraft Spacecraft launching into a launching into a reference orbitreference orbit

Spacecraft Spacecraft launching into launching into an intermediate an intermediate

orbitorbit

Spacecraft Spacecraft launching launching into an into an

operational operational orbitorbit

Spacecraft Spacecraft separation from separation from the boosterthe booster

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ORBIT EVOLUTIONORBIT EVOLUTION

Initial orbit: 500 – 300000 km

Orbit after 5 months : 100000 – 200000 km

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GAMMAGAMMA--400400

EarthEarth

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Thank you for attentionThank you for attention

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