search for dark photons at na62 - institut national de...
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Search for dark photons at NA62
Marco Mirra
Universitร degli studi di Napoli Federico II and Sezione INFN Napoli
on behalf of NA62 collaboration
Rencontres de Moriond QCD and High Energy Interactions
21 March 2018, La Thuile, Italia
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Hidden sector motivations
If DM is a thermal relic from hot early universe, can hunt for it in particle-physics: search for
non-gravitational interactions DM-SM
A mediator of a hidden sector might exist, inducing DM-SM field (feeble) interactions; many
possible dynamics: vector (Aโ dark photon), neutrino (HNL), axial (ALP a), scalar..
Various experimental hints for hidden sector at MeV-GeV, e.g., aฮผ 3.5-ฯ discrepancy:
Feeble interaction: ultra-suppressed production rate, very long-lived states.
E.g.: 1-GeV mass HNL, ฯ ~ 10-5-10-2 s, decay length ~ 10-10000 Km at SPS energies,
suppression at production 10-7-10-10
Might be due to a
dark photon Aโ...
โฆor to an ALP a
enhancing light-by-light?
Aโ
a
[Okun, Holdom] [Marciano et al. arXiv:1607.01022]
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NA62 experiment
Kaon physics at CERN:
Fixed target experiments at
CERN SPS
Kaon decay-in-flight
Currently in NA62:
~200 participants
29 institutions from 13 countries
NA62
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NA62 layout
[NA62 Detector Paper, JINST 12 (2017), P05025]
SPS protons:
400 GeV/c
๐๐๐๐ Proton on target(PoT)/sec on spill
3.5 sec spill
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NA62 layout
SPS protons:
400 GeV/c
๐๐๐๐ PoT/sec on spill
3.5 sec spill
Secondary beam:
75 GeV/c, 1% bite
100 ฮผrad
60 ร 30 mm2
๐ฒ+(6%)/๐ +(70%)/p(24%)
750 MHz at GTK3
[NA62 Detector Paper, JINST 12 (2017), P05025]
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NA62 layout
SPS protons:
400 GeV/c
๐๐๐๐ PoT/sec on spill
3.5 sec spill
Secondary beam:
75 GeV/c, 1% bite
100 ฮผrad
60 ร 30 mm2
๐ฒ+(6%)/๐ +(70%)/p(24%)
750 MHz at GTK3
Kaon decay region:
60 m
~5 MHz
๐(10-6) mbar
[NA62 Detector Paper, JINST 12 (2017), P05025]
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NA62 layout
Performances
Excellent time resolution ๐(100 ps) to match beam and daughter particle
information
Kinematics: rejection of main ๐ฒ modes 104 via kinematics reconstruction
PID capability: ๐ vs ๐ rejection of O(107) for 15 < p(๐ +) < 35 GeV
High-efficiency veto: 108 rejection of ๐ ๐ for E(๐ ๐) > 40 GeV
[NA62 Detector Paper, JINST 12 (2017), P05025]
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NA62 timescale for ๐ฒ+ โ ๐ +๐เดค๐
Run in 2014: pilot run
Run in 2015: commissioning run
โข commissioning of L0 trigger
โข run up to nominal intensity,
โข 33 ร 1011 PoT/spill, 3.5 s effective-length spill
Run in 2016: detector commissioning + physics run
โข L1 trigger/detector final commissioning
โข stable run at 40% of the nominal beam intensity
Run in 2017-2018: physics run
โข improve on present state of the art (BNL measurement) collecting ~ 20 SM ๐ฒ+ โ๐ +๐เดฅ๐ events before LS2
๐ฒ+ โ ๐ +๐เดฅ๐ physics program
Current run
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NA62 physics besides ๐ฒ+ โ ๐ +๐เดค๐Such high-intensity, high-performance setup as NA62 might be suited for these NP searches:
โข Lepton flavour violation (LFV) and lepton number violation (LNV) studies
โข ultra-rare/forbidden ๐ ๐ decays
โข chiral perturbation theory studies from kaon decays
โข search for exotic states
Trigger bandwidth for final states other than โ๐ ++ Emissโ (used for the ๐ฒ+ โ ๐ +๐เดฅ๐)
limited. Some LFV/LNV studies can be performed because involve low-bandwidth trigger
โข 3 daughter tracks at SES ~ 10-11: ๐พ+ โ ๐+๐ยฑ๐โ, ๐พ+ โ ๐โ๐+๐+, ๐พ+ โ ๐โ๐+๐+,
๐พ+ โ ๐ยฑ๐โ๐+
others because can be made in parasitic mode with the main trigger:
โข search for heavy neutral leptons in ๐พ+ โ ๐+๐โ, ๐พ+ โ ๐+๐โโข search for ๐0 โ ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐, NA62 sensitive at 10-8 , search for ๐0 โ ๐ดโฒ๐พ
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Dark photon at NA62
Several production modes / signals of Aโ can be studied at NA62
Search for invisible decays (production in fiducial volume, missing mass signals):
From ๐พ+ beam: for ๐พ+ โ ๐+๐ดโฒ, by product of ๐ฒ+ โ ๐ +๐๐ [Marciano et al.
PRD 892014]
From ๐พ+ decay daughters: ๐ฒ+ โ ๐ +๐ ๐, ๐ ๐ โ ๐จโฒ๐ธ
Rate scales with square of coupling
Up with intensity, if no background
limited, improve from above
| Aโ coupling to
ordinary ฮณ|
Aโ mass [GeV]
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Dark photon at NA62
Several production modes / signals of Aโ can be studied at NA62
Search for visible decays to SM particles (production at target/dump)
Production from primary beam secondaries: pN โ ๐๐0, ๐0 โ ๐ดโฒ๐พ, ๐ดโฒ โ ๐+๐โ
Production from primary beam: pN โ ๐๐ดโฒ, ๐ดโฒ โ ๐+๐โ
Rate scales with 4th power of coupling
Up with intensity, if no background
limited, improve from below
| Aโ coupling to
ordinary ฮณ|
Aโ mass [GeV]
Sensitivity region shape depends on:
minimum distance from production
point to decay volume (upper curve)
decay volume acceptance (lower curve)
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TAX
NA62 in dump mode
A rich field to be explored with minimal upgrades to the present setup: run in โbeam-
dumpโ mode with NP searches for MeV-GeV mass hidden-sector candidates like Dark
photons, Heavy neutral leptons (HNL), Axions/ALP, etc.
proton
High-intensity 400-GeV proton beam: boost charm/beauty, other meson production
1018 PoT / nominal year: 1012 PoT/sec on spill, 100 days/year, 60% run efficiency
1015 D(S), 1014 K, 1018 ๐0/ฮท/ฮทโ/ฮฆ/ฯ/ฯ with ratios 6.4/0.68/0.07/0.03/0.94/0.95
Compact beam dump: ~ 11 I Cu-based
beam-defining collimator (TAX)
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NA62: ๐ฒ+ โ ๐ +๐เดฅ๐, LNV/LFV decays,
hidden sector searches in K decays
Current run
NA62 Run3 plan under discussion
โข Present setup for ๐ฒ+ beam + dedicated triggers: LFV/LNV sensitivity studies based:
๐พ+ โ ๐+๐ยฑ๐โ, ๐พ+ โ ๐โ๐+๐+, ๐พ+ โ ๐โ๐+๐+, ๐พ+ โ ๐โ๐+๐+ (+ rad. modes)
๐0 โ ฮผ๐, 3ฮณ, 4ฮณ, ๐๐, ๐๐๐๐
LFV/LNV @ ultimate sensitivity,
hidden sector searches (beam dump)
Run 3
โข 1018 POT in run in โbeam-dumpโ mode, new program of NP searches for MeV-GeV mass
hidden-sector candidates: Dark photons, Heavy neutral leptons, Axions/ALPโs, etc.
LS2 LS2
protonAny kind of feebly-interacting
long-lived particle
(put here your favored model)
Dark scalars
Aโ
HNLmuons
neutrinos
โข If needed, run for refining ๐ฒ+ โ ๐ +๐เดฅ๐
M. Mirra Search for dark photons at NA62
Minimum bias
data: 2 ฮณ on
LKr, simulate
1g loss
Data control
trigger: 2 ฮณ
on LKr,
simulate 1g
loss
MC:
- mAโ = 60 MeV- mAโ = 90 MeV- mAโ = 120 MeV
21/03/2018 14
Mmiss2 (GeV2)
NA62 2016 data: dark photon from ๐ ๐ decay
Decay chain: ๐ฒ+ โ ๐ +๐ ๐, ๐ ๐ โ ๐จโฒ๐ธ, ๐จโฒ โ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐
Signature:
โข 1 photon + missing energy
Selection:
โข ๐+ as in ๐พ+ โ ๐+๐ าง๐โข 15<๐๐+<35 GeV/c
โข 1 ๐พ in LKr
โข Missing momentum in LKr
โข Extra ๐พ veto
Background:
โข Negative tail of ๐๐๐๐ ๐ 2
Normalization:
โข ๐พ+ โ ๐+๐0 from minimum bias
๐ด๐๐๐๐๐ = ๐ท๐ฒ โ ๐ท๐ โ ๐ท๐ธ
๐
NA62
Preliminary
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MAโ
(MeV)
e
Limit found
1-s limit band
2-s limit band
NA62
NA62 2016 data: dark photon from ๐ ๐ decay
e
MAโ (GeV)MAโ (MeV)
NA62
Preliminary
NA62
Preliminary
Limits observed are statistically compatible with fluctuations from the background-only hypothesis
NA62 limits in an interesting
region; #๐ฒ decays ~ 1.5 ร 1010
(4% 2016 statistics) used
Limit if
Nobs = Nbkg
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Search for visible decays of long-lived Aโ
Assume 1018 400-GeV PoT:
โข Aโ produced (meson decays, bremsstrahlung) from interaction into target
โข search for displaced, dilepton decays of dark photons, ๐ดโฒ โ ๐๐, ๐๐โข include trigger/acceptance/selection efficiency
โข assume zero-background, evaluate expected 90%-CL exclusion plot
Sensitivity expected
to be even higher
including direct QCD
production of Aโ and
production in the
dump (only target
considered here)
| Aโ coupling to
ordinary ฮณ|2
Aโ mass [MeV]
3 ร 1017 PoT acquired in 2016/17 with di-muon parasitic trigger, 5 ร 1016 PoT with ee trigger
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Zero background assumption: 2016 data
Statistics corresponds to ~1015 PoT, search for ๐จโฒ โ ๐๐
Track quality + acceptance cuts: forward detectors, CHOD, LKr, MUV3 associated to CHOD,
LKr hits in time
Vertex quality: two-track distance < 1 cm
Vertex position: 105 < Z < 165 m
Test if total momentum ๐ท๐๐๐ = ๐ท๐ + ๐ท๐stems from target
All two tracks vertices
Impact parameter of ๐ท๐๐๐ to beam
line [cm]
Z of closest approach of ๐ท๐๐๐ to beam line [m]
Signal
region
Background from ๐ฒ, ๐ decays
concentrated around beam after final
collimator
๐ท๐๐๐๐ท๐
๐ท๐
NA62
Preliminary
0 40 80 120 160 200 240
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Statistics corresponds to ~1015 PoT, search for ๐จโฒ โ ๐๐
Track quality + acceptance cuts: forward detectors, CHOD, LKr, MUV3 associated to CHOD,
LKr hits in time
Vertex quality: two-track distance < 1 cm
Vertex position: 105 < Z < 165 m
Test if total momentum stems from target
Further event-level veto conditions:
Additional energy in the LKr < 2 GeV
Veto on forward / large angle calorimeters
Veto on charged anti counter
No events selected in the signal region
(even with standard ๐ฒ+ beam)
All vetoes + 10 < ฯ (vertex) < 50 cm
Impact parameter of ๐ท๐๐๐ to beam
line [cm]
Z of closest approach of Ptot to beam line [m]
Signal
region
NA62
Preliminary
0 40 80 120 160 200 240
Zero background assumption: 2016 data
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Heavy neutrino invisible decay: 2015 dataNew result released in 2018 from minimum bias data equivalent to 3ร108 ๐ฒ+ decays
analyzed in๐ฒ+ โ ๐+๐ search and to 1ร108 ๐ฒ+ decays analyzed in the ๐ฒ+ โ ๐+๐ search
[NA62 coll. PL B778 137 (2018)]
HNL mass [MeV]
Squared missing
mass: ๐ท๐ฒ โ ๐ท๐๐
[GeV2]
UL
on
๐ผ๐๐
๐a
t
90
% C
L
No heavy neutrino signal observed;
improvement on ๐ผ๐๐๐ and ๐ผ๐๐
๐
Major improvements with NA62
2016-2018 higher intensity data sets
and fully operational beam tracker
Squared missing mass:
๐ท๐ฒ โ ๐ท๐๐
[GeV2]
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Conclusions
NA62 is officially approved to run until LS2 with the main goal of
collecting ~ 20 SM ๐ฒ+ โ ๐ +๐เดฅ๐ events before LS2.
Before LS2 (2018) many searches in the hidden sector will be performed
using the kaon beam (new limits on dark photon already investigated).
After LS2 (2020++) there is a window of opportunity to run NA62 in beam-
dump mode to search for hidden particles from charm and beauty decays
and pave the way for the next generation experiments.
The current NA62 run can be exploited to evaluate background rejection
capability up to ~1017-1018 POT. Preliminary studies with data taken in
beam and beam-dump modes show that the background can be kept under
control, further improvements in the setup are currently under study.
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Backup slides
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Search for visible decays of HNL
Assume 1018 400-GeV PoT:
โข search for displaced, leptonic decays HNL โ ฯe, ฯฮผ, HNL production at the TAX
โข include trigger/acceptance/selection efficiency
โข separately address 3 extreme coupling scenarios [Shaposhnikov, Gorbunov
arXiv:0705.1729v2]
โข assume zero-background, evaluate expected 90%-CL exclusion plot
1018 PoT acquired in 2016/17 with ฮผฯ parasitic trigger, few 1016 PoT with eฯ trigger
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Search for visible decays of ALP
Assume 1018 400-GeV PoT:
โข study ALP Primakoff production [JHEP 1602 (2016) 018] at target
โข search for ALP-decay to ฮณฮณ in NA62 fiducial volume, account for geometrical acceptance
โข assume zero-background, evaluate expected 90%-CL exclusion plot
ALP mass [GeV]
ALP-ฮณ coupling
[GeV-1]
Improvements expected already with 1 day of run (1.3 ร 1016 POT)
Analysis of 2017 data for ~5 ร 1015 PoT taken in dump mode in progress