search closing conference amman 16 april 2014 “social, ecological and agricultural resilience in...
TRANSCRIPT
SEARCH Closing ConferenceAmman
16 April 2014
“Social, Ecological and Agricultural Resilience in the Face of Climate Change ”
(SEARCH) Project
SEARCH project is funded by the EU
SEARCH project: to increase the resilience of the (SES) local communities and the ecosystem by developing a resilience framework for local action planning; and testing through demonstration projects
“The ability of a social or ecological system to absorb disturbances while retaining the same basic structure and ways of functioning, the capacity for self-organisation, and the capacity to adapt to stress and change” (IPCC, 2008)
…the capacity to cope with change and re-build when necessary
What is resilience?
SEARCH working in five countries
EGYPT
Palestine
Jordan
LebanonMorocco
SEARCH in Egypt
Beni-Suef and Minya Governorates
Ehnasia
Samallout
Districts
The impact of Climate Change on strategic crops productivity in
Egypt
%increase in water
requirements
%change in
productivity with
+4°C
% change in productivity with
+3.5°C
%change in
productivity with
+2°C
Crop
+2.5% -18% -9% Wheat
+10% +31% +17% Cotton
+8%. -19% Maize
-51% -14% Tomato
+8%. -19% Sorghum
Source: Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture
Problem Definition
Pressure on natural resources especially water has grown sharply as a result of the impact of the climate change
Other Emerging factors such as increase in population, per-capita demand and competing demands of other sectors
Water have been traditionally managed in a highly centralized manner, which failed to integrate the ecosystem management and satisfy the end users needs
Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia will decrease the water flow to Egypt
Participatory Planning Cycle (PPC) - The PPC is a framework that works at different levels
Stakeholders dialogue for concerted actions
Demonstrating and testing through pilot projects
Documentation of case studies, learning process
Approach
Resilience assessment
Awareness raising
Gather information
Quality control
Analysis Assessing
Strategising
Planning
Implementing
Monitoring
Visioning
Visioning
Awareness raising
Identifyproblems
Develop future vision
Develop initial scenarios
Social analysis
Stakeholder analysis, climate change
Vulnerability assessment
Stakeholders Analysis
Local stakeholders identified at the watershed/district level
Power relations, interests, and influence on the watershed and ecosystem services
Stakeholders categorized according to roles in the watershed management (primary and
secondary)
Main problems •High temperature (heat waves) affect the productivity of many basic crops•Dust storms affect some crops
•Drought leads to increased demand for irrigation water•Water shortages in tail ends of canals•Small capacity of canals branches in some areas•Low efficiency of agricultural drainage systems in some areas•Agricultural and solid wastes disposal in waterways hindering water flows
•The use of unaccredited seeds•High prices of seeds, fertilizers •Newly emerging diseases affecting human beings and livestock and poultry.
Vulnerability Mapping
Poverty Layer
Vulnerability to Food Security (Source: CEDARE and WFP)
Human Development Index
GDP Layer
Samallout
Roads
Faults
Beni-SuefR
oads
Fau
lts
Minia
The matrix of the adaptive capacity
Risk Impacts Coping measure EffectivenessSuggested adaptation
measure
High temperature
Weak productivity
• Planting types tolerant to high temperature.
• Covering small plants with hay.
• Irrigation at early morning and/or the evening
Not enough
cultivation time shift Usage of new types
tolerant to high temperature
Greenhouses
Increased pests that affect crops
Use of pesticides
Not enough
Applying Integrated combating systems for pests control
Increase of water consumption
Irrigation timing in early mornings or in the evenings
Aggregated cropping patterns
Irrigation Improvement
The matrix of the adaptive capacity .
Risk Impacts Coping measure EffectivenessSuggested adaptation
measure
Drought
Salinity of land crops tolerant to
salinityNot enough
New types tolerant to salinity
Conflicts between farmers
Coordination Not enough Establishing Water
Users Associations (WUAs)
Low productivity
of some crops
fertilizers application to crops
Not enough Cultivating low water consumption
crops
Livestock decreased
reproductionReproduction care Not enough
Integrated vet services
Vulnerability Assessment at the community level
Affected area/ sector
Event
Vulnerability Assessment
Exposure
Degree of Sensitivity of the System
Degree of the adaptive capacity
Vulnerability
the end of Canals and Meskas
Drought Exposure to lack of water is high in summer
High Average: Lack of capacity and awareness hinder and limit benefits
High
Reclaimed areas
Wind and frost
High High because it is a desert area
Low because of the high costs incurred in the adaptation measures
High
Resilience Assessment
Stress factor
Climatic factors Anthropogenic factors Other
Frost waves Increased Temp.
Wind DroughtLivestock
raising
Agricult-ure
expansion
Desertifaction and Urban dev.
ExposureM H M H M H H
Sensitivity M H M H M H H
Impact M H M H M H H
Adaptive capacity
M M H M M L L
Vulnerability
M M L M M H H
Resilience M M M L M L L
Diversity’ strategy:
•Re-use of drainage and treated waste water, an example of ‘diversity in resources’. •Use of agricultural modern methods that save water and increase productivity. •Introduce new varieties of crops tolerant to severe climate events, such as heat (heat waves), frost and wind•Mobilize community resources to face climate change. •Improve health care and veterinary care to face climate change
Resilience Strategy Highlights
‘Self Organization and Governance’ strategy:
•Coordination between sectors to achieve policy coherence •Empowerment of communities especially women•Capacity Development of governmental Institutions•Participation in planning / sustainable dialogue between stakeholders and communities •Integrated water resources management (IWRM)•CSOs and Water Users Associations roles in environmental issues.
Sustainable Infrastructure and Technology’ strategy:
•Low cost technology applications for water saving, renewable energy, sustainable agriculture and food security. •Low cost technology for sewage treatment•Soil improvement and protection from desertification •Green infrastructure in government plans•Private sector investments in sustainable infrastructure and technology
‘Learning’ strategy:
•Awareness raising at all levels to face climate change. •Access to data, and information dissemination among stakeholders and communities •Empowerment of civil society •Learning by doing with government institutions (e.g. agricultural extension departments)•Education: upgrade environmental education at schools
Adaptation Plan Highlights
•Increase awareness on CC impacts and adaptation measures
•Improving water management at the farm level and mesqa •Maximizing the use of irrigation improvement project (large national project)•Improving the role of the agriculture extension •Maintenance of the irrigation and drainage networks
•Improving health and environment conditions•Control the rising of subsurface water •Maintenance of sanitation systems •Protection of water quality from pollution sources (solid waste management, sanitation treatment, etc.)
•Promote agro-industries at the village level•Improve marketing•Training center at the village level to support women farmers
Pilot Projects Farmer field schools in El-Masharka and Mayana villages
•Agricultural Extension / Agricultural directorate in Beni Suef
•Transfer messages and knowledge to target farmers
•Awareness on adaptation to climate change / agricultural production
•Evaluation: Knowledge level - pre assessment average was 68% and the post is 94% and have shown a 26% progress in knowledge level
Pilot project 2 Plantation of Tolerant and Economic Trees to maximize the use of water and Improve livelihoods
Drought/heat tolerant / Low water consumption
High nutritious values
High economic value
The world price of green leaves is 4.5 dollars / kilogram
The price of seeds per tree is estimated globally at $ 19
Pilot project 3 – Maintenance of the Non Conventional Sanitation System
Proposal to SFD
Young Women Employment for Health Awareness
Approved
THANK YOU