Sean P. Flanagan, PhD, ATC, CSCS Department of Kinesiology

California State University, Northridge

© 2006 Sean P. Flanagan

Bod

ySt

ruct

ures

Mus

cle

Tend

on

Bur

sae

Ner

ve

Join

tB

one

Vas

cula

r

Org

ans

Bon

e

Exo

stos

is

Apo

phys

itis

Frac

ture

Avu

lsio

n

Stre

ss

Loca

tion

Sev

erity

Sha

pe

Cla

ssifi

catio

nC

ontu

sion

FRACTURE CLASSIFICATIONS

A. By Location

1)

2)

3)

B. Severity

1)

2)

3)

4)

C. Shape

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

Join

t

Liga

men

t

Sub

luxa

tion

Dis

loca

tion

Syn

oviti

s

Ost

eoch

ondr

alD

efec

ts

Ost

eoch

ondr

itis

Dis

seca

ns

Arth

ritis

Car

tilag

eTe

ar

Spr

ain

1stD

egre

e

2ndD

egre

e

3rdD

egre

e

Mus

cle

Stra

in

Con

tusi

on

1stD

egre

e

2ndD

egre

e

3rdD

egre

e

Myo

sitis

Oss

ifica

ns

Tend

on

Tend

initi

s

Teno

syno

vitis

1stD

egre

e

2ndD

egre

e

3rdD

egre

e

Per

itend

initi

s

Cal

cific

Tend

initi

s

Tend

inos

is

Bur

sa

Bur

sitis

Ner

ve

Stre

tch

Ent

rapm

ent

Neu

rapr

axia

Axo

notm

esis

Neu

rotm

esis

Com

plex

Reg

iona

lP

ain

Syn

drom

e

COMPARING TISSUE INJURIES

Structure Nomenclature Description

Ligament

Muscle

Tendon

Nerve

Vasc

ular

Eval

uatio

ns

Clin

ical

On-

Fiel

d

Am

bula

tory

Ath

lete

Dow

n

Injury EvaluationProcess

His

tory

Des

crip

tion

Pre

viou

sH

isto

ryG

ener

alM

edic

alH

ealth

Loca

tion

Sou

nds

&S

ensa

tions

Mec

hani

sm

Ons

et &

Dur

atio

n

Rel

ated

toO

ppos

ite S

ide

Cha

nges

inS

ympt

oms

COMMON DESCRIPTIONS OF PAIN

A. BONE

B. FRACTURE

C. JOINT

D. MUSCLE / TENDON

E. BURSAE

F. NERVE

G. VASCULAR

Obs

erva

tion

Pos

ture

Func

tiona

lM

ovem

ent

Pat

tern

s

Sho

esG

ait

Inju

red

Are

aG

ross

Def

orm

ity

Sw

ellin

gD

isco

lora

tion

Sig

ns o

fIn

fect

ion

Bila

tera

l Sym

met

ry

SIGNS OF INFECTION

A. Pain

B. Redness

C. Swelling

D. Pus

E. Foul Odor Drainage

F. Heat to Site

G. Fever

H. Swollen Lymph Nodes

Palp

atio

n

Poi

ntTe

nder

ness

Cre

pitu

s

Trig

ger

Poi

nts

Cha

nges

inTi

ssue

Den

sity

PALPATION GUIDELINES

A. Practice Self Palpation

B. Less is More

C. Movement vs. Stillness

D. Develop a Sequence

1) Structures

2) Areas

E. Begin on Opposite Side / Away from Pain

Stress Tests

Bon

e

Long

Bon

eC

ompr

essi

on

Per

cuss

ion

Join

t

Spe

cial

Tes

ts

End

Fee

l

Join

tP

lay

Pas

sive

R.O

.M.

END FEELS

A. Normal

1)

2)

3)

B. Abnormal

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

GONIOMETRY – SFTR METHOD

Plane 1st Number 2nd Number 3rd Number

Sagittal (S)

Frontal (F)

Transverse (T)

Rotation (R)

Hypomobility

Fixed Joint Ankylosis

Mus

cle

/Te

ndon

Act

ive

R.O

.M.

Isom

etric

“Bre

ak”

Test

s

Pas

sive

R.O

.M.

Res

iste

dR

.O.M

.

MUSCLE TEST GRADING

GRADE

VALUE MOVEMENT

Ner

ve

Mot

or

Pat

holo

gica

lR

efle

xes

Bra

in

Sen

sory

Cer

ebel

lum

Cer

ebru

mC

rani

al N

erve

Myo

tom

es

Der

mat

omes

Dee

p Te

ndon

Ref

lexe

s

DEEP TENDON REFLEX GRADING

GRADE

VALUE PATHOLOGY

Vasc

ular

Dis

tal

Pul

ses

Imag

ing

X-R

ay

Bon

e S

can

Mag

netic

Res

onan

ceIm

agin

g

Com

pute

dTo

mog

raph

y

Ultr

asou

nd