seabirds. a.diversity: 2.diet small zooplankton – prions fishes – penguins squids – petrels...
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Seabirds
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SeabirdsA. Diversity:
2. Diet• Small zooplankton – Prions
• Fishes – Penguins
• Squids – Petrels
• Benthic invertebrates – Razorbill
• Other birds – Petrels
• Resource partitioning is common (minimizes competition)
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SeabirdsA. Diversity:
3. Geographic Range• Stay in same region or travel thousands of kilometers
B. Beak Shape
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SeabirdsC. Prey Capture
pelican
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Marine MammalsA. General Characteristics
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Marine MammalsA. General Characteristics
• Endotherms and homeotherms
• Hair
• Viviparous• Placenta
• Mammary glands
• Have few young
• Large and complex brain
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Marine MammalsB. Order Pinnipedia
• Evolved from terrestrial carnivores• Predators - Fishes, squids• Streamlined bodies• Blubber layer under skin• Inhibit loss of body heat through
• Large body size (low surface:volume)• Bristly hair
• Many nest in rookeries• Males establish territories and harems
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Marine MammalsB. Order Pinnipedia
1. Seals (19 Species)• Rear flippers can’t be rotated forward
• Swim with rear flippers Video Video
• Undulate body to move on land
• Include largest pinniped
• Elephant seals can reach 20 ft long and 3600 kg
• Threatened by hunting and coastal development
Weddell
Leopard Crabeater
Harbor
S. Elephant
Video
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Marine MammalsB. Order Pinnipedia
2. Sea Lions (5 species)• Rear flippers can be rotated forward
• Swim with front flippers Video Video
• Rotate limbs and can walk on land
• External ears
3. Fur Seals (9 species)• Related to sea lions
• Formerly hunted for fur
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Marine MammalsB. Order Pinnipedia
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Marine MammalsB. Order Pinnipedia
4. Walrus (1 species)• Feeds on benthic invertebrates, mostly clams
• Tusks used for defense or as anchors in ice
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Marine MammalsB. Order Carnivora
1. Sea otter (1 species)• Smallest marine mammal (average male 25-35 kg)
• No blubber layer
• Insulation from air trapped in dense fur
• Keystone predators in west coast kelp forests
• Voracious – Eat up to 25% of body weight daily
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Marine MammalsB. Order Carnivora
1. Sea otter (1 species)
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Marine MammalsB. Order Carnivora
2. Polar bear (1 species)• Semiaquatic
• Considerable time in water
• Feed primarily on seals
• Capture prey through breathing holes in ice
• Impacted by climate change
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Marine MammalsC. Order Sirenia
• Manatees, Dugongs and Seacows
• Front flippers, no rear limbs• Swim mainly with tail Video
• Thick blubber layer
• Strictly vegetarian
• Manatees reach 4.5 m, 600 kg
• Major threats from coastal development and boat traffic
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Marine MammalsC. Order Sirenia
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Marine MammalsC. Order Cetacea
• Whales, dolphins, porpoises• 90 species – 85 marine, 5 freshwater (dolphins)
• Front flippers, tail, no rear limbs
• Streamlined for efficient swimming• Example of convergent evolution
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Marine MammalsC. Order Cetacea
• Blubber
• Blowhole on dorsal surface