sea swat sea base defense lcs total ship systems engineering 2003

SEA SWATSEA SWATSea Base Defense LCSSea Base Defense LCS

Total Ship Systems Engineering 2003Total Ship Systems Engineering 2003

PropulsionPropulsionModularityModularity

ElectricalElectrical

Damage Damage ControlControl

HullHull

CombatCombatSystemsSystems

RequirementsRequirements& Design& Design

IntroductionIntroduction

TSSE Presentation OutlineTSSE Presentation Outline

ManningManning

ConclusionsConclusions

TSSE Knowledge SchemeTSSE Knowledge Scheme

TS3002, 4000, 4001

TS3000, 3001, 3003

TS4002,4003

MS Degree (ME/Physics/ECE) — FoundationEngineering Understanding of Major Elements

TSSE CoursesSystems Engineering Principles and Process

Integration Processes and Techniques

Capstone Design Project

Realistic, Team-based Application

2003 TSSE Faculty and Team2003 TSSE Faculty and Team

Faculty MembersFaculty MembersProfessor Fotis PapouliasProfessor Fotis Papoulias

Professor Mike GreenProfessor Mike Green

Team MembersTeam MembersLT Rodrigo Cabezas, Chilean NavyLT Rodrigo Cabezas, Chilean Navy

LT Jake Didoszak, USNLT Jake Didoszak, USNLT Colin Echols, USNLT Colin Echols, USN

LTJG Zafer Elcin, Turkish NavyLTJG Zafer Elcin, Turkish Navy

LT Constance Fernandez, USNLT Constance Fernandez, USN

LTJG Alper Kurultay, Turkish NavyLTJG Alper Kurultay, Turkish Navy

LT Scott Lunt, USNLT Scott Lunt, USN

LT Freddy Santos, USNLT Freddy Santos, USN

The TaskersThe Taskers

• Systems Engineering Analysis - Initial Systems Engineering Analysis - Initial

Requirements Document (SEA-IRD)Requirements Document (SEA-IRD)

• TSSE Faculty Capstone Design Project TSSE Faculty Capstone Design Project

Guidance Guidance

• N7 Preliminary Design Initial N7 Preliminary Design Initial

Requirements Document (N7 PD-IRD)Requirements Document (N7 PD-IRD)

Sea Power 21Sea Power 21Sea Power 21Sea Power 21

Sea BasingSea BasingSea BasingSea Basing FORCEnetFORCEnetFORCEnetFORCEnet

Intel, Surveillance, Intel, Surveillance, ReconnaissanceReconnaissance

NetworksNetworks

Common Operational Common Operational and Tactical Picturesand Tactical Pictures

Sea StrikeSea StrikeSea StrikeSea Strike

Fire SupportFire Support

StrikeStrike

Strategic Strategic DeterrenceDeterrence

ManeuverManeuver

Sea ShieldSea ShieldSea ShieldSea Shield

Surface WarfareSurface Warfare

Force ProtectionForce Protection

Under Sea WarfareUnder Sea Warfare

Theater Air andTheater Air andMissile DefenseMissile Defense

Provide Integrated Provide Integrated Joint LogisticsJoint Logistics

Deploy and EmployDeploy and Employ

Pre-Position Joint Pre-Position Joint Assets AfloatAssets Afloat

Sea ShieldSea ShieldSea ShieldSea Shield

Theater Air and Theater Air and Missile DefenseMissile DefenseTheater Air and Theater Air and Missile DefenseMissile Defense

Under Sea Under Sea WarfareWarfare

Under Sea Under Sea WarfareWarfare

Surface Surface WarfareWarfareSurface Surface WarfareWarfare

Provide DefenseProvide DefenseAgainst SurfaceAgainst SurfaceThreatsThreats

Provide Defense Provide Defense Against Air and Against Air and Missile ThreatsMissile Threats

Conduct Sea-Based Conduct Sea-Based Missile DefenseMissile Defense

Neutralize Submarine Neutralize Submarine Threats in the Threats in the LittoralsLittorals

Provide Overland Provide Overland Air and Missile Air and Missile DefenseDefense

Force Force ProtectionProtection

Force Force ProtectionProtection

Neutralize Open Neutralize Open Ocean Submarine Ocean Submarine ThreatsThreats

Protect Against Protect Against SOF and Terrorist SOF and Terrorist ThreatsThreats

Mitigate Effects of Mitigate Effects of CBRNECBRNE

Provide Self-Defense Provide Self-Defense Against Subsurface Against Subsurface ThreatsThreats

Counter Minefields Counter Minefields from Deep to Shallow from Deep to Shallow WaterWater

Provide Maritime Air Provide Maritime Air and Missile Defenseand Missile Defense

Breach Minefields, Obstacles, Breach Minefields, Obstacles, and Barriers from VSW to the and Barriers from VSW to the Beach Exit ZoneBeach Exit Zone

Conduct Mining OperationsConduct Mining Operations

Conduct Offensive Conduct Offensive Operations against Operations against Surface ThreatsSurface Threats

Sea BasingSea BasingSea BasingSea Basing

Deploy and EmployDeploy and EmployDeploy and EmployDeploy and Employ Provide Integrated Provide Integrated Joint LogisticsJoint Logistics

Provide Integrated Provide Integrated Joint LogisticsJoint Logistics

Provide Sustainment for Provide Sustainment for Operations at SeaOperations at SeaProvide Sustainment for Provide Sustainment for Operations at SeaOperations at Sea

Provide Shipboard and Provide Shipboard and Mobile MaintenanceMobile MaintenanceProvide Shipboard and Provide Shipboard and Mobile MaintenanceMobile Maintenance

Provide Force Medical ServicesProvide Force Medical ServicesProvide Force Medical ServicesProvide Force Medical Services

Provide Focused LogisticsProvide Focused LogisticsProvide Focused LogisticsProvide Focused Logistics

Integrate and Support Joint Integrate and Support Joint Personnel and EquipmentPersonnel and Equipment

Provide Afloat C2 Physical Provide Afloat C2 Physical infrastructureinfrastructure

Provide Sustainment for Provide Sustainment for Operations AshoreOperations Ashore

Reconstitute and Reconstitute and Regenerate at SeaRegenerate at Sea



Provide Advanced Base SupportProvide Advanced Base SupportProvide Advanced Base SupportProvide Advanced Base Support

Allow Selective OffloadAllow Selective Offload

Close the Force & Close the Force & Maintain MobilityMaintain Mobility

Provide at Sea Arrival Provide at Sea Arrival and Assemblyand Assembly

Provide AFSB Capability for Provide AFSB Capability for Joint OperationsJoint Operations

11

22

44

1111

77

66

55

1010

99

88

1212

33

Sea SWAT Priorities ISOSEA SHIELD

Provide Maritime Air & Missile DefenseProvide Maritime Air & Missile Defense

Detect Minefields Deep to Shallow WaterDetect Minefields Deep to Shallow Water

Provide Defense vs. Subsurf. ThreatsProvide Defense vs. Subsurf. Threats

Submarine Threats in the LittoralsSubmarine Threats in the Littorals

Protect against SOF & Terrorist ThreatsProtect against SOF & Terrorist Threats

Breach Minefields, Obstacles & BarriersBreach Minefields, Obstacles & Barriers

Open Ocean Submarine ThreatsOpen Ocean Submarine Threats

Provide Defense vs. Surface ThreatsProvide Defense vs. Surface Threats

Conduct Offensive Operations vs. SurfaceConduct Offensive Operations vs. Surface

Mitigate Effects of CBRNEMitigate Effects of CBRNE

Conduct Mining OperationsConduct Mining Operations

Provide Overland Air & Missile DefenseProvide Overland Air & Missile Defense

SEA SWAT Priorities

10 %10 % 20 %20 % 30 %30 % 40 %40 % 50%50%




HullHull


RequirementsRequirements



ManningManning


Design Project GuidanceDesign Project Guidance

……to produce a design for a ship or group of to produce a design for a ship or group of ships to protect the ships of the Sea Base ships to protect the ships of the Sea Base while in the operating area while in the operating area

andand

……protection of the airborne assets moving protection of the airborne assets moving between Sea Base and the objectivebetween Sea Base and the objective

andand

……protection of the surface assets moving protection of the surface assets moving between Sea Base and the beachbetween Sea Base and the beach

Requirements OverviewRequirements Overview

• Protect the Sea BaseProtect the Sea Base

• Operate in Deep to Very Shallow Water Operate in Deep to Very Shallow Water

• Operate at 35 knotsOperate at 35 knots

• AW, SUW, USW/MIW capableAW, SUW, USW/MIW capable

• Reduced Manning implementedReduced Manning implemented

• Modular DesignModular Design




HullHull


Design PhilosophyDesign Philosophy



ManningManning


Overall Design PhilosophyOverall Design Philosophy

554433

22

11

10 %10 % 20 %20 % 30 %30 % 40 %40 % 50%50% 60%60%

8877

66

101099

CostCost

Combat Systems OffensiveCombat Systems Offensive

SpeedSpeed

ModularityModularity

Combat Systems DefensiveCombat Systems Defensive

Manning ReductionManning Reduction

MaintainabilityMaintainability

Aviation CapabilityAviation Capability

AppearanceAppearance

Indefinite SustainmentIndefinite Sustainment

Design Philosophy Priorities

Design ProcessDesign Process

Initial Initial Trade Off Trade Off AnalysisAnalysis

Detailed Detailed Trade Off Trade Off AnalysisAnalysis

Conceptual Conceptual Ship DesignShip Design

Courses of ActionCourses of Action

• COA #1:COA #1: Single Ship ConceptSingle Ship Concept

• COA #2:COA #2: Two-Ship ConceptTwo-Ship Concept

• Trade-off analysis conducted to Trade-off analysis conducted to determine which COA better meets determine which COA better meets requirementsrequirements

Trade-off Analysis PrioritiesTrade-off Analysis Priorities

• Operational FlexibilityOperational Flexibility (10%) (10%)

• Operational CapabilityOperational Capability (10%) (10%)

• Operational AvailabilityOperational Availability (10%) (10%)

• Cost Cost (15%)(15%)

• Space Availability Space Availability (15%) (15%)

• AcquisitionAcquisition (40%) (40%)

(%) Weight of each priority (%) Weight of each priority

Cost Analysis*Cost Analysis*CharacteristicsCharacteristics Single ShipSingle Ship

(SUW, AAW, & (SUW, AAW, & USW/MIW)USW/MIW)

Two ShipTwo Ship(SUW,USW/MIW & (SUW,USW/MIW &

SUW/AAW)SUW/AAW)

LengthLength 258 ft258 ft 249 ft249 ft

BeamBeam 52 ft52 ft 50 ft50 ft

DraftDraft 19.2 ft19.2 ft 18.5 ft18.5 ft

PowerPower 39500 hp39500 hp 36800 hp36800 hp

DisplacementDisplacement 1626 LT1626 LT 1454 LT1454 LT

Est. Cost of HullEst. Cost of Hull $450 M$450 M $425 M$425 M

Est. Cost of Est. Cost of Combat SystemsCombat Systems

$225 M$225 M $212.5 M$212.5 M

Total Est. Total Est. Acquisition CostAcquisition Cost

$675 M$675 M $637.5 M x 2 = $637.5 M x 2 =

$1275 M$1275 M

* Based on MAPC spreadsheet* Based on MAPC spreadsheet

Single Ship vs. Two ShipsSingle Ship vs. Two ShipsPriorityPriority Single Ship Single Ship

DesignDesignTwo Ship Two Ship

DesignDesign

Operational Operational FlexibilityFlexibility

.2.2 11

Operational Operational CapabilityCapability

11 .2.2

Operational Operational AvailabilityAvailability

.2.2 11

CostCost .75.75 .15.15

Space AvailabilitySpace Availability .15.15 .75.75

AcquisitionAcquisition .5.5 .5.5

Total*Total* 2.82.8 3.63.6*Sum of the product of each priority weight and ranking*Sum of the product of each priority weight and ranking

Ranking of five for top & one for bottomRanking of five for top & one for bottom

Single Ship vs. Two ShipsSingle Ship vs. Two Ships

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

OperFlexibility

OperCapability

OperAvailability

Cost SpaceAvailability

Acquisition Total

Feasibility Study Results for Single and Two-Ship LCS Design

Single Ship

Tw o Ships




HullHull


RequirementsRequirements& Alternatives& Alternatives


Combat SystemsCombat Systems

ManningManning


Next Speaker: Next Speaker: LT Rodrigo LT Rodrigo

CabezasCabezas

State I – Staging / Buildup State I – Staging / Buildup (Op Area)(Op Area)– ASCMASCM

– Small boatsSmall boats

– Unconventional Unconventional ships/boatsships/boats

– Submarines/UUVsSubmarines/UUVs

– MinesMines

State II – Ship-to-Shore / State II – Ship-to-Shore / Ship-to-Obj. ManeuverShip-to-Obj. Maneuver– Small boatsSmall boats

– MinesMines

– SAMsSAMs

– Unguided munitionsUnguided munitions

– Aircraft/UAVsAircraft/UAVs

ThreatsThreatsSea Base StatesSea Base States

State III – SustainmentState III – Sustainment– ASCMASCM– MinesMines– Unconventional ships/boatsUnconventional ships/boats– SAMsSAMs– Aircraft/UAVsAircraft/UAVs

Threats (cont’d)Threats (cont’d)Sea Base StatesSea Base States

Initial Combat Needs AnalysisInitial Combat Needs Analysis

AircraftAircraft

UAV’sUAV’s

SAM’sSAM’s

ASCMASCM

USV’sUSV’s

Small BoatsSmall Boats

Submarines Submarines

UUVsUUVs

MinesMines

Associated Associated

Threat Threat Multi-Multi-function function RadarRadar

Air Air Search Search RadarRadar

Surface Surface Search Search RadarRadar

Mine Mine Warfare Warfare PackagePackage

Variable Variable Depth Depth SonarSonar

Torpedo Torpedo Early Early

WarningWarningCombat Combat SystemSystem

Threat Scenario Title Description

M1Low & Slow

ASCM

1Submarine Launched M1 ASCM

Two LCS undergoing ASW operations close to SeaBase

M1Low & Slow

ASCM

2Four Surface/Air M1 ASCMs

LCS defending against airplanes attacking SeaBase

M1Low & Slow

ASCM

3LCS Engaged by M1 Coastal batteries

Two LCS undertaking mine sweeping to clear a passage from SeaBase to shore. Positioned 8 miles from shore

M2Low & Fast

ASCM

4LCS Engaged by MIG-29 Carrying T2 ASCM

Two LCS are escorting an ExWar ship,

Weapons Systems Trade OffWeapons Systems Trade OffScenariosScenarios

LCS self LCS self defense defense scenarioscenario

Scenario 3 Simulation:Scenario 3 Simulation:LCS engaged by coastal LCS engaged by coastal

batteries (ASCM)batteries (ASCM)Scenario Sensor Missile Gun PraS3 R1 D1 G1 0.927S3 R1 D1 G2 0.965S3 R1 D2 G1 0.936S3 R1 D2 G2 0.942S3 R2 D1 G1 0.952S3 R2 D1 G2 0.942S3 R2 D2 G1 0.942S3 R2 D2 G2 0.959

S3: Scenario number 3S3: Scenario number 3

R1, R2: Sensor suitesR1, R2: Sensor suites

D1, D2: Anti-missile MissilesD1, D2: Anti-missile Missiles

G1, G2: GunsG1, G2: Guns

Pra: Probability of Raid AnnihilationPra: Probability of Raid Annihilation

Concept S2 S1Coverage (2D/3D) 3D 3D

Frequency/Band X Band C or S

Antenna/Aperture Type Active Phased Passive

Probability of Sensor Availability (RM&A) 0.95 0.85Size/Weight Estimate 20000 10000*Transition to Track Time 1 4*Minimum Range (needs to match weapon) 50 250Electrical Power Rqmts 350 200Signature (RCS/IR) contribution 1 2Systems quantity 1 3

Complexity 3 1

Weapons Systems Trade OffWeapons Systems Trade Off

Radar example:Radar example:S2, S1 RadarsS2, S1 Radars

S2

S1

Targets

Weapons Systems Trade OffWeapons Systems Trade OffRadar example: non relevant parametersRadar example: non relevant parameters

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Score

Size Track time Power req Quantity Complexity TOTAL

Concept

Trade-Off Radar suite

System 1

System 2

Weapons Systems Trade OffWeapons Systems Trade Off

Radar example: relevant parametersRadar example: relevant parameters

Mission packagesMission packages1.1. Ship’s payload limit: 160 LT (app)Ship’s payload limit: 160 LT (app)

2.2. Core package (CP)Core package (CP)

• Basic package (BP). Ship standard plus Basic package (BP). Ship standard plus self defense.self defense.

• Surface Warfare package (SUWP)Surface Warfare package (SUWP)

3.3. Anti Air Warfare package (AAWP)Anti Air Warfare package (AAWP)

4.4. Anti Submarine/ Mine Warfare Anti Submarine/ Mine Warfare package(ASW/MIWP)package(ASW/MIWP)

5.5. Weapons systems Weight Limit:Weapons systems Weight Limit:

• CP + AAWP < 160 LTCP + AAWP < 160 LT

• CP + ASWP < 160 LTCP + ASWP < 160 LT

Core Mission Package SystemsCore Mission Package SystemsBasic Package• Multi-Function Radar

(APAR)• Command and Control

System• EW Suite• Navigation Radar• EO/IR/UV/LLTV

Suite• Communications Suite• Hull Mounted Sonar• Real Time Degaussing

System

Core Package Systems (cont)Core Package Systems (cont)Basic Package•Sea Ram

•Helicopter and UAV capable

•Signature management system

•Nixie

•Torpedo warning receiver

•High precision navigation system

•Etc.

SUW Package• Harpoon Missiles

(x4)• Mk III 57 mm

BOFORS gun • Rigid Hull Inflatable

Boats (RHIB) (x2)

Core Package Systems (cont)Core Package Systems (cont)

USWUSW• Mk 32 Mod 15 Torpedo

Launcher• Mk 50 Torpedoes (x 6)• Low Freq Active Towed

Sonar. (LFATS )

• LAMPS (aircraft sonar, sonobuoy and torpedo capable)

USW/MIW Mission PackageUSW/MIW Mission Package

MIWMIW• Advanced Side Looking Sonar

(ASLS) • Mine-Hunting UUVs • Expendable Mine Destructor

(EMD) • Airborne Laser Mine Detector

System (ALMDS) • Rapid Airborne Mine Clearance

System (RAMICS)• Organic Airborne & Surface

Influence Suite (OASIS) • Airborne Mine Neutralization

System (AMNS)

USW/MIW Mission PackageUSW/MIW Mission Package

UUV

AAW Mission PackageAAW Mission Package

AAW• Mk 41 8-cell Vertical

Launching System• Evolved Sea Sparrow

Missile (x 32 using Mk 25 Quad-Pack)

SignaturesSignatures

RCSRCSFreq: 1 GHzFreq: 1 GHzElev: 5 degElev: 5 deg

Signatures (cont)Signatures (cont)

RCSRCSFreq: 1 GHzFreq: 1 GHzElev: 5 degElev: 5 degPolar graphPolar graph

Signatures (cont)Signatures (cont)

Temperature Temperature Prediction Prediction

(Environmental)(Environmental)

Radiance

Signatures (cont) Signatures (cont)

IR Signature IR Signature (10 Km, (10 Km, staring staring sensor)sensor)

SummarySummary

• ThreatsThreats

• ScenariosScenarios

• Trade offTrade off

• Mission PackagesMission Packages

• SignaturesSignatures




HullHull




Hull DesignHull Design

ManningManning


Next Speaker: Next Speaker: LTJG Zafer LTJG Zafer

ElcinElcin

Initial Hull Design PhilosophyInitial Hull Design Philosophy

(%) Weight of each priority (%) Weight of each priority

55

44

33

22

11

2.5 %2.5 % 10 %10 % 12.5 %12.5 % 15 %15 % 17.5%17.5% 20%20%

77

66

BeamBeam

LengthLength

DraftDraft

ManeuverabilityManeuverability

Deck AreaDeck Area

DisplacementDisplacement

PowerPowerHull Design

Philosophy Priorities

Hull Form CandidatesHull Form Candidates

Initial Hull Design AnalysisInitial Hull Design Analysis

PriorityPriority MonohullMonohull CatamaranCatamaran TrimaranTrimaran SESSES

Deck AreaDeck Area 0.20.2 0.60.6 0.80.8 0.40.4

ManeuverabilityManeuverability 0.80.8 0.40.4 0.20.2 0.60.6

DraftDraft 0.20.2 0.60.6 0.80.8 0.40.4

LengthLength 0.50.5 0.3750.375 0.1250.125 0.250.25

BeamBeam 0.50.5 0.250.25 0.1250.125 0.1250.125

PowerPower 0.0750.075 0.150.15 0.30.3 0.2250.225

DisplacementDisplacement 0.150.15 0.0750.075 0.30.3 0.2250.225

TotalTotal 2.4252.425 2.452.45 2.652.65 2.252.25

*Sum of the product of each priority weight and ranking*Sum of the product of each priority weight and ranking

Ranking of FOUR for top thru ONE for bottomRanking of FOUR for top thru ONE for bottom

Initial Hull Design AnalysisInitial Hull Design Analysis

Hull Design ProcessesHull Design Processes

AdvantagesAdvantages

• Resistance• Seakeeping and Motions• Maneuverability• General Arrangement• Survivability• Signature Reduction

Side Hull Positioning – Side Hull Positioning – Resistance and PoweringResistance and Powering

SPEED vs. EHP

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

13 23 33 43 53

SPEED (kts)

EH

P (

hp

)

Xout=0.15625, Yout=0.1 Xout=0.2,Yout=0.1

Xout=0.15625,Yout=0.15 Xout=0.2, Yout=0.15

Side Hull Positioning – Side Hull Positioning – SeakeepingSeakeeping

Heave RAO for Head Seas (Fn=0.2)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

X=0.15625

X=0.20


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

X=0.15625

X=0.20


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

X=0.15625

X=0.20


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

X=0.15625

X=0.20

Side Hull PositioningSide Hull Positioning

/ 0.1out ppY L

1/3/L

Characteristic Main Hull Side Hull

Length (LBP) 400 ft 125 ft

Beam (B) 30.8 ft 7.5 ft

Total Beam for 89.5 ft

Draft (T) 12 ft 10 ft

L/B 13.0 16.7

9.39 7.54

Block Coefficient (CB) 0.53 0.50

Midship Coefficient (CM) 0.84 0.68

Waterplane Coefficient (CW) 0.81 0.79

Volume 77226 ft3 4558ft3

Displacement 2206 LT 130 LT

Total Volume 86343 ft3

Total Displacement 2466 LT

Characteristics of SEA SWATCharacteristics of SEA SWAT

Body Plan of SEA SWAT Body Plan of SEA SWAT Main HullMain Hull

Body Plan of the Main Hull

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Body Plan of SEA SWAT Body Plan of SEA SWAT Side HullSide Hull

Side Hull Body Plan

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

-5 - 4 - 3 - 2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Body Plan of SEA SWATBody Plan of SEA SWAT

ManeuverabilityManeuverability

General ArrangementGeneral Arrangement

SurvivabilitySurvivability

Signature ReductionSignature Reduction




HullHull




Modularity DesignModularity Design

ManningManning


Next Speaker: Next Speaker: LT Scott LuntLT Scott Lunt

• Definition

• Application to SEA SWAT


• Mission Packages

• AW

• USW/MIW

• Core Systems


VLS/Torpedo Handling


Nixie Towed Sonar

SEARAMSEARAM





HullHull




Propulsion DesignPropulsion Design

ManningManning


Next Speaker: Next Speaker: LTJG Alper LTJG Alper

KurultayKurultay

ApproachApproach• Resistance Calculations and Power RequirementsResistance Calculations and Power Requirements• SelectionsSelections

• Propulsion PlantPropulsion Plant• Prime MoverPrime Mover• PropulsorPropulsor• Propeller Propeller

• Trade-OffsTrade-Offs• MT 30 vs. LM 2500(+)MT 30 vs. LM 2500(+)• LM 1600 vs. LM 2500(+) for Endurance Speed LM 1600 vs. LM 2500(+) for Endurance Speed

CalculationsCalculations• Fuel Consumption and Endurance Speed CalculationsFuel Consumption and Endurance Speed Calculations• Layout PlanLayout Plan

Resistance CalculationsResistance Calculations

• Wave ResistanceWave Resistance• Ship Wave Analysis CodeShip Wave Analysis Code

• Frictional Resistance Frictional Resistance • Based on ITTC57 FormulaBased on ITTC57 Formula

• Form Resistance Form Resistance • Percent of the Frictional ResistancePercent of the Frictional Resistance

Power RequirementsPower Requirements

24 Hour Ship Electric Load = 5 000 Hp (~3.7 MW)

Speed vs Power

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Speed (knots)

SH

P

Alternatives for Propulsion PlantsAlternatives for Propulsion Plants

• Conventional Steam PlantConventional Steam Plant• Nuclear Steam PlantNuclear Steam Plant• Fuel CellsFuel Cells• DieselsDiesels• Gas TurbinesGas Turbines

Prime Mover SelectionPrime Mover Selection

• ICR WR21ICR WR21• LM 1600LM 1600• LM 2500LM 2500• LM 2500+LM 2500+• MT 30 TrentMT 30 Trent

Comparison of Gas TurbinesComparison of Gas Turbines

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

lb

MT 30 ICRWR21

LM 1600 LM 2500 LM2500+

LM 6000

Weights of Gas Turbines

Trade Off Study Between Trade Off Study Between MT30 and LM2500(+)MT30 and LM2500(+)

LM2500+ vs MT30 Comparison Chart

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Speed (knots)

Fuel

Cons

umpt

ion (L

T/hr)

LM 2500+ MT 30

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

total score

volume weight sfc power/weight total

MT30

LM2500+

Final DecisionFinal Decision

• 1 LM2500+1 LM2500+• 1 LM16001 LM1600• 1 Allison AG9140 1 Allison AG9140

(Harbor Duty)(Harbor Duty)

Fuel Consumption CalculationsFuel Consumption Calculations

Endurance Fuel Estimation for 2500 NM

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Speed (kts)

Fuel (L

T)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Speed (knots)

Requir

ed F

uel (L

T)

LM1600 LM2500+

Propulsor ChoicesPropulsor Choices

• Podded PropulsorsPodded Propulsors• Water jets and hydro driveWater jets and hydro drive• Conventional PropellerConventional Propeller

Propeller SelectionPropeller Selection

Retractable Rudder PropellersRetractable Rudder Propellers

Propulsion Motor SelectionPropulsion Motor Selection• Conventional motorsConventional motors• HTS AC synchronous motorsHTS AC synchronous motors

• DC Super Conducting Homopolar motorsDC Super Conducting Homopolar motors

Engine Rooms LayoutEngine Rooms Layout




HullHull




Electrical DistributionElectrical Distribution

ManningManning


Next Speaker: Next Speaker: LT Freddy LT Freddy

SantosSantos

Electrical DistributionElectrical Distribution




ManningManning


HullHull




Damage ControlDamage Control

Next Speaker: Next Speaker: LT Jake LT Jake DidoszakDidoszak

Damage Control Philosophy

PREVENT

COMBAT

RESTORE

Prevent Casualties

• Shipboard Virtual Reality DC Training Shipboard Virtual Reality DC Training

• Integrated Zonal CompartmentalizationIntegrated Zonal Compartmentalization• ElectricalElectrical

• MechanicalMechanical

• Remote Sensing SystemsRemote Sensing Systems• Embedded Damage Sensing SystemEmbedded Damage Sensing System

• Space CCTV/Video MonitoringSpace CCTV/Video Monitoring

• Point Detection System (CBR)Point Detection System (CBR)

Evolving Technologies• Fiber Optic Embedded Wing Shape Sensing (FOEWS)Fiber Optic Embedded Wing Shape Sensing (FOEWS)

• EmberNet Wireless-Networking SystemEmberNet Wireless-Networking System• Embedded Temperature SensingEmbedded Temperature Sensing• Infra-Red Flame Detection SensorsInfra-Red Flame Detection Sensors

Damage Sensor MatrixCompartment Infra-

red Flame

CCTV/ Video

Liquid Level

Fiber Opt/ Embedded

CIC XBridge XOffices XBerthing X X XGalley & Messing X XPassageways X XElectronics rooms X XPump rooms X X X XAC&R rooms X X X XPaint lockers XEngine enclosures X XMachinery spaces X X X XMagazines X X XHangar X XFlight deck X

Combat Casualties (FIRE)

• Automated First Response Automated First Response • Water Mist SystemWater Mist System

• FM-200 (Fire Suppression)FM-200 (Fire Suppression)

• COCO2 2 FloodingFlooding

• AFFFAFFF

• Human System InterfaceHuman System Interface• Personnel tracking systemPersonnel tracking system

• Shipboard Wide Area NetworkShipboard Wide Area Network

• SEED for all watchstandersSEED for all watchstanders

Automated Response Matrix

Compartment FM 200 CO2 Water Mist AFFFCIC XBridge XOffices XBerthing XGalley & Messing XPassageways XElectronics rooms X XPump rooms X XAC&R rooms X XPaint lockers X XEngine enclosures X XMachinery spaces X X X XMagazines X XHangar X XFlight deck X

Combat Casualties (FIRE)

• Automated First Response Automated First Response • Water Mist SystemWater Mist System

• FM-200 (Fire Suppression)FM-200 (Fire Suppression)

• COCO2 2 FloodingFlooding

• AFFFAFFF

• Human System InterfaceHuman System Interface• Personnel tracking systemPersonnel tracking system

• SEED for all watchstandersSEED for all watchstanders

• Shipboard Wide Area NetworkShipboard Wide Area Network

Firemain and AFFF Systems

Combat Casualties

• Damage Control PartiesDamage Control Parties• Two Repair LockersTwo Repair Lockers• Video/sensor investigationVideo/sensor investigation• Secondary line of responseSecondary line of response

• Utilityman cross-trainingUtilityman cross-training

• Reduced overall manningReduced overall manning

Restore from Casualties

• Zonal systemsZonal systems• Damage Control (FM, AFFF, CPS)Damage Control (FM, AFFF, CPS)

• Mechanical (CW, VENT, compartment isolation)Mechanical (CW, VENT, compartment isolation)

• Electrical (integrated distributed power grid) Electrical (integrated distributed power grid)

• Self-healing systemsSelf-healing systems• Buoyancy foam fillerBuoyancy foam filler

• Quickset patchesQuickset patches

• Kevlar cladding Kevlar cladding

• Installed smoke ejectorsInstalled smoke ejectors

• Installed drainage and eductorsInstalled drainage and eductors

CBR – Layered Defense

CMWDSCMWDS

Damage Control Summary

• Increased use of Automatic response systemsIncreased use of Automatic response systems

• Real-time situational awareness through SWANReal-time situational awareness through SWAN

• More unmanned machinery/electrical spacesMore unmanned machinery/electrical spaces

• Model & Simulate to predict damage progression Model & Simulate to predict damage progression

• Use of COTS Damage Control systemsUse of COTS Damage Control systems

• Greater survivability through better Greater survivability through better

compartment/zonal segregationcompartment/zonal segregation




ManningManning


HullHull




Reduced ManningReduced Manning

Next Speaker: Next Speaker: LT Constance LT Constance

FernandezFernandez

• Manning levels determined based Manning levels determined based onon• Watch Stations Watch Stations • Maintenance Maintenance • Logistics Operations requirementsLogistics Operations requirements

• Focused on Reduced ManningFocused on Reduced Manning• Low maintenance design Low maintenance design • Increased skill level of crewIncreased skill level of crew


Condition I Watch BillCondition I Watch BillSTATION LOCATION AAW USWPILOT HOUSE/SIGNAL BRIDGE 3 3CO/XO 2 2COMBAT 9 9AAW 3USW 4WEAPONS/SUPPORT 11 11CCS/DC 4 4ENGINEERING 7 7REPAIR 1 21 21REPAIR 2 21 21FLIGHT DECK 5 5HELO FIRE FIGHTING 11 11HELO DETACHCORPSMEN 6 6MESSING 4 4SUPPLY 4 4

TOTAL 111 112

SHIP LENGTH (FT) CREW FFG -7 445 300DDG-51 505 320TRIDENT 560 175

AAW USWWithout Repair Parties 54 552 Section Rotation 108 110Repair Parties 57 57

Required Manning 165 167

Required Berthing (Helo Detachment of 10 persons) 175 182


• MAINTENANCE: MAINTENANCE:

• Condition Based MaintenanceCondition Based Maintenance

• COMBAT SYSTEMS:COMBAT SYSTEMS:

• Multi-function Radar - two maintenance men, no Multi-function Radar - two maintenance men, no

operatorsoperators

• Software for system is “self-diagnostic” and “self Software for system is “self-diagnostic” and “self

healing”healing”

• ENGINEERING:ENGINEERING:

• Integrated Electric DriveIntegrated Electric Drive

• Electrical Distribution System (fully automatic)Electrical Distribution System (fully automatic)


• DAMAGE CONTROL:DAMAGE CONTROL:• SWAN(Shipboard Wide Area Network)SWAN(Shipboard Wide Area Network)

• Automated Identification TechnologyAutomated Identification Technology

• Information SystemsInformation Systems

• SensorsSensors

• Virtual TrainingVirtual Training

• Automated ResponseAutomated Response

• Systems that are “self-diagnostic” and “self Systems that are “self-diagnostic” and “self healing”healing”


• Summary of Reduced ManningSummary of Reduced Manning• Low maintenance/operator design Low maintenance/operator design

• Use of more SensorsUse of more Sensors

• Use of self diagnostic systemsUse of self diagnostic systems

• Increasing skill level of ship crewIncreasing skill level of ship crew


Space AllocationSpace Allocation




ManningManning


HullHull





Closing RemarksClosing Remarks

• All Requirements MetAll Requirements Met• Trade-off Analyses Conducted Trade-off Analyses Conducted • Design Spiral Completed at least onceDesign Spiral Completed at least once• Ship Loaded with Combat SystemsShip Loaded with Combat Systems

Closing RemarksClosing Remarks

• Weight EstimationsWeight Estimations

• Cost ~$655 MCost ~$655 M

• HydrostaticsHydrostatics

• Environmental ConcernsEnvironmental Concerns

• Further PursuitsFurther Pursuits

• http://www.nps.navy.mil/tssehttp://www.nps.navy.mil/tsse

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13301330Go Navy Go Navy

Beat Army!Beat Army!

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sea swat sea base defense lcs total ship systems engineering 2003

Documents

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