se463 softwarerequirementsspecification*&analysisjmatlee/teaching/se463/... ·...

Copyright © Atlee, Berry, Day, Godfrey 1995-2017 U Waterloo SE463 (Spring 2017)

SE463Software Requirements Specification & Analysis

Prototyping

Readings:Karl E Wiegers and Joy Beatty. Software Requirements, 3ed. Microsoft Press, 2013.Chapter 15: “Risk reduction through prototyping”

Knapp, Zeratsky, Kowitz. Sprint: How to Solve Problems and Test New Ideas in Just Five Days, Simon & Schuster, 2016


Prototyping“A software prototype is a partial implementation constructed primarily to enable customers, users, or developers to learn more about a problem or its solution.”

Alan Davis

• Presentation Prototypes• used for proof of concept;; explaining design features;; etc.• explain, demonstrate and inform – then throw away

Copyright © Steve Easterbrook

• Evolutionary (e.g. “operational prototypes”, “pilot systems”):• development seen as continuous process of adapting the system• “prototype” is an early deliverable, to be continually improved.

• Exploratory Prototypes• used to determine problems, elicit needs, clarify goals, compare design options• informal, unstructured and thrown away.

• Breadboards or Experimental Prototypes• explore technical feasibility;; test suitability of a technology• typically no user/customer involvement


Throwaway PrototypingThrowaway PrototypingPurpose:• learn more about the problem• discard after desired knowledge is gained

Copyright © Steve Easterbrook

Evolutionary PrototypingPurpose:• learn more about the solution• reduce risk by building parts early

Approach:• horizontal -‐ build only one layer (e.g. UI)• “quick and dirty”

Use:• early or late

Advantages:• learning medium for better convergence• early feedback → less cost• successful even if it fails!

Disadvantages:• often replaces proper documentation of the specification• may set customers’ expectations too high• can get developed into final product

Use:• incremental; evolutionary

Approach:• vertical – partial implementation of all layers• designed to be extended and adapted

Advantages:• requirements are not frozen• return to last version if problem encountered

Disadvantages:• early architectural choice may be poor• can end up with complex, unstructured system that is difficult to maintain• optimal solutions not guaranteed• lacks control and direction


SPRINT kickoff slideshttps://www.slideshare.net/bikolabs/sprint-kickoff-slides-sesin-de-sprint-week


Sketching, Wireframing, Prototypes

http://murdochcarpenter.com/portfolio/wireframes/

Prototype as a façade of a solution, used to bait stakeholders into providing new requirements details


SketchesSketches of the UI focus on content: the scope of what to include on a screen, and how to lay it out.

http://murdochcarpenter.com/portfolio/wireframes/


WireframingA wireframe is a visual representation or mock-up of a user interface, using only simple shapes

• focuses on content, information hierarchy and flow

• defers details about presentation (colour, fonts, images)


Sketching vs. Low-Fid Wireframing


F-Layout Design

The heatmap shows where users tend to focus their gaze, reading left to right, and top to bottom (but less to the right the lower they gaze)

http://webdesign.tutsplus.com/articles/understanding-the-f-layout-in-web-design--webdesign-687


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Crazy 8’s


Sketchboard

User Flow, Storyboard

Alternatives


Summary• Sprint prototypes enable fast learning about some aspect of a proposed solution

• Prototypes generally used to elicit requirements in the form of feedback on the value of proposed solutions.

• Sketching enables rapid generation of alternative UI designs• Lots of ideas to work from• Multiple iterations and refinements• Active input from all stakeholders


Deliverable #5Wednesday, June 13 at noon

• (40%) Elicited RequirementsUsing a variety of elicitation techniques, especially those that lead to innovative requirements, identify at least 2+ new innovative features or use cases for your project.• Generating ideas should involve concrete stakeholders outside of your team• Evaluating the business value of the new ideas should involve the project’s customer or champion stakeholder

• (40%) Annotated Screen Sketches• 2N sketches of screens (or pages, or user interfaces)• Annotations explaining GUI widgets on the screens• Stakeholder feedback on the screens

• (20%) Screen Alternatives• For 2 screens, sketch 6 alternative layouts• Team feedback (positive and negative) on the screens

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