US216Answer Sheet for Multiple Choice Questions (1-20) Candidate name: ________________________________________________________________ To indicate your answer, circle the appropriate letter for each question. If you make a mistake, cross out the letter with a cross (X) and write the letter you want at the end of the row, for example:

Question 1

a

b

c

d

e

b

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20

a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a

b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b

c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c

d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d

e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

US216 Answer sheet for Section A to be provided Two Hours

UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

CT210 Software Quality

For candidates taking:

BSc IN COMPUTATIONSECOND YEAR SESSIONAL

BSc IN COMPUTING SCIENCESECOND YEAR SESSIONAL

BSc IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERINGSECOND YEAR SESSIONAL

BSc IN PURE MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATIONSECOND YEAR SESSIONAL Friday 21 May 1999 Answer all the multiple choice questions in Section A and one question from Section B The answer sheet for use with Section A should be handed in at the end of the examination The use of electronic calculators is NOT permitted 9.30-11.30

Note: Do not answer more than the required number of questions. Clearly cross out anything you do not wish to be marked. PTO

(2)

SECTION A: You must answer ALL questions in this section. Select the correct answerand mark on the accompanying answer sheet. 1) Which type of risk factor is most likely to cause problems for a software project developing a Management Information System? (a) (b) (c) (d) 2) Cost overruns Requirements creep Low productivity Cancellation of project

Defect prevention is defined as: (a) (b) (c) (d) Finding and fixing errors after insertion Finding and fixing errors before release but after insertion Finding and fixing errors after release Avoiding defect insertion

3)

Product quality is defined as: (a) (b) (c) (d) Delivering a product with correct requirements Delivering a product using correct development procedures Delivering a product which is developed iteratively Delivering a product using high quality procedures

4)

Maturity level is defined as: (a) (b) (c) (d) The speed at which software can be produced A measure of the number of defects in a system A set of actions which when performed meet a specific goal A well-defined stage which characterises an organisations competence in delivering software

US216 (3) 5) The following diagram shows:P bb t r aiiy o l

Et se ta i m

Socuc ieshe z t ee , , dt C l S

(a) (b) (c) (d)

An immature software organisation which generally delivers software on-time and within a reasonable range of its initial estimates An immature software organisation which generally fails to deliver software on-time and within a reasonable range of its initial estimates A mature software organisation which generally delivers software on-time and within a reasonable range of its initial estimates A mature software organisation which generally fails to deliver software on-time and within a reasonable range of its initial estimates

6)

Which maturity level is characterised by: Basic project management processes established to track cost, schedule and functionality. Has the necessary process discipline in place to repeat earlier successes on projects with similar applications. (a) (b) (c) (d) Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5

PTO (4)

7)

The following House of Quality shows a set of customer requirements for a railway ticketing system on the vertical axis and a series of system functions along the horizontal axis.Fare/refund Ticket calculation printing 9 7 5 7 7 1 7 7 Auditing & User security interface 3 1 7 3 3 5 9 9 Customer tracking 0 3 7 5 Sum % 20 21 33 31 19% 20% 31% 29%

Standard single/return tickets Citizen charter refunds Season tickets Travelcards

48% 4% 33% 15%

Which observation is NOT correct: (a) (b) (c) (d) The requirement Standard single/return tickets is the most important customer requirement The system function User interface makes the most significant contribution to the user requirement Season tickets The least amount of system functionality contributes to the user requirement Season tickets The least amount of system functionality contributes to the user requirement Standard single/return tickets

8)

Using the House of Quality matrix in question 7, which observation is CORRECT: (a) (b) (c) (d) The amount of system functionality contributing to the user requirement Standard single/return tickets is about right The amount of system functionality contributing to the user requirement Season tickets is about right The amount of system functionality contributing to the user requirement Travelcards is about right Citizen charter refunds is not a valid user requirement

US216 (5) 9) Which type of risk factor is most likely to cause problems for a software project which has Outsourced development? (a) (b) (c) (d) Requirements creep Legal expenses Hidden errors High maintenance costs

10) With respect to software metrics, which statement is NOT true: (a) (b) (c) (d) A indirect measure focuses on attributes of a project which can be measured by examining a process, product or resource A direct measure focuses on attributes of a project which can be measured by examining a process, product or resource External attributes are always measured indirectly Lines of code is a direct measurement

11) Measures for a project are given as: Effort: 12 Cost: 24,000 Thousand lines of code: 600k Defects: 120 What is the productivity of the project? (a) (b) (c) (d) 0.1 2000 5 50

PTO

(6) 12) The key process area Organisation Process Focus is about: (a) (b) (c) (d) An organisation documenting all its software development procedures in order to improve its overall process capability An organisation taking responsibility for software process activities that improves its overall process capability An organisation examining its software development processes and trying to streamline them and remove redundant processes An organisation trying to improve its overall process capability by introducing a testing programme

13) With respect to the following IDEF model, which statement is NOT true:U n n o r m a l i s e d s t r u c t u r e

R e m o v e r e p e a t i n g f i e l d s

1 N F s t r u c t u r e

A 1 D e fo it n e f u n c i n a l d e p e n d e n c i e sF us n c tn ip o n a le d e e d n c i e F u n c t i o n a l d e p e n d e n c i e s

A 2 R e m o v e d e p e n d e n c i e s o n p a r t i a l k e yS a m p l e d a t a D o m a i n k n o w l e d g e 2 N F s t r u c t u r e

A 3 R e m o v e d e p e n d e n c i e s b e tw e e n n o n k e y f i e l d s2 N F d e f i n i t i o n 3 N F s t r u c t u r e

A 4

3 N F d e f i n i t i o n

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Unnormalised structure is a data input to process A1 2NF definition is a mechanism used by process A3 Functional dependencies is a data input to processes A3 and A4 2NF structure is a data output from process A3 and a data input to process A4

US216 (7) 14) With respect to the following Role Activity Diagram, which statement is NOT true:Purchaser Require goods

Complete requisition Pass requisition

Purchasing Manager

OK? Agree change

No

Yes

Identify supplier Agree delivery date

Supplier

Arrange finance

Inform warehouse

Manufacture goods

Supply goods

(a) (b) (c) (d)

A purchaser agrees change with a purchasing manager A delivery date is agreed sometime after a purchaser and purchasing manager requisition has been passed by a

Identifying a supplier involves a supplier and purchaser Arranging finance and informing a warehouse must occur before goods are supplied

PTO

(8) 15) Intergroup Communication in the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is primarily concerned with: (a) (b) (c) (d) Communication between developers and 3rd party supplier Communication between the software engineering group and other stakeholders (including customers) Communication between marketing staff and customers Communication between customers and alternative supplier

16) Formal Reviews seek to: (a) (b) (c) (d) Identify system faults, but not to attribute blame or seek solutions Identify system faults, attribute the source of errors, but not seek solutions Identify system faults, attribute the source of errors and seek solutions Identify system faults, seek solutions, but not to attribute blame

17) Using the following table for function point weightings:Factors Number of user inputs Number of user outputs Number of user inquiries Number of files Number of external interfaces Simple 3 4 3 7 5 Weights Average 4 5 4 10 7 Complex 6 7 6 15 10

A system being developed has the following characteristics: Number of user inputs Number of user outputs Number of user inquiries Number of files Number of external interfaces 10 (simple) 7 (simple) 3 (average) 6 (average) 1 (complex)

The function point count for the system is: (a) (b) (c) (d) 27 31 58 140

US216 (9) 18) Which form of software development model is most suited to a system where all the requirements are known at the start of a project, but not all the resources required to deliver the project are available: (a) (b) (c) (d) Waterfall model Incremental model Evolutionary model Spiral model

19) Which maturity level is characterised by: A focus on continuous process improvement, including defect prevention, technology change management and process change management. (a) (b) (c) (d) Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5

PTO

(10) 20) With respect to the following state transition diagram for a software product, which statement is true:

Null

Completed

Program request Write program

Program OK

Compilation errors Rewrite program

Under developm ent

Run-time errors Rewrite program

TestedProgram coded Submit for compilation Compilation OK Test program

Compiled

(a) (b) (c) (d)

The product can be completed immediately after being compiled While the product is under development it can only next be submitted for compilation While the product is being compiled, it can only next be rewritten and under development Once the product has been completed, it can be rewritten

US216 (11)

SECTION B: You must answer one question in this section21) Answer all parts (a) Briefly outline the objectives of the Software Project Planning and the Software Project Tracking and Oversight key process areas found in level 2 of the CMM (Capability Maturity Model). (6 marks) Lines of code (LOC) and function point counts (FPC) are two measures of the size of a system. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using these two metrics for measuring systems. (6 marks) Produce a critical path network, showing the earliest start times and latest finish times for each task, using the data in the table below. Write down the sequence of tasks on the critical path.Task code PLAN REQ AGREE DESIGN CODE ID BUY INTEG INFRA TRAIN REL Task name Plan project Capture requirements Agree requirements with customer Design system Code system Identify subcontractors Buy-in subcontractor code Integrate code and buy-in code Prepare infrastructure Train staff Release system Duration 3 8 2 10 12 3 5 6 7 5 4 Starts after completion of task number(s) PLAN REQ AGREE DESIGN DESIGN ID CODE, BUY AGREE INFRA INTEG, TRAIN

(b)

(c)

(13 marks)

PTO

(12) 22) Answer all parts (a) What are the main risk factors which may be encountered in the development of software? (8 marks) Give a suitable definition of software quality and briefly describe the rationale for your definition. (6 marks) Why should an organisation be concerned about software risk factors and software quality? (11 marks)

(b)

(c)

23) Answer all parts (a) Comment on the statement that Testing does not remove all errors from a software product, explaining why testing alone is insufficient to ensure product quality. Explain how the shortcomings of testing alone has lead to the development of the process quality movement and what are the key issues addressed by this movement. (10 marks) Explain the main factors to be considered when organising a peer review of a software deliverable. (8 marks) Give a reasoned explanation as to why peer review appears as a level 3 key process area in the CCM (Capability Maturity Model) and not level 2. (7 marks)

(b)

(c)

END OF PAPER