SDGs and the potential of waste, sanitation and water related research

Christian ZurbrüggEawag / Sandec

…universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity….through 17 Goals and 169 Targets

Global Agenda 2030

Some details on the history

MDGs 2000-2015• Launched in 2000• Top-down process• Quantity rather than

quality• Getting us “half

way”….this encouraged countries to “do the easiest parts first.

• Concept of rich helpingthe poor • created in an inclusive participatory process

• Launched in 2016• More comprehensive (something for all

countries)• Balance economic, social and environmental

dimensions• More focus on equity and quality

SDGs 2015-2030

The WASH and waste domain

SDG 6 : Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all• 6.1.1 Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services

6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations• 6.2.1 Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services,

including a hand-washing facility with soap and water

6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally

Field-based water quality monitoring (S. Marks) Objective: A method for constructing an adaptable, low-cost incubator

Quality from tap to mouth (R. Meierhofer) Objective: Assess storage container cleanliness• Chlorination at kiosk, Cleaning of

jerrycans, Improved jerrycans

safe and affordable drinking water for all

safely managed sanitation services

Understanding «shit flows» beyond the toilet

safely managed sanitation services

How can we reliably estimate «Quantities and Qualities» of faecal sludge?

Spatially analyzable (SPA) dataas predictors of Q&Qs

• Demographic(e.g. income)

• Environmental (e.g. groundwater)

• Technology(e.g. septic tank / pit latrine)

(DET)

safely managed sanitation services?

How can we reliably estimate «Quantities and Qualities» of faecal sludge?

Designed by a mechanical engineer and industrial design student team (ETH and ZHdK)

Measures containment volume and FS volume for quantification of accumulation rates

Tripod with laser head, depth stick, and app

Preliminary results of testing: Volaser1 in India Volaser2 in Nepal Volaser3 in the making to go to Zambia

Volaser

Linking SDG 6 and SDG 12

6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, …substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally

12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food waste …12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse

Concept of a circular economy

12

Black Soldier Fly Biowaste Treatment

Young larvae

Larvae

PrepupaePupae

Adult fly

Mating

Eggs

~1 month

Engineered Life Cycle

Engineering of thelife-cycle

• Steady supply of clean organic waste

• Steady mass productionof small larvae~1 month

Natural life cycleEngineered life cycle

Control over:• # prepupae• # eggs• # flies• 5-DOL production• Survival rate• Retention rate• Development time• …

Waste treatment

1 ton of food waste into100-200 kg fresh larvae

~40% protein, ~30% fat

Waste reduction of 70-85% dry matter

BSF research by Eawag in Indonesia

Research outputs

Life cycle• Feeding substrates• Reproduction cycle

Operation• Waste treatment technology• Rearing facility

Partnerships in Indonesia• Treatment of waste from a

vegetable wholesale market

• Implementation by the city of Surabaya (7 mill)

• 4 private sector partnerships

Economy• Time-motion-studies• Business and cost models

Environment• LCA & Greenhouse gas

emissions

Education/Dissemination• Beginners Guide• MOOC-Module

Process engineering

Technology implementation

Sustainability aspects

16

BSF and greenhouse gas emissions

- CH4 and N2O measured in BSF treatment plant in Indonesia

- Compared GWP with composting

1

10

100

1000

10000

BSF Composting Open dumping

GW

P [k

g C

O2e

q/to

n w

aste

]

… and open dumping

2.3

110

3,78013.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning

Waste management has the potential to contribute a 10-20% reduction in global GHG emissions. or perhaps even more, if waste prevention were included (GWMO, 2015).

17

BSF and the LCA

1) High impact of residue post-composting (69%)

2) Potential high impact of electricity needs and source (up to 55%)

3) Benefits from fishmeal substitution (up to 30%)

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

BSF treatment

GW

P [k

g CO

2eq/

ton

was

te]

Fishmeal transp. Fishmeal prod.Other EnergyDirect emissions post-composting residue Direct emissions BSF treatmentOVERALL GWP

+

Composting

SDG 14 : Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development

14.1 By 2025 prevent and reduce marine pollution of all kinds (e.g. marine debris)

Problem definition – source of plastic pollution

Problem definition – source of plastic pollution

Adap

ted

from

©IS

WA

>80%From land

based acitvities

~20%From sea

based activities

Mainly caused by bad

Solid Waste Management

11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management

Jam

beck

et a

l.,

2015

Neu

man

n et

al.

, 20

15G

RID

-Are

ndal

Waste Flow Diagram – Data requirements

Linking SDG 4 to SDG 12

4.7 By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development ….

12.8.1: …global citizenship education for sustainable development mainstreamed in (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher education; and (d) student assessment

Sustainable and efficient practices at schools

«learning by doing» in school curricula

Applying the 4R principle

• Reduce, Reuse,

Recycle, Recover

Zero Waste @ Schools

“Operationalizing the Water-Waste-Food-Energy Nexus”

Zero Waste @ Schools

“Leadership through education and experience”

…universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity….through 17 Goals and 169 Targets

Global Agenda 2030