sd document

8/22/2019 Sd Document

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4. Account determination

4.1. Document flow

4.2. Sales Order

4.3. Goods issue posting

4.4. Revenue Posting

4.5. Account determination configuration4.5.1. Goods issue - MM account determination

4.5.2. Billing - SD account determination

4. Account determination

Now the sales order process is completed. Let's take a closer look at it from the

accounting perspective.

4.1. Document flow

You find the document flow from the menu Environment in every phase of the sales

order process. There also a button for it. The document flow looks slightly different

depending on the phase, but if you open it from the sales order, you will see all the

phases and sub phases.

The document flow ties together all the documents of the sales process. Put the cursor

on the line and click on 'Display document' to open the document.
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Accounting documents are created at the goods issue and billing. The text 'not cleared'

beside accounting document means that the invoice is not paid.

The integration points are following:

Sales order: the profit center is determined and copied to the following

documents

Goods issue: posting to inventory and inventory change accounts.

Invoice: posting to revenue account, accounts receivable and tax accounts

4.2. Sales order

Move from the document flow to the sales order. Place the cursor on the Standard

Order and click the 'Display document'-button.

The sales order does not create any documents to accounting. However, some of the

account assignments are decided at this point. There are accounting relevant fields on

both header and item level. The item level fields are more relevant. The sales order

items can be splitted into different deliveries and invoices and the accounting

information follows the items. Generally you could say that the header level

information is customer related and item level is product related.

Select the sales order line item and then menu Goto / Item / Account Assignment (or

double click the item row and open tab Account Assignment).


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The profit center is defined at sales order level. Depending on the system settings the

profit center comes either from the material master(View: Sales:General/Plant)

according to delivering plant (transaction MM03) or from theSales order substitution

rulesdefined in profit center accounting (transaction 0KEL). With these rules the

profit center can be defined for example according to sales organisation, product or

customer characterics.

If no profit center is found and COPA is active, the dummy profit center is used. If

COPA is not active, the profit center is left empty and you will get an error situation

in billing.

4.3. Goods issue posting

In the Document Flow place cursor on the GD goods issue: delvy document and click

on 'Display document' -button. This takes you to the MM Material document.
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The movement type for sales delivery is 601.

Click the accounting documents button.


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A list of created accounting documents is shown. Click on the Accounting document.

In this example the goods issue posting looks like this.

The stock posting goes to a balance sheet account and the offsetting posting to

inventory change (P&L account).

The posting is created automatically at goods issue and the system has to find

somewhere all the necessary information for the posting. The accounts used are

determined in MM automatic account determination. The account assignments of the

offsetting posting depend on the settings.

If the account is not defined as a cost element the posting goes to the profit center

from the material master.

If the account is a cost element, a cost object becomes mandatory. Usually the system

looks for it in the CO automatic account assigment table OKB9. In this example the

cost assignment is a profitability segmentand the posting rules are defined inCOPA

IMG.

4.4. Revenue Posting

Move from Document Flow to the billing document. Place cursor over Invoice and

click on 'Display Document'.
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In the invoice you can find accounting information from several places. There is a

direct link to accounting documents. The Accounting button lists all the accountig

documents created. From the Environment menu you find Account determinationAnalysis, which lets you analyze how the account determination is made. On both

header and item level you will also find lots of accounting relevant data.

4.5. Account determination configuration

4.5.1. Goods issue - MM account determination

At goods issue the the owner of the goods changes and the stock change must be

recorded. It is posted in the balance sheet to the inventory account and the offsetting

posting (cost) goes to a profit an loss account Inventory changes.


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Account assignments

The inventory account is a balance sheet account. In Profit center customizing you can

define wether you transfer the material stock balance to Profit Center Accounting

periodically or on-line. The profit center always comes from the material master

according to the delivering plant (tr. MM03, Sales: General/Plant).

The account assigments of the offsetting posting depend on how the account is

defined. If the inventory change account is not defined as a cost element, the posting

goes to a profit center. Here the profit center is copied from the sales order. It can

come from a substitution rule or from the material master.

If the account is defined as a cost element, it requires a cost assignment, which can be

a cost center, order or profitability segment. As the good issue posting is an automatic

posting, the system has to find the assignment automatically. It looks for the

assignment in CO automatic account assignmenttable OKB9. You can also

defineAutomatic assignment to a COPA profitability segment (COPA-IMG: PA

transfer structures, tr. KEI2), which is the case here. .

Accounts

The accounts are defined in MM customizing under Valuation and account

assignment. MM account determination is not a 'straight forward -task. SAP has has

made Wizard to assist in this. Here I will only show you how to find the

configurations for our example.
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Start the 'Configure automatic postings under 'Account determination without the

Wizard'. If you get a pop up for missing account grouping code, press cancel. CLick

the 'Simulation' button.

Enter the plant (1200), material number (R-1180) and movement type 601 Goods

issue Delivery. Press enter and then click the Account Assignments button.


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On the simulation screen the system combines all the relevant information and shows

the accounts it has determined.


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The MM account determination is based on transaction technique. In inventory

postings there is alwaus the transaction Inventory Posting (BSX). It defines the

inventory account, which here is 310000. The system finds this account according to

thetransaction and valuation classof the material.

The transaction for offsetting posting is GBB 'Offsetting entry for inventory'. Thistransaction has an extra specifications called Account Modification key, which has a

different meaning depending on the procedure. The system finds this account

according to thetransaction, account modification key and valuations class.

If you are interested on how the account determination works, SAP Press has

published a book about SAP Account determination. In book reviews you find my

review of this book.

4.5.2.Billing - SD account determination

The accounting document created at SD billing contains typically following three

lines:

- Customer posting in accounts reveivable and simultaneously posting to

reconciliation account in general ledger

- Sales revenue posting

- Tax posting

There can also be other accounts like discounts. Let's study the origin of these

postings.

Customer line / reconciliation account
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The first row in the posting is the customer line. It shows the customer number and

makes anopen item posting to accounts receivable. At the same time it makes a

posting in general ledger to a reconciliation account. Double click the customer line

and you can seethe reconciliation account.

The main rule is, that the reconliliation account comes fromthe paying customer'smaster data.

For special cases, it is possible to use an alternative reconciliation account. Settings

for that can be found in FI and SD customizing.

The reconciliation account is a balance sheet account and has no other account

assignments. However, you can transfer the posting to a profit center. This does not

happen automatically. At period end you must first Calculate Balance Sheet

Readjustment in FI closing (tr. F.5D9 and then transfer the postings in profit center

accounting (tr. 1KEK).

Revenue posting

The setting for revenue account are defined in SD customizing.

In spite of the title 'revenue account determination', this is where the settings for all

other accounts are made as well.
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Select option Assign G/L accounts.

SD account determination is based on condition techniques. The system reads the

conditions sequentially searching for a match. In this IDES case it will find the match

on the second level in condition CustomerAccountGroup/AccountKey.

Click on the second row.The table looks baffling, but is really is not that complicated.

In the first column you have the appilication. It is always V, which comes from the

german word for sales. Next you have a condition type. There are two alternatives.

You choose KOFI, if the posting goes to accounts that in CO are revenue elements

(cost element types 11 and 12) and the account assighment is profitablity segment

(COPA) or profit center. This is usually the case for revenues and

discounts. KOFIKis used if you want to post to an account that is a cost element

(type 01) and the account assignment is cost center. In the third column you give the

name of yourChart of Accounts. In the fourth column enter the name of the Sales

Organisation. In the fift column you give theAccount assginment group of the
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paying customer. Next comes the Account assignment key. This is defined in SD

customizing and is inSD pricing assigned to SD conditions like sales price.

You don't anywhere define the company code in whose accounting the entry is made.

This is determined indirectly via the sales organisation, which is assigned to the

company code.

The Account assignment groups for customers and materials are defined in SD IMG /

Account assignment/costing customizing under 'Check masterdata relevant for

account assignment'.

Tax posting

The tax account determination is not done in SD. The account is taken fromFI tax

account definitions. The tax account is a balance sheet account and has no account

assigments.

Integration:

Hi

SD-FI Account Determination and Postings

This is known in the IMG as "revenue account determination", but it covers a lot more than that (discounts, taxes

etc). This is what determines how the financial impact of your SD Billing document is posted into the FI GeneralLedger.

The integration is controlled both in SD and in FI.

In SD there is a awesome area of configuration called the pricing procedures. The pricing procedure determines the

final price quoted to the customer for a particular product. This could be a complicated calculation taking into account

the base price, any special prices or discounts that may apply to that scenario, taxes, freight charges etc. These

prices or charges are called 'condition types'. This condition technique is used in a number of areas of SAP.

For now all we need to know is that each condition type is assigned to an account key (or in the case of rebates two

account keys). You can assign multiple condition types to the same account key. There are a number of account

keys that are pre-defined in the system. For example:

ERF freight revenues

ERL revenues

ERS sales deductions

EVV cash settlement

MWS sales tax

Now we start getting to the integration by mapping the account keys to GL accounts. But it is not as simple as that. It

can be as flexible (ie: as complex) as you want. Start off with the most simple approach. Generally if one is using a

good sales / revenue reporting tool (eg: CO-PA) then one does not need a lot of flexibility and variety in the GL

accounts that are posted to. The level of detail that you need in GL should be determined by your financial statement

reporting requirements - you may end up with only one Revenue account - it is a good bet!
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So, taking the simple approach we would ignore most of the configuration possibilities : procedures, access

sequences, condition tables etc (Yes it is that 'condition technique' kicking in again. Once you have worked through

it once in one area and encounter it in another then hopefully you will be comfortable in knowing that most of the

standard configuration can be left as is. )

We have to decide which access sequences we want to use (Five access sequences are defined in the standardSAP R/3 System). To keep it simple, let us assume we just use one - for example: the access sequence "chart of

accounts/sales org./account keys".

The chart of accounts part is standard in all account determinations, so let us look at the rest. This access sequence

allows us to specify different GL accounts for different Sales Organizations.

So if we had a billing document line item where the customer had some special deductions for one of the products he

purchased, we could map accounts by Sales Organization. To make it even simpler a document is within one Sales

Organization so we have an overall mapping as follows:

SD Line Item Condition type SD Amount Account Key Sales Organization GL Account

1 Sales deduction for being such a nice guy $10 ERS 1000 800010 - Sales deductions for 1000

Sales deduction for special promotion on particular product $15 ERS

Base Revenue $200 ERL 800000 - Revenue for Sales Org 1000

Total for item 1 $175

2 Base Revenue $100 ERL 1000 800000 - Revenue for Sales Org 1000

Total for item 2 $ 100

Document Total $ 275

So the invoice that the customer gets (and that you can view in SD) will look something like:

Item (Note this is the SD Invoice line item) Amount

Item 1: $175

Item 2: $100

Total owing , 30 days terms etc: $275

The GL document posting that the system will make to FI will look something like this though:FI Line Item Debit / Credit Account Amount

1 Debit (PK=01) Customer (AR Account) $ 275

2 Credit (PK=50) Revenue (GL Account) -$ 300

3 Debit (PK=40) Sales Deduction (GL Account) $25

Balancing to 0 as all GL documents must.... $0

Note : There is no direct relation between an SD Line item and an FI Line Item - they are different things.

hope this will help u

Integration II:

Following is the detailed note on SD-FI integration.

Sales Process: The sales order forms the basis of the sales process. Once a customer has placed an order, a sales

order must be created at the start of the process. The sales order is generated at the distribution chain level. The

ordered items can be from different divisions. The sales order is a document in SD and does not cause any postings


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in Financial Accounting. When the sales order has been entered, the system carries out an availability check for the

required delivery date.

On the day of shipping, an outbound delivery document is created. Billing for the delivery can only take place when

the goods have been taken from the warehouse stock and posted as a goods issue.

The warehouse management function is used for picking . A transfer order has to be created, which generates the

pick order. The requested goods are taken from the warehouse and prepared for delivery.The goods to be delivered are posted as a goods issue . A goods issue document is created in MM, and an

accounting document is created in FI so that the goods issue is posted to the correct G/L accounts.

The last stage in the sales process is billing. A billing document is created in SD, and a printed invoice is sent to the

customer. At the same time, a document is created in FI so that the receivables and revenues can be posted to the

correct accounts.

Configuration issues: Pricing procedure is dependent on three factors

Statistical indicator : This indicator causes a surchage or discount to be set in the document statistically (that is,

without altering the value).

Account key: Key that identifies different types of G/L account. The account key enables the system to post amounts

to certain types of revenue account. For example, the system can post freight charges (generated by the freight

pricing condition) to the relevant freight revenue account

Account key - accruals / provisions : Key which identifies various types of G/L accounts for accruals or provisions.Eg.

With the aid of the account key, the system can post amounts to certain types of accruals accounts. For example,

rebate accruals which are calculated from pricing conditions can be posted to the corresponding account for rebate

accruals

For each billing type a account determination procedure is defined

Account determination procedure specifies the condition types that the system uses for a particular type of document(an invoice, for example) to determine the G/L accounts to which amounts should be posted.

Depending on these condition type and other parameters such as chart of account, sales organization, account

assignment group for customer and material the GL account to which the revenue is posted

Hope this makes thing clear. please assign points.

SD Account determinationThe accounting document created at SD billing contains typically following three lines:

Customer posting in accounts reveivable and simultaneously posting to reconciliation account in generalledger

Sales revenue posting

Tax posting

There can also be other accounts like discounts, but let's find out where these accounts come from.The reconliliation account comes from the paying customer's master data.


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SD account determination is defined in SD IMG under Basic Functions /Account Assigment / Costing /Revenue Account determination. Despite the titel, all account determinations


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