scycle operating unit weee generated in romania: challenges and future outlook dr. federico magalini...

SCYCLE

OPERATING UNIT

WEEE Generated in Romania: challenges and future outlookDr. Federico Magalini – Magalini [at] unu.edu

With financial support of:

Bucharest - Quantification of WEEE Generated in Romania

Challenges for the future 2

10 November 2015

2012-20154 kg/ab

orAverage 3

preceeding years

2016-202040% PoM

(3 preceding years)

Latest from 2021

65% PoM (3 preceeding years) Or 85% WG

2012-2015

4 kg/ab or

Average 3 preceeding

years

2016-2018

45% PoM (3 preceding years)

From 2019

65% PoM (3 preceeding years) Or 85% WG

Original EU

Romania

Types of electronics 3

> 650 product type

6 waste streams

10 November 2015Bucharest - Quantification of WEEE Generated in Romania

Quantifications & material flow analysis

Recently developed common methodology (& dataset) + electronic tool for European Commission and Member State: Estimate WEEE Generated in their territory Based on sales for each product category (POM) Based on corresponding lifespan profile

2 available datasets for POM: National Register data Apparent Consumption Methodology via National statistics

Estimation of waste generated if fundamental for: Production & Consumption strategies Capacity planning (technical + organizational) and infrastructure development Policy development & priority setting


4

How Apparent Consumption Methodology works

5

Uniform Average Weight

UNU Keys (54)

Uniform Lifetimes

Harmonized Approach

Uniform Environmental

Relevancy

POM =

PRODCOM

PROD

HS Trade codes

+ IMPORT - EXPORT


The key role of National Register: PoM annual declarations

6


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

Apparent Consumption National Register

POM = Producer’s declarations

10,6

6,6

11,7

9

11,5

9,2

6,1

10,2

7,5

10,5

6,4

9,9

6,5

9,9

6,8

National Register vs Apparent Consumption 7


Large household appliances

Small household appliances

IT and TLC

Consumer equipment

Lamps & Lighting

Tools

Toys, leisure and sports equipment

Medical devices

Monitoring and control

Automatic dispensers

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000

Average Apparent Con-sumption Methodology 2006-2012

Average Eurostat 2006-2012

Did you know that…In some product categories differences has been observed…Tracking individual product codes or checkign for free-riders might be easeir combining the two sources!!

National Register vs Apparent Consumption

Annual declarations from Producers

Closer link to the “scope” of the WEEE Directive

Shorter time series (longer in the future)

Potential risk of free-riders (reporting POM = financing obligations)

8

Apparent Consumption

Based on official statistics

Longer time series (from 1996)

For some codes “scope” might slightly differ from WEEE Directive (might include non-electric products)

Might include used equipment as well (no distinction in trade)

National Register


Improve reliability and consistency National RegisterLeverage on Apparent Consumption to double-check and spot area for further

investigations

Second pillar: Lifespan profiles

2012 2013 2015 2016 2018 2019 2021 2022 2024 2025 2027 2028 2030 2031 2033 2034 2036 20370%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

WG (UNU-KEY) = POM * Lifespan10 November 2015Bucharest - Quantification of WEEE Generated in Romania

9

Did you know that……Different products, …Different consumer behaviour…Different impact on waste generated

How are lifespan profiles generated 10


1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 610.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

9.0%

10.0%

• Frequency of observations has been considered per each product, clustered at UNU-KEY level

• Simulations has been done to find the optimal curve fitting observations

Stock of EEE in Romanian households 11


01040407

02040302

01030303

03090201

02020106

02030306

01120505

03050401

07010801

09010

5

10

15

20

25

30Total household stock measured 72 kg/person (B2C)4 products = 80% of total stock

Did you know that…220 kg/person (Italy, 2012)245 kg/person (France, 2013)

Some of the most/less common second-hand products in Romania

12


63%

38%

74%

26%

86%

14%

84%

16%

96%

4%

99%

1%

Used/Gift

New

The market dynamics: role of second-hand products

13


C&F Screens Lamps LHHA SHA Small IT0

5

10

15

20

25

30

GiftUsedNew

5,6 kg/person (8% of stock)

Stock Age: the trend in Romania 14


Less than 1 year

1 year 2 years 3 years 4-5 years 6-10 years 11-15 years

16-20 years

21-40 years

Over 40 years

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

C&F

Screens

Lamps

LHHA

SHA

Small IT

Stock Age: the trend in Italy 15


Less than 1 year

1 year 2 years 3 years 4-5 years 6-10 years 11-15 years

16-20 years

21-40 years

Over 40 years

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

C&F

Screens

Lamps

LHHA

SHA

Small IT

Did you know that…Market penetration started earlier, so “older” stock of EEE

The consumer behaviour: hibernation 16


C&F Screens LHHA SHA Small IT0

5

10

15

20

25

30

22.8

14.7

26.3

4.31.4

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.5

0.1

0.0

Not working

Working but not in use

Working and in use

Did you know that…Total stock not working /not in use:2,4 kg/person Romania (3% stock)21,1 kg/person Italy (10% stock)

How is WEEE Generated determined 17


Consumers purchase (new) or get (used) EEE Household stock increases over time

After certain period of time and for different reasons products are discarded = Waste Generated

Sales and Waste Generated are related to Stock variation over time

WEEE Generated = the amount of discarded products (waste) due to national consumption from a national territory (POM) in a given reporting year prior any activity (collection, preparation for reuse, treatment or export).

Waste Generated in Romania: the influence of POM dataset

18


2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20180

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Apparent Consumption National Register

Behind the scenes: differences in WG results

19


Waste stream category

2015 WG - PoM from Apparent Consumption)

2015 WG - PoM normalized using National Register data (2006-2012

value)

Difference (kg/person) Difference (%) Average

C&F 2.2 1.4 0.8 37% 1.8

Screens 1.0 0.9 0.1 13% 1.0

Lamps 0.1 0.1 0.1 48% 0.1

LHHA 3.1 1.9 1.2 37% 2.5

SHA 1.9 1.1 0.8 41% 1.5

Small IT 0.4 0.6 -0.1 -33% 0.5

Total 8.7 6.0 2.8 32% 7.3

Difference is linked to PoM ( C&F + LHHA account for 70% of the deviation).Good PoM is PARAMOUNT

Can we find the truth?

In 2015 household EEE stock from consumer survey = 72 kg/person Considering original PoM based on Apparent Consumption stock = 91 kg/person Considering original PoM normalized on National Register data stock = 60

kg/person

20


020406080

10072

9160

Only B2C

Include dual use products Include

dual use products

WG estimated (and resulting stock) includes dual-use products Not mapped in the household

survey 60 kg/person might be too low

(PoM too low) Apparent Consumption PoM

dataset appears more in line with measured stock

Discard patterns from consumers 21


Retailer Municipality Scrap Collection Life-Extension Bad-Habit Warranty Uncertainty0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

C&FScreensLampsLHHASHASmall IT

1,01 0,45

0,7

1,55

1,98

0,25

1,40

Did you know that…Considering 7,35 kg/person of WG, the breakdown is as follow...

Impact on WG & role of Compliance Schemes Bad habit (27%) + Uncertainty (19%) = 46% of WG!

>70kt of waste (lost opportunity for Industry) Depletion of natural resources

Investigation needed to find out how much of the 21% of life-extension should be accounted as re-use and preparation for reuse

Only 20% of WG currently reaching the collection infrastructures where Compliance Schemes are active: 31kt potentially treated according to voluntary standards like WEEELabex®

Still 10% (15kt) handled by scrap sector with potentially lower treatment standards

22


Conclusions (I)

Proper tracking of PoM is paramount Future data quality can be improved, particularly by focusing on key products. The apparent consumption methodology, can facilitate monitoring and control of

specific EEE categories & checks on free riders by enabling the comparison National Register data

Lifetime profiles have been created for Romanian households. Expanding the sample size and extending the survey to non-household EEE track changes in consumers’ WEEE disposal behaviours

The amount of WEEE available for proper collection and treatment is only a small share (20 per cent or 70 kt) compared to the total amount Consumer awareness is a key element to tackle share of WEEE generated collected by informal collectors, disposed of in waste bins or

for which users do not remember discarding, represent the biggest threat to meeting collection targets

23


Conclusions (II)

Environmental & societal concerns for: Sub-standard treatment WEEE collected by informal collectors Potential loss of natural resources

Increase amount collected not de-coupled from a proper treatment in line with standards, including voluntary approaches like WEEELABEX

24


+Thank youQuestions? Mail to: [email protected]

scycle operating unit weee generated in romania: challenges and future outlook dr. federico magalini...

Documents