Scrap book scienceTHE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTHY

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

NAME : NUR AINA BATRISYA BINTI OTHMAN

CLASS : 3 NILAM

TEACHER’S NAME : MR. PUVEN

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Introduction

The respiratory system is essential for our survival. Thus, it is important to have a healthy respiratory system. To keep our respiratory system healthy, we must make sure that the air we breathe in is clean and free of harmful substances.

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Substances Harmful to the Respiratory System

The quality of the air can have significant effects on our respiratory system.

As air moves into our lung, harmful substances in the air may enter too. These harmful substances can cause disease or even death.

Air pollutants include smoke of cigarettes, gases from the industries, exhaust of engines and haze.

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Harmful Substances In Air Pollutants

Air pollutant Harmful substancesCigarette Smoke Nicotine, TarGases from Factories

Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide

Exhaust Fumes Carbon MonoxideHaze Smoke, Dust

Cigarette Smoke Gases from Factories

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Exhaust Fumes Haze

The Effects of Harmful Substances on the Respiratory System Nicotinea. A drug that causes addiction to cigarette

smoking.

b. Cause rapid heartbeat, increased blood pressure and rapid breathing.

c. The disease related.

Tara. Contains carcinogens(substances that

cause cancer).b. Irritates the respiratory tracts, causing

smoker’s cough.

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Sulphur dioxidea. Exposure to sulphur dioxide can cause

the irritation of the respiratory system.b. Can cause temporary or permanent

damage to the lungs.

Carbon monoxidea. Combines with haemoglobin in the blood

faster than oxygen can, hence it is poisonous gas which causes suffocation.

~ Low concentration of carbon monoxide can cause dizziness, headache and fatigue where as high concentrations can fatal.

~ Particular matter(fine particles in the air)

a. Continuous exposure to particulate matter causes coughing, nasal congestion, watery nose, constant sneezing and chest pain.

b. Those who are very likely to be affected by haze are children, the elderly and people

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with illnesses like asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia.

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Asthma

Caused by the narrowing of the fine airways (bronchi and bronchioles) due to the contraction of muscles in their walls. This is perhaps because of sensitivity to air pollutants including smoke.

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A patient will find it different to breathe, wheezing and feeling tightness in the chest.

Heart disease

Nicotine raises the blood pressure and increase the level of bad cholesterol in the blood.

This make a smoker more likely to suffer from a stroke or a heart attack.

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Bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis can be defined as a condition characterized by recurrent or chronic cough every day over a period of several months.

Caused by the inflammation of the lining of bronchioles. This may be due to infection by bacteria or viruses, or chemicals such as those found in tobacco smoke.

Smokers cough is an early sign of chronic bronchitis.

In severe cases, the patient may turn blue which is specially noticeable at the lips and fingers due to poor oxygenation of blood.

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Lung cancer

Caused by a change in the cells inside the lungs such that they divide out of control and produce lumps of cells (tumours) which interfere with the normal functions of the lungs.

May not have any symptoms. When it is detected, the cancer cells may have spread from the lungs to other organs.

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Emphysema

Is a condition in which the structure of the alveoli is broken down by coughing. This reduces the surface area for gas exchange.

Ways to Improve Quality of Air

Improving indoor air quality

Avoid smoking indoors Make sure there is a steady supply of fresh

air. Minimize air conditioning use. Keep carpets and floor dust free. Maintain a low humidity to prevent mould

growth.

Improving outdoor air quality

Avoid open burning of leaves and trash.

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Do not allow cars or other motor vehicles idle for more than a minute.

Walk, ride a bicycle, car pool or use public transportation.

Keep the motor vehicle well maintained and use a fuel- efficient vehicle.

Reduce, reuse and recycle waste materials. Implement laws and regulations to control air

pollution.

The Practices of Maintaining Clean Air

Do not smoke. Do not carry out open burning. Save energy such as gas and

electricity. Walk or cycle instead of travelling

by car. Go to work in a car pool

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Use public transport such as buses and LRT.

Keep your home well-ventilated.

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