scottish english work
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SCOTTISH ENGLISH
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NOT TO BE CONFUSED
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WHAT IS SCOTTISH ENGLISH?
All the varieties of English spoken in Scotland:
• Standard Scottish English
• Highland English
Distinct pronunciation, grammar, expressions
and vocabulary.
Scottish Standard English:
Formal Variety – The characteristic speech of the
professional class and the accepted norm in schools.
Influenced by Scots.
Highland English:
Spoken in Scottish Highlands and the Hebrides
Influenced by Gaelic
In Canada: Bungi Creole:
Spoken in Manitoba, Canada by Scottish immigrants
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SCOTTISH ENGLISH DIALECTS
Scottish Standard English:
• Formal Variety – The characteristic speech of the professional class
and the accepted norm in schools.
• Influenced by Scots.
Highland English:
• Spoken in Scottish Highlands and the Hebrides
• Influenced by Gaelic
In Canada: Bungi Creole:
• Spoken in Manitoba, Canada by Scottish immigrants
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SCOTTISH ENGLISH PHONOLOGY
Scottish English is a rhotic accent, meaning the /r/ is pronounced.
• While other dialects have merged /e/, /ɪ/, /ʌ/ before /r/, Scottish English makes a distinction between the vowels
in herd, bird, and curd.
• EARTH (RP) (SE)
• Many varieties contrast /o/ and /ɔ/ before /r/ so that hoarse and horse are pronounced differently.
• CORN (RP) (SE)
• “or” and “ur” are contrasted so that shore and sure are pronounced differently, as are pour and poor.
• SORE
• /r/ before /l/,/m/ and /n/ is strong. As well as /r/ between /l/ and /m/.
Lack of the wine–whine merger. This means that Scottish English speakers differentiate between voiceless /hw/
and voiced /w/.
• WASH (RP) (SE)
• WHAT (RP) (SE)
The phoneme /x/ is common and it is often taught to incomers, particularly for "ch" in loch or Pitlochry.
• FOUR
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SCOTTISH ENGLISH PHONOLOGY
/l/ is usually velarized
• LONG (RP) (SE)
/p/, /t/ and /k/ are not aspirated.
Certain vowels (such as /i/, /u/, and /æ/) are generally long but are
shortened before nasals and voiced plosives.
• MOON
• NEEDLE
Scottish English has no /ʊ/, instead transferring Scots /u/
• GOOD
• GOOSE
There is no /æ/-/ɑː/ distinction; therefore, bath, ash, and lamb have
the same vowel.
• LAMB
• ASH
• BATH
The Y sound is most commonly /e/ (as in face), but may also be /ɪ/
(as in kit) or /i/ (as in fleece)
• HOLY (RP) (SE)
/θs/ is often used in plural nouns where southern English has /ðz/
(baths, youths,etc.)
They “drop the –g” in the suffix –ing
• THING
/ɪ/ may be have different realizations such as [ë̞], [ɛ], [ɪ], [ə] or [ʌ]
after /w/ and /hw/
• IN (RP) (SSE) (EDIMBURGH) (ATRIM)
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HIGHLAND ENGLISH PHONOLOGY
Voiceless stops /p t k/ are preaspirated.
• They become /hp/ /ht/ /hk/ or /hx/
Voiced consonants tend to be de-voiced.
• Whatever: [whateffer]
• Just: [chust]
English /z/ may be realised as [s]
• Jesus: [chisas]
“SH” sound in English “rst” clusters
• Firts: [firsht]
Realisation of /w/ as /u/
• Swansea: [suansi]
Use of Gaelic ‘helping vowel’
• Film: [fillum]
The Gaelic Gasp
H-dropping
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SCOTTISH INTONATION
http://www.fonetiks.org/engsou7sc.html
http://www.fonetiks.org/engsou6sc.html
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Scotticisms are idioms or expressions that are characteristics of Scots, especially when used in English.
SCOTTICISMS
“Oh yes, just now”
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SCOTTISH ENGLISH VOCABULARY
Wee: small
Bairn: child
Bonnie: pretty, attractive
Braw: fine, brilliant
Muckle: big
Pinkie: little finger
Kirk: church
-ie to indicate smallness: laddie or lassie
How?: Why?
• How no?: Why not?
SCOTTISH SLANG
This is a video recorded by a Scottish girl. She talksabout the most common words among Scottish youngpeople.
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RIVER CITY
It is a TV show based in Glasgow and intendedfor Scottish audiences.
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PRINCE CHARLES delivers BBC Scotland weather forecast
This is an example of
Scottish Standard
English, as used by His
Highness Prince
Charles of Wales
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SINGERS
Annie Lennox Lulu
Susan Boyle Lacey Chabert Rod Stewart
Amy Mcdonald
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POLITICIANS, PHILOSOPHERS & OTHERS
Gordon BrownTony Blair
Henry Bell Alexander Graham-Bell
David HumeAdam Smith
Alexander Fleming
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ACTORS
Ewan McGregor Sean Connery Gerard Butler Heath Ledger Tilda Swinton
Mike Myers Kyle MacLachlan John Barrowman
John HannahKelly McdonaldRobert CarlyleMeghan OryTom Selleck
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WRITER
Irvine Welsh
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