scott higgins schneider electric nam...

DoD Installation MicrogridsScott Higgins – Schneider Electric NAM

[email protected]

Mix of influencer in today’s microgrid solutions

Schneider Electric |

Historically passive consumers are thinking about energy in new ways

Cost● Lower / More Predictable Energy Costs

● Energy / Fuel Source Arbitrage

● Flexibility drives savings / incremental revenue

Resilience● Serve loads during times of grid stability

● Oasis for employees / customers – shelter in place

● Protect power sensitive / critical assets from poor

power quality

Sustainability● Reduce carbon footprint

● Improve brand image

● Attract / Service carbon sensitive customers

Utility Connection

Solar PV

Combined

Heat

& Power

Baseload

Generation

Battery Energy

Storage System

Electric

Vehicle

Critical Loads

Essential &

Standard Loads

Facilities have varying

degrees of supply and

demand flexibility

Lights and EV

Charging

Grid, Solar and

Storage

Lights and EV

Charging, HVAC and

Cold Chain

Grid, CHP, Solar and

Storage

Lights and Motors

Grid and Solar

The more flexibility

the better their site

optimization potential

DoD Installations: Distribution and Building Microgrids

Leveraging EcoStruxure Grid, Power and Buildings we enable the Prosumer:

Utility, Campus or Building Microgrid• DER Point of Coupling

• Solar PV

• Battery Energy Storage

(BESS)

• Generator/CHP

• DA/Self-Healing Distribution• Substation, DER PCC

• Microgrid Automation

• Load Shed/Add,

Protection, Metering

• Grid-Tied and Grid-

Islanded Operation

Substation Automation

• Economic Optimization

• Building Automation

• Process Automation

• Energy Automation

Distribution Microgrid

Building

Microgrids

Feeder Automation

Energy Control Center

Microgrid Advisor

EPSS

Adding Microgrid Energy to a FacilityThermal systems replace existing boilers and leverage

existing thermal distribution system

Isolation switchfor Islanding fromthe Utility Grid

Microgrid Energy PlantBaseload Power Source

Microgrid: Complements Utility and Standby Power Delivery• A Microgrid Energy Plant may

be composed of CHP,

Generator, Storage, Solar, Fuel

Cell or other Distributed Energy

Resource

• Complements and extends the

capabilities of existing Standby

Power Systems and often

integrates ASCO Automatic

Transfer Switches

• A baseload Microgrid provides

most if not all baseload

generation and all thermal

energy. Operates in parallel

with Utility Service.

• In Emergency, Microgrid

islands from Utility and powers

all loads, not just standby or

critical loads alone.

EPSS Backup Plant

Utility Distribution

Cold

Hot

“Tame” Distributed Energy Resources = predictable

‘dispatchable’ generation (Recips, Turbines, Gensets)

Seconds Seconds

“Tame” Distributed Energy Resources = predictable “baseload”

power resources – Fuel Cells or Cogeneration (CHP)

Solar PV on T1 / GTC

Fuel Cell CHP Units

Switch

Transformer

Main Distribution

Panels

5kV network

Loads

Other Solar PV is remote from T1 / GTC and ties to the 5kV network.

Electric Energy Storage

ECCUnit Sub

Microgrid Concept – Fuel Cells, Generators and BESS

Utility #1 Service Utility #2 Service

OSHPD

BUS

CRITICAL

PROTECTED LOADS

2 MW Fuel Cell

U-Cap+GFI1.1 MW Fuel Cell

U-Cap+GFI

Non-OSHPD

LOADSNon-OSHPD

LOADS

BESS AC Coupled to MG Bus and sized to provide load support above 2.6MW

DC Coupled U-CAP

400VDC Bus

Inverter 400VDC-480VAC

Diesel Generator

DC Coupled U-CAP

400VDC Bus

Inverter 400VDC-480VAC

500kW

BESS

Microgrid

4160V Bus

and Controls

“Wild” Distributed Energy Resources = Intermittent Renewables

“Wild” DER + Energy Storage = “Tamed” DER

At any Scale

Energy Storage deploys in two very different architectures:

Critical

loads

N.O.

Essential

loads

• Bidirectional inverter - must transition from current

source (grid following) to voltage source (grid forming)

subject to UL1741

• “Blink” duration from < 1 cycle to over 20 cycles when

outage occurs, depending on many product and utility

fault factors

• Some are 88-89% efficient round trip*

• More cost effective for some grid tied use cases

• Double conversion – always on, and no “blink” to

critical loads

• Corrects outages and all types of voltage and

frequency variation in compliance with IEC 62040-3

Class 1

• Best in class are 99 to 98% efficient using “eco-mode”

and up to 95% in double conversion mode

• Better for resilience and critical loads

BESS

Primarily Energy

Applications

Double Conversion UPS

Primarily Power

Applications

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Different prosumer persona has different energy storage requirementsKey C&I applications mostly in 2-4 hours capacity range – Key PQ applications response in the Milli-Second/Cycles timeframe

Demand-charge reduction (2-4 hr)

Increase renewable self-consumption (1-4 hr)

< 30 min 1 hour 2 hour 4 hour

Required backup time

Backup/Resiliency

(< 1 hr)

Freq Reg

(< 30 min)

Demand Response (2-4 hr)€

Prosumer

Persona

Primary

demand

UPS/PQ

Sub Sec-Sec

PV

Storage

Genset

Wind

Utility

EcoStruxure

Microgrid AdvisorEV Cloud App

Concept EV Charging Infrastructure


EV Charging Infrastructures = MicrogridWe apply the same EcoStruxure technologies to enable these unique DERs

Microgrid Project Development


Feasibility, Energy and Financial Modelling

Concept Design Iteration Use Case Refinement

Customer and Partner Workshops and Contracts

Use Cases

Use Cases

Final engineeringIntegration testing and Construction

Final Testing and Configuration

Commissioning and COD

Analytics and ReportingOperation, Maintain,

Optimize

• Customer goals are defined

• Address, site data

• Interval data on electric and gas usage

obtained

• Tariffs, incentives evaluated

• Interconnect process mapped

• Fatal flaws identified

• Schedules created

• Fatal flaws mitigated (interconnect

challenges, study periods, air quality permits)

• Further design and refinement

• Direct utility involvement

• Sequence of Operation (SOO)

• Schedules finalized

• Select vendors and execute contracts for

DER, EPC, PPAs, SOWs and guarantees

as needed

• An “off ramp” may be agreed to in case

fatal flaws cause the project to fail –

NEPA, permits, interconnect

• Deliver and install DER solution at

customer site• Final testing of initial

configuration by using pre-

developed use cases

• Finalize commissioning of the DER

solution

• Interconnect the DERs

• Guarantee performance

• Begin metering and verification, maintenance

and optimization as needed• Advanced analytics framework

provides detailed reports outlining

DER and site performance

• ARO, receive interconnection

approval, air quality and other

permitting

• Get NTP from investor if applicable

• Test use cases and controls, often

with model based design SIL, HIL

Schneider’s Microgrid Energy Simulation Software

Our strength: Using the Same tools and algorithms to “Model” as

EcoStruxure Microgrid Advisor will use to “Operate” the Microgrid

MGDT Lite

Pre-Sales Qualification

MGDT Full

Detailed engineering design

DiSiPl

Research & SIL validation


Schneider’s Microgrid Design Tool (MGDT) in a nutshell

First simple web tool (intranet today)

Customizable for different users

Typical case settings (weather, load

usages, energy rate)

Microgrid configuration (PV, BESS,

Genset, offgrid mode)

Results: economic KPI (+off grid

autonomy), sizing impact, automatic

size optimization


EcoStruxure Microgrid Advisor

Page 19Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Demand

response

requests

Response to

Utility

Energy market

pricing

Day Ahead

Dynamic

Coincident

Peak

Net Metering

Weather

forecast

PV

Load

Forecast

Building

constraints

Temp

SOC on

Battery

HMI


Microgrid Advisor: Oncor Microgrid, Lancaster, TexasPeak Electric or Gas Pricing – Tariff Optimization

Tariff Optimization and Demand Limiting,

happening every day● Prosumer optimization of battery charge, discharge,

tariff Management and peak shaving

● Demand Limiting begins at 9:00AM, set at 700kW

Actual KW Forecasted kWSolar PV Battery Storage

Source: Oncor – May 27, 2015● Algorithm completes demand limiting, and then recharges to

prepare for Peak Tariff event

● Algorithm evaluates additional demand limiting value compared

to tariff management case, and decides to charge and prepare

the BESS for next period based on optimizing economic

performance.

Site Specific Utility Rate-Tariff Structure is Modeled

Model Energy Costs ($/kWh) and Demand Cost ($/kW) against season and time of day

Obtain Electric Demand Interval Data – Ideally 365 Days

Utility Rate Structure for Energy and Power Demand

Model Battery Energy Storage System

kW/kWh with Utility Rate-Based Economic Dispatch

Model Solar PV and Solar PV + BESS

Depending on cost of solar, the solar + BESS can improve the kWh and kW demand profile

and also alter the total design life of the BESS, improving financials

Optimize DER Size, Type, Mix, & Economics vs. Planned Use

Base Load Profile

Solar Profile

BESS Profile

Microgrid Design Tool Analysis

Model Financials, ROI, Payback

Adjust BESS and PV System Sizes

Adjust Equipment O&M Cost Assumptions

Include Rebates and Incentives

Optimize payback period

Higher Initial Capex may maximize savings

but also increase Payback

Also Analyze what happens after the 10,15

or 20 year PPA or UESC/ESPC

• Equipment Upgrades

• Buyout or Resale

Building Scale Microgrids

For Buildings and Building-Clusters

Undisclosed LocationSolar PV, 125kW/250kWh BESS, Micro CHP Unit

LV Energy Control Center

Micro-CHP Unit

Battery Energy Storage Unit

Solar PV Ground Mount

LV Distribution Conductor

Undisclosed LocationExisting Diesel Generator, ~600kW Solar PV, 250kW/500kWh BESS


Existing Diesel Standby Gen

Battery Energy Storage Unit

Solar PV Ground Mount

LV Distribution Conductor

Microgrid Node – Traditional Critical Infrastructure Building

. . .

Standard loads

. . .

Essential loads

Critical loads

ATS

Utility Connection and Facility

Transformer

Building Main Breaker

Standby

Gen

Important for main mission

of the building but can sustain a

“bump” or short term outage

(minutes)

Not required for main mission

Represent flexible loads that we

don’t require, but would be nice to

have.

Required as uninterruptable

Mission Critical and cannot sustain even a millisecond of interruption


. . .

Standard loads

. . .

Essential loads

UPS

Critical loads

ATS

Uninterruptable Power Supply for Critical Loads


. . .

Standard loads

. . .

Less Essential,

Essential loads

UPS

Critical loads

ATS

. . .

Essential loads

Microgrid Node – Traditional Building + Solar PV

. . .

Standard loads

UPS

Critical loads

ATS

. . .

Less Essential,

Essential loads

. . .

Essential loads

Grid Tied Solar cannot be used when in standby

power emergency operating mode


Microgrid Node – Traditional Building + Microgrid

. . .

Standard loads

. . .

Essential loads

UPS

Critical loads

ATS

. . .

Highest Priority

Standard loads

. . .

Most Essential,

Essential loads


. . .

Less Essential,

Essential loads

or

Anchor Resource

Resources can be used to

support either the Critical bus

or the Standard bus through

breaker sequencing

Traditional Building + MicrogridApproach 2 - Upgrade ATS

Also Approach for Utility Paralleling Generator

. . .

Standard loads

. . .

Essential loads

UPS

Critical loads

LV Energy

Control Center

MicroCHP

or Baseload

Generator

Onsite Resources can be

used to supply any loads,

effectively replacing the

either/or approach of an ATS

. . .

Standard loads

. . .

Essential loads

UPS

Critical loads

ATS

Traditional Building + MicrogridApproach 3 (Intercept Utility)

LV Energy

Control Center

Similar to previous, however

the utility main breaker is also

housed in the ECC. This is a

greenfield approach, but also

a brownfield approach

. . .

. . .

Essential loads

UPS

Critical loads

ATS

Adding an ECC to a BrownfieldApproach 4 (Intercept Utility and Use remotely

controllable nodes)


(Parent)

. . .

Unmanaged

Standard loads

. . .

Managed

Standard loads

ECC (Child)

Edge

Control

Communications link

Enable Load Shed/Add

Of flexible loads


Microgrid Energy Control Center (ECC Sizes)

5000 Amps

1600 Amps

800 Amps

MV or LV Microgrid with Automatic Load Control

. . .

Standard loads

. . .

Essential loadsUPS

Critical loads

Note: ECC circuit breakers

are typically smart and

electrically operated


Distribution Scale Microgrids

Feeder, Multi-Feeder, Substation Area

Base and Buildings Microgrid OperationsLeveraging the same technology and algorithms as Substations to

automate the prosumer Campus or Building Microgrid

• DER Point of Coupling

• Solar PV

• Battery Energy Storage

(BESS)

• Generator

• Combined Heat and

Power

Substation, DER or PCC

Microgrid Automation, Load

Shed/Add, Protection,

Metering

Utility Substation

• Economic Optimization

• Building Automation

• Process Automation

• Energy Automation

Base Distribution

Microgrid

Building Microgrids

Concept Geographic and Schematic View of 1 Substation Transformer AreaMission Critical Building Today Mission Non-Critical Today

Undisclosed Location

14.5MW of existing generation

2MW

12.5MW

2MW12.5MW

Undisclosed Location

26.4MW of Critical

Load for All Critical

Buildings

Existing 8

MW NG

Standby

Existing

4.6MW NG

Microgrid

New Steam

Generation

1MW

Distribution

System Microgrid

Topology

(Path Estimated)

New 14 MW

NG Standby

Network Reconfiguration

Wild and Tame DER, Storage and

Microgrids require integrated

distribution operations and coordination

Recloser

Reclosers

Feeder Recloser

1

Tie Recloser

Recloser

Feeder Recloser

Recloser

Cap Bank

Cap Bank

Voltage Reg

Voltage Reg

Cap Bank

Substation

Transformer,

Capacitor Bank,

Voltage Regulator

Tame

DER/Storage

MicroGrid

Wild DER

Advanced

DMS/PCS

Typical Pad Mounted Service

Option 1: Automate Utility Main Breaker –

requires refitting each building main breaker

with a motor operated breaker and an RTU to

serve as the SCADA gateway back to the

Utility SCADA.

Option 2: Automate MV Disconnection – requires

installation of a pad-mounted switch on the MV

side of the service transformer or unit

substation along with an RTU to serve as the

SCADA gateway back to the Utility SCADA

Option 3: Automate LV Disconnection – requires

installation of a LV disconnect switch or

breaker that is motor operated on the LV side

of the service transformer or unit substation

along with an RTU to serve as the SCADA

gateway back to the Utility SCADA

Note: To get telemetry/commands from/to the

Switch controller/RTU from the Utility SCADA, the

Secure DNP3 protocol will likely be employed.

Option 1: Automate

Building Main BreakerOption 2: Automate

MV Disconnection

Option 3: Automate

LV Disconnection

Voltage Profile – Power at substation diminishes over distance

Lower Regulatory Limit

114v

Upper Regulatory Limit

126v

VVO and Capacitors flatten profile allowing voltage reduction

ExistingFlattened Profile after VVO

Lower Voltage to Reduce MWs CVR/VR

Fee

der

Vo

ltag

e

Feeder Length

But what about the Grid and Utility need to regulate Voltage, VAR and

Frequency, ideally optimizing at all times

ADMS+Capacitors and LTC

And topological combinations of DER, along with normal and

abnormal conditions requires an adaptive and continuous

Protection Analysis

Thank You

scott higgins schneider electric nam...

Documents